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Qostanay ... Quantrill, William C.

Qostanay: city, northern Kazakhstan, on the Tobyl River. Founded by Russian settlers from the Volga region in 1879, it became a centre of trade in the steppe, particularly in grain, a ...
Qotb od-Din Shah Mahmud: (from the article "Mozaffarid Dynasty") ...of campaigns, Mohammad had become the undisputed ruler of southern Iran. In 1356 he attacked and captured Tabriz, but he was unable to hold it. In 1358 he was deposed ...
QQQ 1432: (from the article "Physical Sciences") ...few had been found to form pairs and orbit each other. An American-Swiss team of astronomers led by George Djorgovski of Caltech discovered for the first time a triple quasar ...
QSL process: (from the article "metallurgy") Two newer processes for the direct reduction of unroasted lead sulfide concentrate are the QSL (Queneau-Schuhmann-Lurgi) and the KIVCET (a Russian acronym for "flash-cyclone-oxygen-electric smelting"). In the QSL reactor a ...
qu: (from the article "China") ...wide-reading public, and dramatic literature reached such a peak in Yuan China that later literary criticism regarded the Yuan as the classical age for operatic arias, or
qu di: (from the article "di") ...xiao) flutes as well but is now used exclusively for transverse flutes. There are two major types of di: the qu di, so named ...
Qu Qiubai: prominent leader and, on occasions in the 1920s and early 1930s, head of the Chinese Communist Party. In addition to being a political activist, he is considered one of the ...
Qu Yinhua: (from the article "Everest, Mount") ...Ridge route earlier explored by prewar British expeditions. Many in the West doubted the Chinese assertion, mainly because the official account-which included the claim that Qu Yinhua had scaled the ...
Qu Yuan: one of the greatest poets of ancient China and the earliest known by name. His highly original and imaginative verse had an enormous influence over early Chinese poetry. [1 Related Articles]
Qu'aiti: (from the article "Qu'aiti sultanate") ...Gulf of Aden coast and much of the Hadramawt, an inland region extending northward to the Rub' al-Khali, the southern Arabian Desert. The sultanate was founded when the powerful Qu'aiti ...
Qu'aiti sultanate: former semi-independent state in the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen. It was one of the largest sultanates in the British-ruled Aden Protectorate, the forerunner of independent southern ... [1 Related Articles]
Qu'Appelle River: tributary of the Assiniboine River, in southern Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba, Canada. From its source near The Elbow (a bend in the South Saskatchewan River) and Lake Diefenbaker, northwest of ...
Qu'ayq'an, Mount: (from the article "Mecca") ...is surrounded by the Sirat Mountains, the peaks of which include Mount (Jabal) Ajyad, which rises to 1,332 feet, and Mount Abu Qubays, which attains 1,220 feet, to the east ...
Quabbin Reservoir: (from the article "Massachusetts") The Boston metropolitan area gets its drinking water from Quabbin Reservoir in the western part of the state. The world's largest man-made domestic water supply, it was built between 1933 ...
quack grass: rapidly spreading grass of the family Poaceae. It has flat, somewhat hairy leaves and erect flower spikes; the plant may grow from 30 to 100 cm (about 12 to 40 ...
quad: unit of energy equal to 1 quadrillion (10¹⁵) British thermal units (BTU). The quad is a convenient unit for describing national and world energy resources. One quad is also equal ...
Quad Cities: (from the article "Quad Cities") complex of cities at the Iowa-Illinois border, on the Mississippi River, U.S. Despite its name, the region includes five main cities: Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline, Illinois, and Davenport ...
Quadi: (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") The earliest known inhabitants of Moravia were the Boii and the Cotini, another Celtic tribe. These were succeeded about 15-10 BC by the Germanic Quadi. The Germanic peoples were pushed ...
quadrangle: in architecture, rectangular open space completely or partially enclosed by buildings of an academic or civic character. The grounds of a quadrangle are often grassy or landscaped. Such a quadrangular ...
quadrant: (from the article "Hadley, John") In 1730, independently of Thomas Godfrey of Philadelphia, Hadley invented a quadrant (actually a double-reflecting octant) for measuring the altitude of the Sun or a star above the horizon to ...
Quadrapartite Cartel: (from the article "Novartis AG") ...also established or acquired factories in various European countries and in the United States. In 1929-32 the Basel IG joined with IG Farben and French and British chemical firms to ...
quadrata: (from the article "paleography") The ancient Latin alphabet of capitals (quadrata) is found in numberless inscriptions in stone and marble all over the Roman world. How far this alphabet was used for writing books ...
quadrate bone: (from the article "sound reception") ...sensitive to some airborne sound waves and are able to receive them through a mechanism that serves as a substitute for the tympanic membrane. This mechanism consists of a thin ...
quadratic equation: in mathematics, an algebraic equation of the second degree (having one or more variables raised to the second power). Old Babylonian cuneiform texts, dating from the time of Hammurabi, show ... [4 Related Articles]
quadratic form: (from the article "mathematics") ...it was left to Lagrange to provide a general theory covering all expressions of the form ax² + bxy + cy², quadratic forms, as they are called.
quadratic mean: (from the article "mean") ...1, 1, 2, 5, and 7 cm. Their average area is (1² + 1² + 2² + 5² + 7²)/5, or 16 square cm, the area of a square of ...
quadratic programming problem: (from the article "optimization") ...problems the graph of the objective function and the feasible set are both convex (where a set is convex if a line joining any two points in the set is ...
quadratic reciprocity law: (from the article "number theory") ...factors is "one of the most important and useful in arithmetic," Gauss provided the first modern proof of the unique factorization theorem. He also gave the first proof of the ...
quadratrix of Hippias: (from the article "Trisecting the Angle: The Quadratrix of Hippias") Hippias of Elis (fl. 5th century BC) imagined a mechanical device to divide arbitrary angles into various proportions. His device depends on a curve, now known as the quadratrix of ...
quadratura: (from the article "Peruzzi, Baldassarre") Sienese architect and painter, one of the earliest artists to attempt illusionist architectural painting (quadratura), the extension of real architecture into imaginary space.
quadrature: in astronomy, that aspect of a heavenly body in which its direction as seen from the Earth makes a right angle with the direction of the Sun. The Moon at ...
quadrature: in mathematics, the process of determining the area of a plane geometric figure by dividing it into a collection of shapes of known area (usually rectangles) and then finding the ... [2 Related Articles]
quadrature amplitude modulation: (from the article "telecommunication") ...forms of digital modulation described above, there exist more advanced methods that result from a superposition of multiple modulating signals. An example of the latter form of modulation is quadrature ...
quadrature of the lune: (from the article "Quadrature of the Lune") Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 460 BC) demonstrated that the moon-shaped areas between circular arcs, known as lunes, could be expressed exactly as a rectilinear area, or quadrature. In the ...
Quadratus, Saint: the earliest known Apologist for Christianity. [1 Related Articles]
quadric surface: (from the article "quadratic equation") More general quadratic equations, in the variables x, y, and z, lead to generation (in Euclidean three-dimensional space) of surfaces known as the quadrics, or quadric surfaces.
quadriceps femoris muscle: large fleshy muscle group covering the front and sides of the thigh. It has four parts: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. They originate at the ilium ... [2 Related Articles]
quadrifoil: (from the article "kite") ...sail while simultaneously navigating a moving vehicle such as a land buggy that can reach speeds approaching 50 miles (80 km) per hour. Modern kite traction has also revolutionized polar ...
quadrigatus: (from the article "coin") ...to the Second Punic War, terminating in a new issue of silver coins of Roman style and types (marked ROMA), including Jupiter in a quadriga (four-horse chariot) from which their ...
Quadrilateral: (from the article "Christianity") ...apostolic principles." Among Episcopalians, the visionaries for unity included Thomas Hubbard Vail, William Augustus Muhlenberg, and William Reed Huntington, who proposed the historic "Quadrilateral" of the Scriptures, the creeds, the ...
Quadrilateral: famous combination of four fortresses mutually supporting one another, during the Austrian rule of northern Italy. The four fortified towns were Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnago, lying between Lombardy and ...
quadrille: (from the article "ombre") ...its being the first game in which a trump was established by bidding rather than by the random process of turning the last card dealt. In the 18th century the ...
quadrille: fashionable late 18th- and 19th-century dance for four couples in square formation. Imported by English aristocrats in 1815 from elite Parisian ballrooms, it consisted of four, or sometimes five, contredanses; ... [1 Related Articles]
quadrille flageolet: (from the article "flageolet") A popular amateur instrument, it also occupied in the 18th-century orchestra (as the flauto piccolo) the role now held by the modern piccolo. With keywork added it became the popular ...
quadriplegia: (from the article "paraplegia") ...be caused by injury to or disease of the lower spinal cord or peripheral nerves or by such brain disorders as cerebral palsy. Some paraplegics are able to walk with ...
quadrivium: (from the article "mathematics") ...was well known and was the means by which medieval scholars learned of Pythagorean number theory. Boethius and Cassiodorus provided the material for the part of the monastic education called ...
Quadros, Janio da Silva: Brazilian politician who unexpectedly resigned the presidency after serving only seven months (Jan. 31-Aug. 25, 1961). A colourful and sometimes eccentric populist, he campaigned with a broom as a symbol ... [2 Related Articles]
Quadrumviri: (from the article "Mussolini, Benito") ...that day, Mussolini and other leading Fascists decided that four days later the Fascist militia would advance on Rome in converging columns led by four leading party members later to ...
quadrupedalism: (from the article "human evolution") Although we are bipedal, our pelvis is oriented like that of quadrupedal primates. The early bipedal hominins assumed erect trunk posture by bending the spine upward, particularly in the lower ...
Quadruple Alliance: alliance formed Aug. 2, 1718, when Austria joined the Triple Alliance of Britain, the Dutch Republic (United Provinces), and France to prevent Spain from altering the terms of the Treaty ... [2 Related Articles]
Quadruple Alliance: alliance formed on April 22, 1834, between Britain, France, and the more liberal claimants to the thrones of Spain and Portugal against the conservative claimants to those thrones. The alliance ... [2 Related Articles]
Quadruple Alliance: alliance first formed in 1813, during the final phase of the Napoleonic Wars, by Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, for the purpose of defeating Napoleon, but conventionally dated from Nov. ... [3 Related Articles]
quadruple bond: (from the article "chemical bonding") Metal cluster compounds warrant a special mention here because they provide the only examples of quadruple bonds in chemistry. Apart from that, their bonding can be treated as a straightforward ...
quadruple time: (from the article "metre") ...are duple (e.g., 22, 24), triple (34, 38), or quadruple (44, 48). Compound metres are also duple (68,...
quadruplet: (from the article "multiple birth") ...one of which divided to produce MZ twins while the other developed as a singleton (the three constituting DZ triplets); or from three separate zygotes (trizygotic, or TZ, triplets). Similarly, ...
quadruplex circuit: (from the article "telegraph") ...allowed the same line to be used simultaneously for sending and receiving, thus doubling its capacity. This system was further improved by the American inventor Thomas Alva Edison, who patented ...
quadrupole: (from the article "magnetic resonance") For certain nuclei, the NMR spectrum reveals the existence of nuclear electric quadrupole moments (an electric quadrupole consists of a charge distribution equivalent to a special arrangement of two electric ...
quadrupole mass spectrometer: (from the article "mass spectrometry") In 1953 the West German physicists Wolfgang Paul and Helmut Steinwedel described the development of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The application of superimposed radio frequency and constant potentials between four ...
quadrupole splitting: (from the article "Mossbauer effect") Applications in chemistry are based largely on the isomer shift and quadrupole splitting. The former measures the s-electron charge density at the nucleus and gives information on the character of ...
quaestio repetundarum: (from the article "ancient Rome") ...reasons, excessive abuse without hope of a remedy could not be permitted. Hence, when the decision to annex Carthage and Macedonia had been made in principle (149 BC), a permanent ...
quaestor: the lowest ranking regular magistrate in ancient Rome, whose traditional responsibility was the treasury. During the royal period, the kings appointed quaestores parricidii (quaestors with judicial powers) to handle cases ... [2 Related Articles]
quaestor intra Palatium: (from the article "quaestor") The quaestor intra Palatium of the late empire, newly created under the emperor Constantine I, replaced the praetorian prefect in the internal administration. He headed the consistorium (the imperial council), ...
quaestura exercitus: (from the article "Greece, history of") ...I and II, with Epirus Novus and Epirus Vetus, Thessaly, Achaea, and Crete. Further changes during the middle of the 6th century resulted in the establishment of a military command ...
quagga: (from the article "zebra") ...between the main stripes. The northern races of this species are more fully striped than the southern ones, in which the striping of the lower legs tends to give way ...
quahog: (from the article "quahog") edible species of clam (q.v.), usually referring to the species Mercenaria mercenaria. Small quahogs are called "cherrystones."characteristics of clamsclamMany species, ...
quail: any of 130 species of small, short-tailed game birds of the family Phasianidae (order Galliformes), resembling partridges but generally smaller and less robust. The 95 species of Old World quail ... [1 Related Articles]
quail dove: (from the article "columbiform") ...resembling Zenaida and Streptopelia-here represented by Geopelia-through the emerald doves and bronzewings (Chalcophaps and Phaps), to the Old World quail doves (Gallicolumba and various derivatives). Most of these quail doves ...
quail pattern: (from the article "Kakiemon ware") ...about 1680 and 1720 are markedly asymmetrical, with much of the white porcelain left untouched. The most famous Kakiemon decorative device shows sprigs of foliage and little quails-called the quail ...
Quaker: member of a Christian group (the Society of Friends, or Friends church) that stresses the guidance of the Holy Spirit, that rejects outward rites and an ordained ministry, and that ... [3 Related Articles]
Quaker Act: (from the article "Friends, Society of") ...what Puritans deemed tolerable. The Restoration of Charles II in 1660 was only a change of persecutors for the Quakers, with their former tormentors now sharing some of their sufferings. ...
Quaker Foods and Beverages: American manufacturer and marketer of foods and beverages, formed in August 2001 when PepsiCo, Inc., acquired the original Quaker Oats Company of Chicago, Illinois. The company operates as a division ... [1 Related Articles]
quaking aspen: (from the article "aspen") The common European aspen (P. tremula) and the American quaking, or trembling, aspen (P. tremuloides) are similar, reaching a height of 27 metres (90 feet). P. tremuloides is distinguished by ...
quaking grass: any of about 20 species of slender annual or perennial grasses making up the genus Briza (family Poaceae), named for the spikelets of open flower clusters, borne on long stalks, ...
qualitative chemical analysis: branch of chemistry that deals with the identification of elements or grouping of elements present in a sample. The techniques employed in qualitative analysis vary in complexity, depending on the ... [4 Related Articles]
qualitative data: (from the article "statistics") ...analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation. Data may be classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative data measure either how much or how many of something, and qualitative data ...
qualitative research: (from the article "marketing") ...when a restaurant asks its customers to rate different aspects of its service on a scale from 1 (good) to 10 (poor), this provides quantitative information that may be analyzed ...
qualitative variable: (from the article "statistics") For qualitative variables, the population proportion is a parameter of interest. A point estimate of the population proportion is given by the sample proportion. With knowledge of the sampling distribution ...
quality: (from the article "metaphysics") ...difficult, however, for the metaphysician to come up with more satisfactory answers of his own. Many metaphysicians have relied, in this connection, on the internally related notions of substance, quality, ...
quality control: (from the article "computer science") ...automatically and supply inventories decremented as manufacturing proceeds. An automated inspection system (or a manual inspection station supplied with online terminal entry) should be linked to a quality-control system that ...
quality factor: (from the article "electricity") ...The effect can be enhanced by the application of an alternating electric field of the same frequency as the natural mechanical vibration frequency of the crystal. Many of the crystals ...
quandong nut: edible seed of the native peach (Santalum acuminatum), a small shrubby tree of the sandalwood family (Santalaceae), native to Australia. Unlike other members of this family, the native peach is ...
Quang Ngai: town, central Vietnam, on the South China Sea coast. It is a minor port on the south bank of the Tra Khuc River estuary, 125 miles (200 km) southeast of ...
Quang Trung: (from the article "Tay Son Brothers") Nguyen Hue (later Emperor Quang Trung), the youngest and most capable of the brothers, overthrew the imperial Le dynasty (see Later Le dynasty) and the two rival feudal houses of ...
Quant, Mary: married name Mrs. A. Plunket Greene English dress designer of youth-oriented fashions, responsible in the 1960s for the "Chelsea look" of England and the widespread popularity of the miniskirt and ...
quantification: in logic, the attachment of signs of quantity to the predicate or subject of a proposition. The universal quantifier, symbolized by (∀-) or (-), where the blank is filled by ... [6 Related Articles]
quantifier: (from the article "logic") A natural language usually has various rhetorical devices for expressing quantifiers, and some languages-English, for example-occasionally do not even express the quantifier, letting the grammatical construction convey that information instead. ...
quantifier rearrangement: (from the article "formal logic") This may be called the rule of quantifier rearrangement.
quantifier transformation: (from the article "formal logic") This may be called the rule of quantifier transformation. It reflects, in a generalized form, the intuitive connections between "some" and "every" that were noted above.
quantitative chemical analysis: branch of chemistry that deals with the determination of the amount or percentage of one or more constituents of a sample. A variety of methods is employed for quantitative analyses, ... [6 Related Articles]
quantitative data: (from the article "statistics") A histogram is the most common graphical presentation of quantitative data that have been summarized in a frequency distribution. The values of the quantitative variable are shown on the horizontal ...
quantitative research: (from the article "marketing") Marketing research may be quantitative, qualitative, or a combination of both. Quantitative research is numerically oriented, requires significant attention to the measurement of market phenomena, and often involves statistical analysis. ...
quantitative theory of pain: (from the article "nervous system, human") There have always been two theories of the sensation of pain, a quantitative, or intensity, theory and a stimulus-specific theory. According to the former, pain results from excessive stimulation (e.g., ...
quantitative variable: (from the article "statistics") Data are the facts and figures that are collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation. Data may be classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative data measure either how ...
quantitative verse: in prosody, a metrical system based on the duration of the syllables that make up the feet, without regard for accents or stresses. Quantitative verse is made up of long ... [3 Related Articles]
quantity: (from the article "mechanics") Quantities have both dimensions, which are an expression of their fundamental nature, and units, which are chosen by convention to express magnitude or size. For example, a series of events ...
quantity theory of money: economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed form, it constitutes an analysis of the factors underlying inflation and deflation. ... [4 Related Articles]
quantization: (from the article "telecommunication") In order for a sampled signal to be stored or transmitted in digital form, each sampled amplitude must be converted to one of a finite number of possible values, or ...
quantization axis: (from the article "spectroscopy") ...mechanical angular momentum is quantized. Furthermore, it cannot be specified exactly along all three axes simultaneously. Usually, the angular momentum is specified along an axis known as the quantization axis, ...
quantization of magnetic flux: (from the article "superconductivity") ...properties, including the fact that any internal magnetic flux in superconductors exists only in discrete amounts (instead of in a continuous spectrum of values), an effect called the quantization of ...
quantized level: (from the article "hyperfine structure") ...its own axis. Energy states of the atom will be split into levels corresponding to slightly different energies. Each of these energy levels may be assigned a quantum number, and ...
Quantrill, William C.: captain of a guerrilla band irregularly attached to the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, notorious for the sacking of the free-state stronghold of Lawrence, Kan. (Aug. 21, 1863), ... [1 Related Articles]