(from the article "Wilberforce, William") ...trader who had repented and who had been the pastor at Wilberforce's church when he was a child. In 1787 Wilberforce helped to found a society for the "reformation of ...
the last major Greek philosopher. He was influential in helping Neoplatonic ideas to spread throughout the Byzantine, Islamic, and Roman worlds. [9 Related Articles]
(from the article "patristic literature") A number of theologians and ecclesiastics either prepared the way for or contributed to the Chalcedonian solution. Three who deserve mention are Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Proclus of Constantinople, and John ...
(from the article "Tereus") in Greek legend, king of Thrace, or of Phocis, who married Procne, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens. Later Tereus seduced his wife's sister Philomela, pretending that Procne was dead. ...
(from the article "bellbird") Four bellbird species live in Central and South America and constitute the genus Procnias, although only one, the white bellbird (P. alba), has a call that can actually be described ...
(from the article "reptile") ...and cowlike. Dermal sculpturing of large tuberosities and deep pits on skull; limbs well developed; often possess a robust limb and trunk skeleton.Upper Permian to Upper Triassic. Three ...
in the ancient Roman Republic, a consul whose powers had been extended for a definite period after his regular term of one year. From the mid-4th century BC the Romans ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "ape") ...deposits have yielded such fossils as Pliopithecus, once thought to be related to gibbons but now known to be primitive and long separated from them. Closer to the modern apes ...
(from the article "Leakey, Louis S.B.") Among the other important finds made by Leakey's team was the discovery in 1948 at Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria, Kenya, of the remains of Proconsul africanus, ...
(from the article "primate") ...diverged from the modern ape/human lineage before any of the living members of this group began to diverge from each other, and this led him to classify it in a ...
(from the article "ancient Rome") ...who was incapable and suspicious, had fallen under the influence of legists, such as the praetorian prefect Modestus. The beginning of Valens' reign was shadowed by the attempted usurpation of ...
(from the article "Cephalus") ...the vixen of Teumessus that had ravaged Boeotia. Ovid (Metamorphoses, Book VII) confused this Cephalus with Cephalus, son of Deion, king of Phocis, and husband of Procris, ...
in Greek legend, a robber dwelling somewhere in Attica-in some versions, in the neighbourhood of Eleusis. His father was said to be Poseidon. Procrustes had an iron bed (or, according ...
(from the article "Thames, Battle of the") After the U.S. naval triumph in the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813, the British commander at Detroit, Brigadier General Henry A. Procter, found his position untenable and began ...
(from the article "roads and highways") ...meet that demand. In 1585 the Italian engineer Guido Toglietta wrote a thoughtful treatise on a pavement system using broken stone that represented a marked advance on the heavy Roman ...
acute inflammatory infection of the anus and rectum. The most common cause of proctitis is the direct inoculation of pathogenic microorganisms into the rectum during anal intercourse, but it may ...
(from the article "proctitis") ...treatment are often complicated by the presence of multiple sexually transmitted infections in the same individual. When the infection extends beyond the rectum to the sigmoid colon, it is termed ...
in English law, formerly a practitioner in ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, who performed duties similar to those of solicitors in ordinary courts. After the Judicature Act of 1873, the title ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "diagnosis") A rigid, 25-centimetre sigmoidoscope is less expensive and allows direct visualization of the bowel, but it is less popular because of the greater discomfort its rigidity causes. The proctoscope and ...
(from the article "colorectal cancer") ...for abnormalities. A fecal test may also be used to detect the presence of blood in the stool. In order to examine the rectum more carefully, a physician may use ...
(from the article "diagnosis") Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. This disease is preventable if adenomatous polyps, protruding growths from the mucosal surface that can ...
in the former Soviet legal system, a government bureau concerned with ensuring administrative legality. The Soviet constitution invested the procurator general (Russian: generalny prokuror) with the responsibility of supervising the ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Cortes") ...in Catalonia from 1218, Valencia (1283), Aragon (1274), and Navarre (1300). The Cortes of Leon and Castile were composed of three estates: nobles, clergy, and the procuradores ...
government financial agent in ancient Rome. From the reign of the emperor Augustus (27 BC-AD 14), procurators were regularly appointed to official posts in the imperial administration of the provinces ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "crime") ...is not part of either the police or the judicial system; a wide variety of terms have been used to designate this official (e.g., district attorney in the state jurisdictions ...
(from the article "ministere public") ...prosecutor, with the responsibility for prosecuting criminal cases and representing the interests of society in civil litigation. The ministere public is represented by agents (procureurs) in most of the courts ...
(from the article "Cour de Cassation") ...five civil chambers, including those that dealt specifically with financial and commercial problems or with social problems. The court as a whole has a premier president and a chief prosecutor ...
(from the article "arthropod") ...and, with the muscle system, contributes to efficient locomotion. The exoskeleton is composed of a thin, outer protein layer, the epicuticle, and a thick, inner, chitin-protein layer, the procuticle. In ...
(from the article "cynodont") The suborder Cynodontia contains, according to some classifications, five families-Procynosuchidae, Galesauridae, Tritylodontidae, Chiniquodontidae, and Trithelodontidae. The first mammals probably derived from small carnivorous chiniquodontids or trithelodonts sometime in the Middle ...
brightest star in the northern constellation Canis Minor (Lesser Dog) and one of the brightest in the entire sky, with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.41. Procyon lies about 11 ... [3 Related Articles]
any of a group of tree-climbing mammals comprising raccoons, coatis, the New World ringtail, the cacomistle, and the kinkajou. Though the 18 species are classified as carnivores, procyonids are actually ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Everest, Mount") Several teams attempted to repeat the Yugoslav West Ridge direct route without success, until a Bulgarian team did so in 1984. The first Bulgarian to reach the summit, Christo Prodanov, ...
(from the article "Italy") ...as the fragile centre-left coalition government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi collapsed in February only to be replaced within days by a nearly identical government under Prodi's leadership. "Prodi bis," ...
Italian politician who was twice prime minister of Italy (1996-98; 2006-08) and who served as president of the European Commission (1999-2004). [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "logic, history of") Other authors too contributed to a growing Greek interest in inference and proof. Early rhetoricians and sophists-e.g., Gorgias, Hippias, Prodicus, and Protagoras (all 5th-century BC)-cultivated the art of defending or ...
a child who, by about age 10, performs at the level of a highly trained adult in a particular sphere of activity or knowledge. In this sense, neither high intelligence ...
(from the article "techno") ...touch of the Detroit originators and their inheritors Carl Craig and Jeff Mills, a rowdy, rock-and-roll mutant of techno invaded the American mainstream in 1997, with the success of albums ...
(from the article "virus") ...chickenpox, in which the growth of the specific virus in the mucosal cells of the throat during the first few days of infection usually results in mild fever and achiness; ...
(from the article "community ecology") The study of the coevolution between moths of the family Prodoxidae and their host plants illustrates the interplay of phylogeny and ecology. Prodoxid moths include some species that have become ...
(from the article "carbon cycle") ...many of which are essential to life on Earth. The source of the carbon found in living matter is carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air or dissolved in water. Algae ...
mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, usually coal, in an atmosphere ... [1 Related Articles]
in economics, goods manufactured and used in further manufacturing, processing, or resale. Producer goods either become part of the final product or lose their distinct identity in the manufacturing stream. ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "marketing") ...lines such as housewares or personal goods, primarily serve drug and grocery retailers. Rack jobbers typically perform such functions as delivery, shelving, inventory stacking, and financing. Producers' cooperatives-owned by their ...
(from the article "statistics") ...being used, the probabilities of erroneous decisions need to be considered. The error of rejecting a good-quality lot creates a problem for the producer; the probability of this error is ...
(from the article "regisseur") ...rehearsal of the actors, and the overall responsibility for the technical and economic aspects of the production. The position is similar to that of the director in the American theatre ...
(from the article "marketing") Productbarterbarterthe direct exchange of goods or services-without an intervening medium of exchange or money-either according to established rates of exchange
(from the article "arithmetic") ...multiplication is defined. The number 5 is called the multiplicand; the number 3, which denotes the number of summands, is called the multiplier; and the result 3 × 5 is called the ...
(from the article "cipher") ...without any change in the identity of the elements. In substitution systems, such elements are replaced by other objects or groups of objects without a change in their sequence. In ...
(from the article "aerospace industry") Initiation of the product development process differs between the military and commercial sectors. In the United States the defense services normally provide detailed mission specifications for desired products, against which ...
(from the article "monopoly and competition") The structure of a market is also affected by the extent to which those who buy from it prefer some products to others. In some industries the products are regarded ...
(from the article "liability insurance") Product liability and malpractice insurance present special problems because of the increasingly high cost of court awards of damages and because of the public's high expectations of product safety and ...
(from the article "Media and Publishing") A July report by PQ Media revealed that product placement, which influenced every segment of media, would increase 17.5% in magazines-to $161 million-in 2005. With the increased pressure for product ...
(from the article "Table II. Manufacturing Production in Eastern Europe1") All production systems, when viewed at the most abstract level, might be said to be "transformation processes"-processes that transform resources into useful goods and services. The transformation process typically uses ...
(from the article "biotechnology") ...decade, the biotechnology industry was dominated by recombinant DNA technology, or genetic engineering. This technique consists of splicing the gene for a useful protein (often a human protein) into production ...
(from the article "motion picture, history of the") An important aspect of the studio system was the Production Code, which was implemented in 1934 in response to pressure from the Legion of Decency and public protest against the ...
in economics, equation that expresses the relationship between the quantities of productive factors (such as labour and capital) used and the amount of product obtained. It states the amount of ... [5 Related Articles]
planning and control of industrial processes to ensure that they move smoothly at the required level. Techniques of production management are employed in service as well as in manufacturing industries. ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "automation") Three types of automation in production can be distinguished: (1) fixed automation, (2) programmable automation, and (3) flexible automation.elementsassembly lineassembly ...
(from the article "mass production") Similarly, a production line is usually designed to operate most efficiently at a specified rate. If the required production levels fall below that rate, operators and machines are being inefficiently ...
(from the article "nuclear reactor") The very first nuclear reactors were built for the express purpose of manufacturing plutonium for nuclear weapons, and the euphemism of calling them production reactors has persisted to this day. ...
(from the article "artificial intelligence") ...The interviewer, or knowledge engineer, organizes the information elicited from the experts into a collection of rules, typically of an "if-then" structure. Rules of this type are called production rules. ...
(from the article "logistics") Scheduling of production is done by others in the firm but with the assistance of the logistics staff. Production is scheduled in an attempt to balance demand for products with ...
in economics, an effort to explain the principles by which a business firm decides how much of each commodity that it sells (its "outputs" or "products") it will produce, and ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "production management") ...enough to justify continuous production, the production level might need to be adjusted from time to time to address fluctuating demand or changes in a company's market share. This is ...
in economics, the ratio of what is produced to what is required to produce it. Usually this ratio is in the form of an average, expressing the total output of ... [9 Related Articles]
(from the article "crustacean") ...in a series of stages, or molts. The hard exoskeleton prevents any increase in size except immediately after molting. The sequence of events during molting can be divided into four ...
(from the article "plant development") ...marked contrast, embryogenesis of the orchids is more simple. Except when a suspensor is formed, early cleavages follow no well-defined plan, and the product is an ovoid mass of tissue ...
(from the article "Demeter") ...growing vegetation. This festival is to be distinguished from the later sacrifice of a ram to the same goddess on the sixth of the month Thargelion, probably intended as an ...
(from the article "Gilbert & George") British collaborative team made up of Gilbert Proesch (b. Sept. 17, 1943Dolomites, Italy) and George Passmore(b. Jan. 8, 1942Plymouth, Devon, Eng.), whose dynamic and...
Macedonian pop singer-songwriter delighted fans across the Balkan region with his upbeat, often romantic pop music; his appeal-based in part on his good looks and clean-cut image-transcended ethnic divisions, and ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "dog") The heat cycle of the female lasts from 18 to 21 days. The first stage is called proestrus. It begins with mild swelling of the vulva and a bloody discharge. ...
in Greek mythology, a king of Argos, grandson of Danaus. He quarreled with his twin brother, Acrisius, and divided the kingdom with him, Proetus taking Tiryns, which he fortified with ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "ritual") Ritual behaviour, established or fixed by traditional rules, has been observed the world over and throughout history. In the study of this behaviour, the terms sacred (the transcendent realm) and ...
(from the article "classical scholarship") Associated with Germany was the movement toward what may be called professionalism during the second half of the 19th century. Though Wolf's example in founding a classical periodical in the ...
(from the article "Reagan, Ronald W.") In August 1981, 13,000 members of the national union of air traffic controllers, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO)-one of the few unions to endorse Reagan in the 1980 ...
(from the article "Olympic Champions, XX Winter Games, Turin") Just four years after he captured his first career title, Patrick Allen of the U.S. emerged as the bowler ranked number one in the world, earning honours as the 2005 ...
(from the article "chess") ...However, when Nigel Short of England won the right to challenge Kasparov for the championship in 1993, he and Kasparov decided instead to play the match under the auspices of ...
(from the article "cramp") Professional or occupational cramp is a functional spasm affecting certain muscles that are used constantly in a daily occupation. At first there is a gradually increasing difficulty, or clumsiness, in ...
(from the article "library") Most of the initiatives for the education and training of professionals have come from librarians or their professional associations. In the United States the first university school for librarians was ...
(from the article "fraternity and sorority") The membership of professional fraternities is limited to students and faculty members engaged in a particular field of specialization. Membership qualifications are broader than for the social groups and emphasize ...
(from the article "golf") ...them won the Open Championship 16 times between 1894 and 1914. These three supreme golfers were known as "the great triumvirate" and were primarily responsible for the formation of the ...
organization formed in the United States in 1916 at the instigation of Rodman Wanamaker, a Philadelphia businessman, with the stated purpose of promoting interest in professional golf, elevating the standards ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "United States") States moved aggressively to combat escalating medical-malpractice insurance premiums, which were widely blamed on personal-injury lawsuits. Thirteen legislatures approved malpractice-relief bills, but governors in three states (Connecticut, Iowa, and Missouri) ...
(from the article "teaching") Professional groups all over the world have organized for collective action to do two quite different things. One objective of a professional organization is to improve the economic status and ...
(from the article "Rodeo") When the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association's (PRCA's) 2005 season concluded in December, the sport witnessed an upset in the all-around cowboy championship-awarded to the cowboy with the most earnings in ...
(from the article "Squash") ...83-minute win over top-seeded Lee Beachill of England. Lincou, who was taken to five games in both the quarterfinals and the semifinals, became the first French competitor to capture the ...
(from the article "football (soccer)") The development of modern football was closely tied to processes of industrialization and urbanization in Victorian Britain. Most of the new, working-class inhabitants of Britain's industrial towns and cities gradually ...
(from the article "Profile Records") Hip-hop was scorned by the established music industry as a novelty idiom until 1986, when Run-D.M.C. enrolled Aerosmith's vocalist, Steven Tyler, and guitarist, Joe Perry, to take part in a ...
(from the article "Franconia Notch") ...km) south of Franconia village, has skiing facilities and an aerial tramway to its summit. One of the state's most famous landmarks, the Old Man of the Mountain (also called ...
(from the article "atmosphere") Remote-sensing systems called profilers have been developed to provide almost continuous measurements of wind and, somewhat less accurately, of moisture and temperature throughout the lowest 10 km (6 miles) of ...
(from the article "Earth exploration") Investigators can determine how resistivity varies over a given area by means of profiling methods, in which the location of an array of electrodes is altered but the same spacing ...
in business usage, the excess of total revenue over total cost during a specific period of time. In economics, profit is the excess over the returns to capital, land, and ... [16 Related Articles]
(from the article "accounting") The report in this exhibit employs the widely used profit contribution format, in which divisional results reflect sales and expenses traceable to the individual divisions, with no deduction for head ...
(from the article "production, theory of") The average and marginal cost curves just deduced are the keys to the solution of the second-level problem, the determination of the most profitable level of output to produce in ...
