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parabasis ... parchment
parabasis
an important choral ode in Greek Old Comedy delivered by the chorus at an intermission in the action while facing and moving toward the audience. It was used to express ...
parable
short fictitious narrative that illustrates a moral attitude, a doctrine, a standard of conduct, or a religious principle. The term originally referred to a Greek rhetorical figure, a kind of ...
parabola
open curve, a conic section produced by the intersection of a right circular cone and a plane parallel to an element of the cone. As a plane curve, it may ...
parabolic equation
any of a class of partial-differential equations arising in the mathematical analysis of diffusion phenomena, as in the heating of a slab. The simplest such equation in one dimension, uxx ...
paraboloid
an open surface generated by rotating a parabola (q.v.) about its axis. If the axis of the surface is the z axis and the vertex is at the origin, the ...
paracanthopterygian
any member of the superorder Paracanthopterygii, a predatory, primarily marine group that forms one of about six major branches of the Teleostei, or bony fishes, the dominant modern aquatic vertebrates. ...
Paracas
culture centred on the peninsula of the same name, located in present-day southern Peru in the vicinity of Ica, during the Early Horizon and the Early Intermediate periods (c. 900 ...
Paracel Islands
group of about 130 small coral islands and reefs in the South China Sea. They lie about 250 miles (400 km) east of central Vietnam and about 220 miles (350 ...
Paracelsus
German-Swiss physician and alchemist who established the role of chemistry in medicine. He published Der grossen Wundartzney ("Great Surgery Book") in 1536 and a clinical description of syphilis in 1530.
parachute
device that slows the vertical descent of a body falling through the atmosphere or the velocity of a body moving horizontally. The parachute increases the body's surface area, and this ...
parade
a type of pageant (q.v.) whose main feature is a public procession.
Paradip
town and major port of east-central Orissa state, eastern India, on the Bay of Bengal. It is situated on the delta of the Mahanadi River at the mouth of one ...
paradise
in religion, a place of exceptional happiness and delight. The term paradise is often used as a synonym for the Garden of Eden before the expulsion of Adam and Eve. ...
paradox
apparently self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutiny. The purpose of a paradox is to arrest attention and provoke fresh thought. The statement "Less ...
paradoxes of Zeno
statements made by the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea, a 5th-century-BC disciple of Parmenides, a fellow Eleatic, designed to show that any assertion opposite to the monistic teaching of Parmenides ...
Paradoxides
genus of trilobites (an extinct group of arthropods) found as fossils in Middle Cambrian rocks of North America and western Europe (the Cambrian Period lasted from 540 to 505 million ...
Paradoxides Series
rocks deposited during the Middle Cambrian Period in western Europe and Scandinavia and in eastern North America (the Middle Cambrian Period lasted from 520 to 512 million years ago). The ...
Paradzhanov, Sergey Yosifovich
Armenian director of lyrical, visually powerful films whose career was curtailed by official harassment and censorship.
paraffin hydrocarbon
any of the saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, C being a carbon atom, H a hydrogen atom, and n an integer. The paraffins are major constituents of natural ...
paraffin wax
colourless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 48° to 66° C (120° to 150° F). Paraffin ...
Parafusulina
genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (single-celled animals with a hard, complexly constructed shell) found as fossils in Permian marine rocks (the Permian Period began 286 million years ago and ended ...
paragenesis
the sequence in which the minerals are formed in an ore deposit. Variations in the pressure and temperature and in the chemical constituents of a hydrothermal solution will result in ...
paragliding
sport of flying parachutes with design modifications that enhance their gliding capabilities. Unlike hang gliders, their close relations, paragliders have no rigid framework; the parachute canopy acts as a wing ...
paragonimiasis
infection caused by Paragonimus westermani, or lung fluke, a parasitic worm some 8 to 12 mm (0.3 to 0.5 inch) long. It is common in Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, ...
paragonite
mica mineral similar to muscovite, a basic silicate of sodium and aluminum; a member of the common mica group. It was thought to be an uncommon mineral, but experiment and ...
Paraguacu River
river, in central and eastern Bahia estado ("state"), eastern Brazil. It rises in the Diamantina Upland and flows northward and then eastward for approximately 300 miles (500 km). The river ...
Paraguana Peninsula
Falcon estado ("state"), northwestern Venezuela. It lies between the Caribbean Sea on the east and the Gulf of Venezuela on the west. Of low elevation, the peninsula has infertile soil ...
Paraguari
city, southern Paraguay. It lies on the southern slopes of the forested extension of the Brazilian Highlands, including the Cordillera de los Altos, a mountainous chain that reaches westward to ...
Paraguay
country in south-central South America. A landlocked country, it is bordered by Bolivia to the northwest and north, Brazil to the northeast and east, and Argentina to the southeast, south, ...
Paraguay River
the fifth largest river in South America and the principal tributary of the Parana River (q.v.). Rising in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil at 980 feet (300 m) above ...
Paraiba
estado ("state") of northeastern Brazil. Primarily an agricultural state, Paraiba is bounded by the states of Rio Grande do Norte on the north, Ceara on the west, and Pernambuco on ...
Paraiba do Sul River
river, in eastern Brazil, formed by the junction of the Paraibuna and Paraitinga rivers, east of Sao Paulo, between Mogi das Cruzes and Jacarei. It flows east-northeastward, receiving tributaries from ...
parakeet
any of numerous seed-eating parrots of small size, slender build, and long, tapering tail. In this sense the name is given to some 115 species in 30 genera of the ...
Parakou
town and administrative capital of Borgou province, central Benin (formerly Dahomey), West Africa. It is the terminus of the so-called Benin-Niger Railway, which was originally planned to extend to the ...
Parakramabahu I
Sinhalese king of Ceylon (1153-86) who united the island under one rule, reformed Buddhist practices, and sent successful expeditionary forces to India and Burma.
paraldehyde
colourless liquid of disagreeable taste and pungent odour used in medicine as a sedative-hypnotic drug and in chemistry in the manufacture of organic chemicals. When administered as a medicine, it ...
parallax
in astronomy, the difference in direction of a celestial object as seen by an observer from two widely separated points. The measurement of parallax is used directly to find the ...
parallel
imaginary line extending around the Earth parallel to the equator; it is used to indicate latitude. The 38th parallel, for example, has a latitude of 38° N or 38° S. ...
parallel bars
gymnastics apparatus invented in the early 19th century by the German Friedrich Jahn, usually considered the father of gymnastics. It is especially useful in improving upper-body strength. The two bars, ...
parallel evolution
the evolution of geographically separated groups in such a way that they show morphological resemblances. A notable example is the similarity shown by the marsupial mammals of Australia to the ...
parallelism
in rhetoric, component of literary style in both prose and poetry, in which coordinate ideas are arranged in phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal ...
paralysis
loss or impairment of voluntary muscular movement caused by structural abnormalities of nervous or muscular tissue or by metabolic disturbances in neuromuscular function. Paralysis can affect the legs and lower ...
paramagnetism
kind of magnetism characteristic of materials weakly attracted by a strong magnet, named and extensively investigated by the British scientist Michael Faraday beginning in 1845. Most elements and some compounds ...
Paramanuchit
prince-patriarch of the Siamese Buddhist church who was a prolific writer on patriotic and moralistic themes in verse and prose. He became abbot of Watphra Jetubon and was later created ...
Paramaribo
largest town, capital, and chief port of Suriname (formerly Dutch, or Netherlands, Guiana). It lies 9 miles (15 km) from the Atlantic Ocean on the Suriname River. It originated as ...
Paramecium
genus of free-living protozoans of the holotrichous order Hymenostomatida. There are at least eight well-defined species; all can be cultivated easily in the laboratory. Although they vary in size, most ...
paramedical personnel
health-care workers who provide clinical services to patients under the supervision of a physician. The term generally encompasses nurses, therapists, technicians, and other ancillary personnel involved in medical care but ...
parameter
in mathematics, a variable for which the range of possible values identifies a collection of distinct cases in a problem. Any equation expressed in terms of parameters is a parametric ...
parameters, variation of
general method for finding a particular solution of a differential equation by replacing the constants in the solution of a related (homogeneous) equation by functions and determining these functions so ...
paramita
in Mahayana ("Greater Vehicle") Buddhism, any of the perfections, or transcendental virtues, practiced by bodhisattvas ("Buddhas-to-be") in advanced stages of their path toward enlightenment. The six virtues are generosity (dana-paramita); ...
Paramount Communications Inc.
American corporation that was acquired by Viacom Inc. (q.v.) in 1994.
Paramount Pictures Corporation
one of the first and most successful of the Hollywood motion-picture studios.
Parana
estado ("state") of southern Brazil, bounded to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the state of Santa Catarina, on the southwest by Argentina, on the west ...
Parana
city, capital of Entre Rios provincia, northeastern Argentina. It lies on the Parana River, opposite Sante Fe, with which it is connected by a subfluvial road tunnel. Founded as a ...
Parana pine
an important evergreen timber conifer of the family Araucariaceae, native to the mountains of southern Brazil. The Parana pine grows to 30 m (100 feet) high and bears branches in ...
Parana Plateau
lava plateau, one of the world's largest, lying mostly in Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo states, southern Brazil. Its formations of solidified sheets of lava rock (diabase) also ...
Parana River
river of South America, the second longest after the Amazon, rising on the plateau of southeast-central Brazil and flowing generally south to the point where, after a course of 3,032 ...
Paranagu
port, southeastern Parana estado (state), southern Brazil, on Paranagua Bay. The city lies at the foot of the coastal Serra do Mar, 18 miles (29 km) from ...
Paranaiba River
south central Brazil, rising on the western slopes of the Serra da Mata da Corda and flowing west-southwestward for about 600 mi (1,000 km); it collects eight sizable tributaries along ...
Paranapanema River
river, rising south of Sao Paulo in the Serra do Paranapiacaba, southeastern Brazil, and flowing in a west-northwesterly direction for 560 mi (900 km) before entering the Parana River at ...
Parandowski, Jan
Polish writer, essayist, and translator.
Parangaba
city, northern Ceara state, northeastern Brazil, immediately southwest of Fortaleza, the state capital, and part of its metropolitan area. Until the 1940s it was a small cotton-producing centre on the ...
paranoia
the central theme of a group of psychotic disorders characterized by systematic delusions and of the nonpsychotic paranoid personality disorder. The word paranoia was used by the ancient Greeks, apparently ...
paraphrase
in music, the recomposition of a phrase, melody, section, or entire piece for use in another, favoured especially during the Renaissance for masses and motets, but also for keyboard works, ...
paraplegia
paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body. Paraplegia often involves loss of sensation (of pain, temperature, vibration, and position) as well as loss of motion. It may ...
parapsychological phenomenon
any of several types of events that cannot be accounted for by natural law or knowledge apparently acquired by other than usual sensory abilities. The discipline concerned with investigating such ...
Paraschwagerina
genus of extinct fusulinid foraminiferans (protozoans with a relatively large shell readily preservable in the fossil record), the fossils of which are restricted to marine rocks; the animal probably lived ...
parasitism
relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, without killing it. Parasitism is differentiated from parasitoidism, a relationship in which ...
parasitology
the study of animal and plant parasitism as a biological phenomenon. Parasites occur in virtually all major animal groups and in many plant groups, with hosts as varied as the ...
Parasurama
(Sanskrit: "Rama with the Ax"), sixth of the 10 avataras (incarnations) of the Hindu god Vishnu. The Mahabharata ("Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty") and the Puranas ("Ancient Lore") record ...
parathion
an organic phosphorus compound well known as an insecticide that is extremely toxic to humans. The compound acts in mammals, as in insects, as a cholinesterase inhibitor (cholinesterase being the ...
parathyroid adenoma
uncommon disorder characterized by loss of mineral materials from the skeleton, the development of brown cystic bone tumours and of kidney stones, and progressive kidney insufficiency. Increase in the number ...
parathyroid gland
endocrine gland occurring in all vertebrate species from amphibia upward, usually located close to and behind the thyroid gland and secreting parathormone, a hormone that regulates and maintains a normal ...
paratyphoid fever
infectious disease similar to typhoid, though usually milder, caused by any of several organisms: Salmonella paratyphi (paratyphoid A), S. schottmulleri (paratyphoid B), or S. hirschfeldii (paratyphoid C). The means of ...
Parbhani
city, east-central Maharashtra state, western India, on the Manmad-Hyderabad railway, about 10 miles (16 km) south of the Dudna River. Its name refers to the Prabhavati Temple, which was forcibly ...
parchment
the processed skins of certain animals-chiefly sheep, goats, and calves-that have been prepared for the purpose of writing on them. The name apparently derives from the ancient Greek city of ...