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Pollack, Sydney Irwin ... polybutylene terephthalate

Pollack, Sydney Irwin: American director, producer, and actor directed numerous television shows and more than a score of movies, including the epic romance Out of Africa (1985), a period piece set in colonial ... [2 Related Articles]
Pollaiuolo brothers: Italian brothers who, as sculptors, painters, engravers, and goldsmiths, produced myriad works together under a combined signature. Antonio del Pollaiuolo (original name Antonio di Jacopo d'Antonio Benci; b. Jan. 17, ...
Pollaiuolo, Antonio del: (from the article "Pollaiuolo brothers") The brothers received the name of Pollaiuolo because their father was alleged to have been a poulterer (from pollaio ["hen coop"]). Antonio learned goldsmithing and metalworking from either Vittore Ghiberti ...
Pollaiuolo, Piero del: (from the article "Pollaiuolo brothers") ...alleged to have been a poulterer (from pollaio ["hen coop"]). Antonio learned goldsmithing and metalworking from either Vittore Ghiberti (son of Lorenzo) or Andrea del Castagno. Piero probably learned painting ...
Pollan, Michael: (from the article "Literature") Among works of nonfiction prose, there were some towering successes, such as The Omnivore's Dilemma, Michael Pollan's best-selling book about the origins of the stuff of four representative American meals; ...
Pollard script: (from the article "Hmong-Mien languages") Two original writing systems developed for the Hmong language have enjoyed some success. Between 1904 and 1936 the missionary Samuel Pollard invented the Pollard script for writing A-Hmao, a Hmongic ...
Pollard, A F: English historian who was the leading Tudor scholar of the early 20th century.
Pollard, C. William: (from the article "ServiceMaster Company, The") ...1967. Wade died in 1973, but his successors expanded the business, reaching $7.7 billion in annual sales by the end of the 20th century. In the 1990s ServiceMaster's chief executive ...
Pollard, Fritz: pioneering African American player and coach in American collegiate and professional gridiron football. He was the first African American selected to a backfield position on Walter Camp's All-America team (1916) ...
Pollard, Henry Graham: (from the article "forgery") ...scholars from Europe and the United States. He constantly exposed piracies and forgeries and always denied that he was a dealer. The shock was accordingly the greater in 1934 when ...
Pollard, Jonathan: (from the article "intelligence") The Lekem Bureau of Scientific Relations was a small, clandestine intelligence organization that recruited spies in Western countries until it was disbanded in 1986 following the arrest of Jonathan Pollard, ...
Pollard, Marjorie: field hockey player who became one of England's greatest players. She was also editor of Hockey Field magazine from 1946 to 1970.
Pollard, Red: (from the article "Seabiscuit") ...o' War) out of Swing On, Seabiscuit developed slowly as a two- and three-year-old. When purchased by Charles Howard in 1936, he had lost every race he had entered. With ...
pollarding: cutting of top tree branches back to the trunk, leaving club-headed stems that grow a thick head of new branches. The purpose in some areas is to limit the area ... [1 Related Articles]
Polled Hereford: (from the article "Selected breeds of beef cattle") In the United States a Polled Hereford strain was developed around 1900 by selecting naturally hornless registered Herefords. The number of Polled Herefords has increased rapidly; herds are found throughout ...
Polled Shorthorn: (from the article "Shorthorn") Within the breed, special strains have been developed, notably the Milking or Dairy Shorthorn, raised for both milk and beef production, and the Polled Shorthorn, a hornless variety.
pollen: a mass of microspores in a seed plant appearing usually as a fine dust. Each pollen grain is a minute body, of varying shape and structure, formed in the anther, ... [23 Related Articles]
pollen sac: (from the article "Magnoliidae") There are usually two pairs of microspore- (pollen-) producing sacs in an immature, developing stamen, each divided by a partition to make four compartments. The stamens of the most primitive ...
pollen stratigraphy: (from the article "Cretaceous Period") ...with larger foraminiferans to zone sediments of the Tethyan regions in parts of Europe. Echinoids and belemnites have been used together to zone the Late Cretaceous of eastern England. Angiosperm ...
pollen tube: (from the article "angiosperm") The pollen tube ultimately enters an ovule through the micropyle and penetrates one of the sterile cells on either side of the egg (synergids). These synergids begin to degenerate immediately ...
Pollen, Daniel: Irish-born physician, prime minister of New Zealand (1875-76), and a public figure who combined business and politics with his profession and worked for such liberal causes as the enfranchisement of ...
Pollentia: ancient town in the territory of the Statielli in Liguria, northern Italy, located 10 miles north of Augusta Bagiennorum (Vagienna) on the Tenarus (Tanaro) River. Its position on the road ... [1 Related Articles]
Pollicipes elegans: (from the article "cirripede") ...pedunculate barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes, is served in gourmet restaurants and occasionally becomes locally depleted. Two related species in the eastern Pacific, P. polymerus and P. elegans, from the northeastern and ...
Pollicipes pollicipes: (from the article "cirripede") Barnacles are used as food in some countries. In Portugal and Spain a local intertidal pedunculate barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes, is served in gourmet restaurants and occasionally becomes locally depleted. Two ...
Pollicipes polymerus: (from the article "cirripede") ...a local intertidal pedunculate barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes, is served in gourmet restaurants and occasionally becomes locally depleted. Two related species in the eastern Pacific, P. polymerus and P. elegans, from ...
pollinarium: (from the article "orchid") ...the caudicles, which are derived from the anther. Orchids that have a stipe also have caudicles that connect the pollinia to the apex of the stipe. The pollinia, stipe, and ...
pollination: transfer of pollen grains from the stamens, the flower parts that produce them, to the ovule-bearing organs or to the ovules (seed precursors) themselves. In plants such as conifers and ... [59 Related Articles]
polling: (from the article "telecommunications network") A variation of TDMA is the process of polling, in which a central controller asks each node in turn if it requires channel access, and a node transmits a packet ...
pollinium: (from the article "orchid") The pollen grains are usually bound together by threads of a clear, sticky substance (viscin) in masses called pollinia. Two basic kinds of pollinia exist: one has soft, mealy packets ...
Pollino, Mount: (from the article "Calabria") ...valley near Sibari, of the Marchesato (territory) near Crotone (Crotona), of Sant'Eufemia, and of Gioia Tauro. In the north, Calabria is linked to the Appennino Lucano of the Apennine Range ...
Pollio, Gaius Asinius: Roman orator, poet, and historian who wrote a contemporary history that, although lost, provided much of the material for Appian and Plutarch. [1 Related Articles]
Pollitt, Harry: British Communist, general secretary (1929-39, 1941-56) and chairman (1956-60) of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).
pollock: (Pollachius, or Gadus, virens), North Atlantic fish of the cod family, Gadidae. It is known as saithe, or coalfish, in Europe. The pollock is an elongated fish, deep green with ... [2 Related Articles]
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company: (1895), U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court voided portions of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894 that imposed a direct tax on the incomes of American citizens and ... [5 Related Articles]
Pollock, Charles: (from the article "Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company") Charles Pollock, a citizen of Massachusetts who owned 10 shares of the company's stock, filed a lawsuit seeking to enjoin the company from carrying out its stated intention to comply ...
Pollock, Jackson: American painter who was a leading exponent of Abstract Expressionism, an art movement characterized by the free-associative gestures in paint sometimes referred to as "action painting." During his lifetime he ... [10 Related Articles]
Pollock, Sir Frederick, 3rd Baronet: English legal scholar, noted for his History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I, 2 vol. (with F.W. Maitland, 1895), and for his correspondence over 60 years with ... [2 Related Articles]
pollution: the addition of any substance or form of energy (e.g., heat, sound, radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, breakdown, recycling, ... [46 Related Articles]
pollution: (from the article "caste") ...to raise themselves in the social order. Such efforts have been more successful in the case of low but ritually pure castes than in the case of those living below ...
pollution control: (from the article "bacteria") ...filtration, and chlorination-are designed to remove these and any other microorganisms and infectious agents that may be present in water that is intended for human consumption. Also, sewage treatment is ...
Pollux: brightest star in the zodiacal constellation Gemini (q.v.). A reddish giant star, it has an apparent visual magnitude of 1.15. The stars Castor and Pollux are named for the mythological ... [2 Related Articles]
Pollux, Julius: Greek scholar and rhetorician. The emperor Commodus appointed him to a chair of rhetoric in Athens. He wrote an Onomasticon, a Greek thesaurus of terms. The 10-volume work, which has ... [1 Related Articles]
polnische Geige: (from the article "stringed instrument") ...Eurasia in perhaps the 10th century. Though many different applications of the bowing principle existed in medieval and Renaissance Europe, one direct ancestor of the violin may have been the ...
polo: game played on horseback between two teams of four players each who use mallets with long, flexible handles to drive a wooden ball down a grass field and between two ... [11 Related Articles]
polo pony: (from the article "polo") Restrictions on size were removed after World War I, and the term pony is purely traditional. The mount is a full-sized horse and should have docility, speed, endurance, and intelligence. ...
Polo Ralph Lauren Corp.: (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...and debit-card numbers had possibly been obtained by someone outside the company who had gained access to the information via a firm that processed credit-card transactions. Clothing retailer Polo Ralph ...
Polo, Maffeo: (from the article "Polo, Marco") ...early years except that he probably grew up in Venice. He was age 15 or 16 when his father and uncle returned to meet him and learned that the pope, ...
Polo, Marco: Venetian merchant and adventurer, who traveled from Europe to Asia in 1271-95, remaining in China for 17 of those years, and whose Il milione ("The Million"), known ... [18 Related Articles]
Polo, Niccolo: (from the article "Polo, Marco") ...about Marco's early years except that he probably grew up in Venice. He was age 15 or 16 when his father and uncle returned to meet him and learned that ...
Polochic River: river in eastern Guatemala. Its major headstreams arise in the Chama and Minas mountain ranges. Flowing eastward for 150 miles (240 km), it forms a delta in Lake Izabal, south ...
poloidal field: (from the article "fusion reactor") ...The magnetic lines of force are helixes that spiral around the torus. The helical magnetic field has two components: (1) a toroidal component, which points the long way around the ...
Polokwane: city, capital of Limpopo province, South Africa. It is located about midway between Pretoria and the Zimbabwe border, at an elevation of 4,199 feet (1,280 metres). It was founded by ...
polonaise: in dance, dignified ceremonial dance that from the 17th to 19th century often opened court balls and other royal functions. Likely once a warrior's triumphal dance, it was adopted by ...
polonaise: in clothing, a coatlike dress, originally worn by Polish women, that was extremely popular in the 1770s and 1780s in western Europe and North America. It consisted of a fitted ...
Polonaise carpet: any of various handwoven floor coverings with pile of silk, made in Esfahan and other weaving centres of Persia in the late 16th and 17th centuries, at first for court ... [1 Related Articles]
polonium: a radioactive, silvery-gray or black metallic element of the oxygen group (Group 16 [VIa] in the periodic table). The first element to be discovered by radiochemical analysis, polonium was discovered ... [5 Related Articles]
polonium-210: (from the article "alpha decay") ...and a mass of four units, their emission from nuclei produces daughter nuclei having a positive nuclear charge or atomic number two units less than their parents and a mass ...
Polonius: councillor to King Claudius and the father of Ophelia and Laertes in Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. He is especially known for his maxim-filled speech ("Neither a borrower nor ... [2 Related Articles]
Polonization: (from the article "Ukraine") ...noble estate of Lithuania and Poland. Long attached to the Orthodox religion and the Ruthenian language and customs, the Ruthenian nobility in the late 16th century became increasingly prone to ...
Polonnaruwa: town, north-central Sri Lanka (Ceylon), near the Mahaweli River. It is an ancient Ceylonese capital that was long deserted but has been revived in modern times. Polonnaruwa (Polonnaruva) became the ... [3 Related Articles]
Polotsk: city, Vitebsk oblast (province), Belarus. It is situated on the Western Dvina River at its confluence with the Polota. Polotsk, first mentioned in 862, has always been a major trading ...
Polotsky, Simeon: (from the article "Fyodor III") The eldest son of Alexis (reigned 1645-76), Fyodor not only was educated in the traditional subjects of Russian and Church Slavonic but also was tutored in Polish and Latin by ...
Polperro: (from the article "Cornwall") ...Tourism, capitalizing on the attractive physical environment, now provides the major source of income, especially along the coast, where many small fishing ports-such as St. Ives, Newquay, and Polperro-are busy ...
pols: (from the article "polska") ...step. Among its varieties, the gammal polska, or old polska, is the simplest and probably the oldest. The lively and very popular hambo is a 19th-century offshoot of the gammal ...
polska: (Swedish: Polish), Scandinavian folk dance originating in the 16th century, possibly influenced by Polish courtly dances. Polska in Finland refers nonspecifically to many dances in 34 time, both for individual ...
Poltava: city, east-central Ukraine. It lies along the Vorskla River. Archaeological evidence dates the city from the 8th to the 9th century, although the first documentary reference is from 1174, when ...
Poltava, Battle of: (June 27 [July 8, New Style], 1709), the decisive victory of Peter I the Great of Russia over Charles XII of Sweden in the Great Northern War. The battle ended ... [8 Related Articles]
poltergeist: (from German Polter, "noise" or "racket"; Geist, "spirit"), in occultism, a disembodied spirit or supernatural force credited with certain malicious or disturbing phenomena, such as inexplicable noises, sudden wild movements, ...
poludnitsa: in Slavic mythology, female field spirit, generally seen either as a tall woman or a girl dressed in white. The poludnitsa customarily appears in the field at noon, when the ...
Polus: (from the article "directing") ...actors, however, was probably being regularly practiced as early as the 4th century BC, when the Greek political orator Demosthenes is said to have been given lessons in speech by ...
Poluy: (from the article "Ob River") ...Synya rivers from the left. These main channels are reunited below Shuryshkary into a single stream that is up to 12 miles (19 km) wide and 130 feet (40 metres) ...
poly(diiododiacetylene): (from the article "Physical Sciences") ...a Lewis base, associated with the C-I bonds that were weakly Lewis acidic in the C₄I₂ molecule. That bonding pattern helped to create a scaffold that allowed the formation of ...
poly-2-hydroxy butyrate: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") Several degradable polyesters are commercially available. These include polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly-2-hydroxy butyrate (PHB), and polycaprolactone (PCL), as well as their copolymers:
Polya, George: (from the article "combinatorics") The general problem of which the necklace problem is a special case was solved by the Hungarian-born U.S. mathematician George Polya in a famous 1937 memoir in which he established ...
polyacetal: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") Also called polyoxymethylene (POM) or simply acetal, polyacetal has the simplest structure of all the polyethers. It is manufactured in a solution process by anionic or cationic chain-growth polymerization of ...
polyacetylene: (from the article "Physical Sciences") ...alternating, repeating triple bonds are attractive to chemists for their ability to form mechanically stiff structures and for their potential to conduct electricity. The simplest such molecule is polyacetylene, but ...
polyacrylate elastomer: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") Acrylic esters, copolymerized with small amounts (approximately 5 percent) of another monomer containing a reactive halogen, can form polymer chains that interlink at the halogen sites. These so-called polyacrylate elastomers ...
polyacrylic compound: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") Acrylic is a generic term denoting derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acid, including acrylic esters and compounds containing nitrile and amide groups. Polymers based on acrylics were discovered before many ...
polyacrylonitrile: any of a class of resinous, fibrous, or rubbery substances belonging to the family of organic polymers based on acrylonitrile. Almost all polyacrylonitrile resins are copolymers (q.v.), made from mixtures ... [3 Related Articles]
Polyaenus: Macedonian rhetorician and pleader who lived in Rome and was the author of a work entitled Strategica (or Strategemata), which he dedicated to the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus ...
Polyakov, Valery Vladimirovich: Russian cosmonaut who holds the record for the longest single spaceflight in history. [3 Related Articles]
Polyalthia longifolia: (from the article "Magnoliales") Polyalthia longifolia is a tall, handsome tree with pendent linear leaves that is cultivated in most parts of Sri Lanka and India as an avenue tree and around temples for ...
Polyalthia longifolia pendula: (from the article "Annonaceae") A handsome ornamental of the family is the weeping form of the mast tree (Polyalthia longifolia pendula), of Sri Lanka. Its shining, brilliant green, willowy, wavy-edged leaves hang from pendant ...
polyamide: (from the article "carboxylic acid") Polyamides can be formed by two different methods. The first is the condensation of molecules that contain both a carboxyl and an amino (NH₂or NH) group. This is the method ...
polyamide ink: (from the article "flexography") ...used can be overlaid to achieve brilliant colours and special effects. Among the fluid inks used in flexography are aniline inks (aniline dyes dissolved in alcohol or some other volatile ...
polyamideimide: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") ...C (300° F). Unlike the polyamide, the polyimide is insoluble and infusible. Kapton is stable in inert atmospheres at temperatures up to 500° C (930° F). Related commercial products are ...
polyandry: (from the article "hymenopteran") ...building a nest or feeding and tending the brood. The continued survival of the colony results from the fact that young queens replace the old and that queens mate with ...
polyandry: marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time; the term derives from the Greek polys, "many," and aner, andros, "man." When the husbands in a ... [2 Related Articles]
Polyanov, Treaty of: (from the article "Thirty Years' War") ...Baltic power coveted by Sweden, pushed its own ambitions by attacking Russia and establishing a dictatorship in Moscow under Wladyslaw, Poland's future king. The Russo-Polish Peace of Polyanov in 1634 ...
polyantha rose: (from the article "rose") ...blooming but fragile tea roses with vigorous hybrid perpetual roses. The hybrid perpetuals achieved great popularity until they were supplanted by the hybrid teas in the early 20th century. Polyantha ...
polyarteritis nodosa: inflammation of blood vessels and surrounding tissue; it may affect functioning of adjacent organs. The cause of polyarteritis nodosa is unknown. The word nodosa ("knotty") forms part of the name ... [3 Related Articles]
polyarthralgia: (from the article "connective tissue disease") ...men. The initial symptoms, which usually appear in the third to fifth decade of life, include painless swelling or thickening of the skin of the hands and fingers, pain and ...
polyatomic ion: (from the article "Common polyatomic ions") A special type of ionic compound is exemplified by ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), which contains two polyatomic ions, NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻. As the name suggests, a polyatomic ion is a charged ...
polyatomic molecule: (from the article "molecule") ...diatomic molecule, while if the atoms are different, as in the carbon monoxide molecule (CO), they make up a heteronuclear diatomic molecule. Molecules containing more than two atoms are termed ...
polybasite: heavy, black sulfosalt mineral, a sulfide of the elements silver, copper, and antimony ([Ag, Cu]₁₆Sb₂S₁₁), that occurs as monoclinic crystals and masses in silver veins, sometimes in large amounts.
polybenzimidazole: (from the article "Marvel, Carl Shipp") ...the U.S. space program, he developed the technique of cyclopolymerization. In one of the most important advances in the chemistry of high-temperature polymers during the 1960s, Marvel synthesized polybenzimidazoles (PBIs), ...
Polybia: (from the article "hymenopteran") The first evolutionary step toward a division of labour occurs in Polybia. Some female Polybia only lay eggs. In others, called assisting females, the gonads are poorly developed; these females ...
Polybius: Greek statesman and historian who wrote of the rise of Rome to world prominence. [16 Related Articles]
Polybius checkerboard: (from the article "cryptology") ...cryptography, making it the earliest treatise on the subject. Another Greek, Polybius (c. 200-118 BC), devised a means of encoding letters into pairs of symbols by a device called the ...
polybutadiene: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") Butadiene (CH₂&doublehorzbond;CH&singlehorzbond;CH&doublehorzbond;CH₂) is produced by the dehydrogenation of butene or butane or by the cracking of petroleum distillates. It is polymerized to polybutadiene by solution methods, using anionic or Ziegler-Natta ...
polybutylene terephthalate: (from the article "industrial polymers, major") PBT, a strong and highly crystalline engineering plastic, is similar in structure to PET but has a lower melting point, so that it can be processed at lower temperatures. It ...