| | - Plitvice Lakes
- continuous chain of 16 lakes and many waterfalls in western Croatia. The chain, 5 mi (8 km) in length, begins two mountain streams that join near Plitvicki Ljeskovac to form ...
- Plitvice Lakes National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") ...into Lake Kozjak, the largest. Of the many cascades and falls, Plitvice and the Sastavci falls are the most spectacular, particularly during the spring snow melt. The lakes are the ...
- Pliva
- (from the article "Croatia") Economically, the year was marked by a war between Iceland-based Actavis and American Barr Pharmaceuticals over acquisition of stock in the Croatian pharmaceutical company Pliva, Eastern Europe's biggest drugmaker. On ...
- ploce
- the emphatic repetition of a word, with particular reference to its special significance (as in "a wife who was a wife indeed"). In rhetoric the term signifies the repetition of ...
- Ploceidae
- songbird family, order Passeriformes, including the bishop, weaver, and whydah groups and Old World sparrows. The 135 to 155 species are native chiefly to Africa-but several have been introduced elsewhere. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Plock
- city, Mazowieckie wojewodztwo (province), central Poland, on the Vistula River. [1 Related Articles]
- Plocnick, Battle of
- (from the article "Murad I") In 1387 or 1388 a coalition of northern Serbian princes and Bosnians stopped the Ottomans at Plocnik, but in 1389 Murad and his son Bayezid (later Bayezid I) defeated them ...
- ploidy
- in genetics, the number of chromosomes occurring in the nucleus of a cell. In normal somatic (body) cells, the chromosomes exist in pairs. The condition is called diploidy. During meiosis ... [1 Related Articles]
- Ploiesti
- city, capital of Prahova judet (county), southeastern Romania. It is situated between the valleys of the Prahova and Teleajen rivers, north of Bucharest. According to legend the city was named ...
- Plombieres Agreement
- (from the article "Italy") ...Although he did not outlaw conspiratorial movements, Cavour was determined to solve the Italian question by international politics rather than by revolution. At a secret conference held at Plombieres, France, ...
- Plomer, William
- South African-born British man of letters, whose writing covered many genres: poetry, novels, short stories, memoirs, and even opera librettos. [1 Related Articles]
- Plomin, Robert
- (from the article "personality") ...a family but to the environment that is unique to each member of the family or that results from interactions of family members with one another. In the United States, ...
- plot
- in fiction, the structure of interrelated actions, consciously selected and arranged by the author. Plot involves a considerably higher level of narrative organization than normally occurs in a story or ... [6 Related Articles]
- Plot, Robert
- (from the article "Earth sciences") ...World") suggested that the tides pump seawater through hidden channels to points of outlet at springs. To explain the rise of subterranean water beneath mountains, the chemist Robert Plot appealed ...
- Plotina, Pompeia
- wife of the Roman emperor Trajan. She earned great respect in her lifetime by her virtue and her advocation of the people's interests. During the ceremony of Trajan's accession, she ... [1 Related Articles]
- Plotinus
- ancient philosopher, the centre of an influential circle of intellectuals and men of letters in 3rd-century Rome, who is regarded by modern scholars as the founder of the Neoplatonic school ... [21 Related Articles]
- Plotosus
- (from the article "mechanoreception") ...Such structures, for example, are found on the head of all the elasmobranchs (e.g., sharks and rays), and are called ampullae of Lorenzini. Similar organs include those on the head ...
- Plott hound
- (from the article "coonhound") ...and is valued for trailing big game as well as raccoons. The bluetick is mottled blue-gray with black and reddish brown markings; it is characterized as a swift, active, and ...
- plotter
- (from the article "dead reckoning") A number of devices used for the determination of dead reckoning-such as a plotter (a protractor attached to a straightedge) and computing charts, now chiefly used by operators of smaller ...
- Ploucquet, Gottfried
- (from the article "logic, history of") The work of Gottfried Ploucquet (1716-90) was based on the ideas of Leibniz, although the symbolic calculus Ploucquet developed does not resemble that of Leibniz (see illustration). The basis of ...
- Plougastel Bridge
- (from the article "Freyssinet, Eugene") ...and built many reinforced-concrete bridges, including one with a 300-foot (91-metre) span. From the end of World War I until 1928 he worked for a contracting firm, and in 1930 ...
- Plovdiv
- second largest city of Bulgaria, situated in the south-central part of the country. It lies along the Maritsa River and is situated amid six hills that rise from the Thracian ... [2 Related Articles]
- plover
- any of numerous species of plump-breasted birds of the shorebird family Charadriidae (order Charadriiformes). There are about three dozen species of plovers, 15 to 30 centimetres (6 to 12 inches) ... [4 Related Articles]
- plow
- most important agricultural implement since the beginning of history, used to turn and break up soil, to bury crop residues, and to help control weeds. [7 Related Articles]
- plow sole
- (from the article "agricultural technology") Tillage, particularly conventional plowing, may create a hardpan, or plow sole; that is, a compacted layer just below the zone disturbed by tillage. Such layers are more prevalent with increasing ...
- Plowce, Battle of
- (from the article "Poland") ...Wladyslaw sought unsuccessfully to regain Pomerania through lawsuits and papal arbitration, but the Knights ignored the verdicts. A major battle with the invading Knights fought at Plowce in 1331 was ...
- Plowright, Joan
- English dramatic actress.
- Plowshare, Project
- (from the article "Teller, Edward") ...to keep the United States ahead of the Soviet Union in nuclear arms. He opposed the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, and ...
- Plucker, Julius
- German mathematician and physicist who made fundamental contributions to analytic and projective geometry as well as experimental physics. [4 Related Articles]
- plug bayonet
- (from the article "bayonet") The plug bayonet, as this first type was called, had some serious defects; once it was inserted into the muzzle, the gun could not be fired, and if driven in ...
- plug gauge
- (from the article "gauge") Plug, ring, snap, and limit gauges are fixed gauges usually made to satisfy special requirements. To check the accuracy of a hole, a cylindrical bar (plug gauge) with highly finished ...
- plug valve
- (from the article "valve") A plug valve, or cock, is a conical plug with a hole perpendicular to its axis fitting in a conical seat in the valve body at right angles to the ...
- plum
- fruit of the genus Prunus of the rose family (Rosaceae). Like the peach and cherry, it is a stone, or drupe, fruit. Trees of some plum species reach a height ... [2 Related Articles]
- plum brandy
- (from the article "brandy") ...barack palinka, from Hungary, the best known of apricot brandies; Kirschwasser, or kirsch, produced mainly in Alsace, Germany, and Switzerland, distilled from cherries; and the French plum wines, from Alsace ...
- plum curculio
- (Conotrachelus nenuphar), North American insect pest of the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera); it does serious damage to a variety of fruit trees. The adult has a dark brown body, about ... [1 Related Articles]
- plum-fir yew
- (from the article "yellowwood") ...of China and Japan; real yellowwood (P. latifolius), South African yellowwood (P. elongatus), and common, or bastard, yellowwood (P. falcatus) of southern Africa; plum-fir, or plum-fruited, yew (P. andinus) and ...
- plum-yew
- (Cephalotaxus species), any of about seven species of small coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Cephalotaxus, comprising the plum-yew family (Cephalotaxaceae). Native to central and eastern Asia, these plants ... [1 Related Articles]
- plumage
- collective feathered covering of a bird. It provides protection, insulation, and adornment and also helps streamline and soften body contours, reducing friction in air and water. Plumage of the newborn ... [13 Related Articles]
- plumb line
- (from the article "hand tool") A plumb line is a light line with a weight (plumb bob) at one end that, when suspended next to a workpiece, defines a vertical line. "Plumb" comes from the ...
- Plumb, Sir John Harold
- British historian and academic (b. Aug. 20, 1911, Leicester, Eng.-d. Oct. 21, 2001, Cambridge, Eng.), was a prolific author and a noted expert on the social and political history of ...
- Plumbaginaceae
- (from the article "Caryophyllales") Economically, Plumbaginaceae (leadwort family) is important mainly for its many garden ornamentals. Among these are a number of species of Armeria that go by the common name thrift, especially A. ...
- Plumbago
- (from the article "Caryophyllales") The sap of Plumbago europeae (leadwort) is irritating and caustic, as are the juices of other Plumbago species, for example, P. indica (or P. rosea) and P. scandens, which are ...
- plumbate ware
- (from the article "pottery") ...forms of their gods. An orange-coloured pottery decorated in a great diversity of styles is associated with the Toltecs, as is a dark-coloured pottery with a glossy appearance and incised ...
- plumbing
- system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution and use of potable (drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne wastes. It is usually distinguished from water ... [6 Related Articles]
- plumbojarosite
- a widespread iron and lead sulfate mineral, PbFe6(So4)4(OH)12, that has been found in the oxidized zone of lead deposits, particularly in arid regions. It is an important ore mineral of ...
- plume
- (from the article "Earth Sciences") The geochemistry of lavas from Hawaii provided information about the mantle plume that many geologists assumed transports source rocks from deep in the mantle to a near-surface hotspot, where melting ...
- plume albizia
- (from the article "Albizia") ...about 12 cm (5 inches) long. A. lebbek (siris, or woman's-tongue tree), native to tropical Asia and Australia, grows about 24 m tall and bears pods 23-30 cm long. A. ...
- plume grass
- any of about 20 species of grasses constituting the genus Erianthus (family Poaceae), native to warm regions of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Plume grasses are tall, reedlike perennials with ...
- plume moth
- any of about 1,000 species of delicate moths (order Lepidoptera) that are named for the deep wing divisions that resemble plumes or lobes. The clefts in the wings divide them ... [2 Related Articles]
- plume poppy
- (from the article "poppy") ...family include the matilija poppy (Romneya coulteri), with 15.2-centimetre, white, fragrant flowers on a 2.4-metre-tall perennial herbaceous plant, native to southwestern North America; the plume poppies, members of the Oriental ...
- plume trace
- (from the article "ocean") In some oceans the basin floors are crossed by long, linear and mountainous aseismic ridges. The term aseismic distinguishes these ridges from oceanic spreading centres because the former lack earthquakes. ...
- plumebird
- (from the article "plumebird") any of several bird-of-paradise species. See bird-of-paradise.bird-of-paradisebird-of-paradiseAmong the most notable b
- plumeless thistle
- (from the article "thistle") ...often refers to prickly leaved species of Carduus and Cirsium, which have dense heads of small, usually pink or purple flowers. Plants of the genus Carduus, sometimes called plumeless thistles, ...
- Plumer, Sir Herbert
- (from the article "World War I") ...Flanders. He took the first step on June 7, 1917, with a long-prepared attack on the Messines Ridge, north of Armentieres, on the southern flank of his Ypres salient. This ...
- Plummer disease
- thyroid condition characterized by marked enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitre), firm thyroid nodules, and overproduction of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). Plummer disease, which usually occurs in older people, is of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Plummer, Christopher
- Canadian actor known for his interpretations of classical roles on the stage as well as his starring and supporting roles in motion pictures.
- Plummer, William
- (from the article "God and Saints of Christ, Church of") religious sect founded in 1896 by Prophet William S. Crowdy. He passed his mantle of leadership to Bishop William Plummer, who announced himself as "Grand Father Abraham." This group believes ...
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- (from the article "digestive system disease") In women, cancer of the upper esophagus is more common than in men, and women may be predisposed by long-standing iron deficiency, or Plummer-Vinson (Paterson-Kelly) syndrome. Dysphagia is the first ...
- Plumstead Marshes
- (from the article "Greenwich") East of Woolwich is Plumstead Marshes, which was long the site of military firing ranges; in the 1970s a mass housing development known as Thamesmead was erected there. Other residential ...
- Plumtree
- town, southwestern Zimbabwe. At the Botswana border, it is the last major Zimbabwean station on the Bulawayo-Cape Town railway and has customs, immigration, and quarantine facilities. Founded in 1897, it ...
- plumule
- (from the article "bird") ...with a complex branch, the aftershaft, or afterfeather, that arises at the base of the vane. The aftershaft has the appearance of a second, smaller feather, growing from the base ...
- plumule
- (from the article "plant development") ...aspects of its development. The response of the seedling to gravity is important. The radicle, which normally grows downward into the soil, is said to be positively geotropic. The young ...
- plunge
- (from the article "fold") ...simpler types of folds the axis is horizontal or gently inclined, it may be steeply inclined or even vertical. The angle of inclination of the axis, as measured from the ...
- plunge pool
- (from the article "waterfall") ...at the base of a waterfall is great. One of the characteristic features associated with waterfalls of any great magnitude, with respect to volume of flow as well as to ...
- plunger
- (from the article "pressed glass") glassware produced by mechanically pressing molten glass into a plain or engraved mold by means of a plunger. Pressed glass can generally be distinguished from hand-cut glass because of its ...
- plunger pump
- (from the article "pump") The plunger pump is the oldest type in common use. Piston and plunger pumps consist of a cylinder in which a piston or plunger moves back and forth. In plunger ...
- Plunket, Saint Oliver
- Roman Catholic primate of all Ireland and the last man to suffer martyrdom for the Catholic faith in England.
- Plunket, William Conyngham Plunket, 1st Baron
- Anglo-Irish lawyer, parliamentary orator, successor to Henry Grattan (died 1820) as chief spokesman for Roman Catholic emancipation-i.e., admission of Catholics to the British House of Commons, a goal that was ...
- Plunkett, Sir Horace Curzon
- pioneer of Irish agricultural cooperation who strongly influenced the rise of the agricultural cooperative movement in Great Britain and the Commonwealth.
- plural
- (from the article "Afro-Asiatic languages") ...languages mark nouns for number in a manner quite different from that used in most Indo-European languages. Whereas English, for example, usually differentiates only between singular and plural, Classical Semitic ...
- pluralis fractus
- (from the article "Semitic languages") ...in Arabic and the Southwest Semitic languages, however, plurality is indicated directly through the pattern of the stem rather than by means of an ending. Such nouns constitute the class ...
- pluralism
- in political science, the view that in liberal democracies power is (or should be) dispersed among a variety of economic and ideological pressure groups and is not (or should not ... [4 Related Articles]
- pluralism and monism
- philosophical theories that answer "many" and "one," respectively, to the distinct questions: how many kinds of things are there? and how many things are there? Different answers to each question ... [9 Related Articles]
- pluralistic sovereignty
- (from the article "sovereignty") ...from within on the doctrine of state sovereignty was made in the 20th century by those political scientists (e.g., Leon Duguit, Hugo Krabbe, and Harold J. Laski) who developed the ...
- plurality system
- electoral process in which the candidate who polls more votes than any other candidate is elected. It is distinguished from the majority system, in which, to win, a candidate must ... [2 Related Articles]
- pluriarc
- west African stringed musical instrument having a deep boxlike body from which project between two and eight slender, curved arms; one string runs from the end of each arm to ... [1 Related Articles]
- pluripotent cell
- (from the article "stem cell") ...most or all of the tissue types that subsequently develop. This ability to repopulate mouse embryos is the key defining feature of embryonic stem cells, and because of it they ...
- plus and minus method
- (from the article "Sanger, Frederick") ...requires a primer that can bind to a known region of the template strand. Early success was limited by the lack of suitable primers. Sanger and British colleague Alan R. ...
- plush
- (from the article "pile") Velvet is a short-pile fabric and plush a long-pile fabric, both of which have pile formed by warp threads. Velveteen is fabric with pile formed of filling threads that have ...
- Plushchenko, Yevgeny
- Even though Yevgeny Plushchenko was performing with an injured knee and was facing a number of strong opponents, he dominated the three programs of the 2004 world ice-skating championships and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Plutarch
- biographer and author whose works strongly influenced the evolution of the essay, the biography, and historical writing in Europe from the 16th to the 19th century. Among his approximately 227 ... [19 Related Articles]
- Plutchik, Robert
- (from the article "emotion") ...functions of emotions in significant numbers until the 1960s. Several influential volumes following this theme were published in the 1960s and '70s. For example, the American psychologist Robert Plutchik echoed ...
- pluteus
- (from the article "reproduction") ...and development (larva and pupa-adult) and two periods of small size (fertilized egg and imaginal disks). A somewhat similar phenomenon is found in sea urchins; the larva, which is called ...
- Plutino
- (from the article "Pluto") ...orbits inclined to the plane of the solar system and exhibiting the same stabilizing 3:2 orbital resonance with Neptune. In recognition of this affinity, astronomers named this group of objects ...
- Pluto
- large, distant member of the solar system that formerly was regarded as the outermost and smallest planet. It also was considered the most recently discovered planet, having been found in ... [15 Related Articles]
- plutoid
- (from the article "dwarf planet") ...failed to grow larger. The IAU agreed to establish a process for determining which other bodies presently known or to be discovered are dwarf planets. In June 2008 the IAU ...
- pluton
- body of intrusive igneous rock the size, composition, shape, or exact type of which is in doubt; when such characteristics are known, more limiting terms can be used. Thus, plutons ... [4 Related Articles]
- Pluton
- (from the article "tactical weapons system") Battlefield support weapons include such ballistic missiles as the U.S. Lance and the French Pluton, which have ranges of about 75 miles (120 km). These systems, which can deliver nuclear ...
- Plutonism
- (from the article "Earth sciences") The Scottish scientist James Hutton, leader of the Plutonists, viewed the Earth as a dynamic body that functions as a heat machine. Streams wear down the continents and deposit their ...
- plutonium
- radioactive chemical element of the actinoid series of the periodic table, atomic number 94. It is the most important transuranium element because of its use as fuel in certain types ... [12 Related Articles]
- plutonium dioxide
- (from the article "uranium processing") ...UO3 or U3O8) for subsequent conversion to UF6 and enrichment of the uranium-235 content, as described above. Purified plutonium nitrate is converted to plutonium dioxide (PuO2) either for conversion to ...
- Plutonium Project
- (from the article "Mulliken, Robert Sanderson") During World War II Mulliken worked on the Plutonium Project, part of the development of the atomic bomb, at the University of Chicago. In 1955 he served as scientific attache ...
- plutonium-238
- (from the article "plutonium") ...in nuclear weapons. Plutonium, warm because of energy released in alpha decay, is a silvery metal that takes on a yellow tarnish in air. The element was first detected (1941) ...
- plutonium-239
- (from the article "Values for the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of certain radionuclides") When a neutron strikes the nucleus of an atom of the isotopes uranium 235 or plutonium-239, it causes that nucleus to split into two fragments, each of which is a ...
- plutonium-240
- (from the article "nuclear reactor") ...plutonium-239 is created by neutron capture in uranium-238 (238U; the principal constituent of naturally occurring uranium), and plutonium-241 is formed when a neutron is absorbed into plutonium-240 (240Pu). Plutonium-240 builds ...
- plutonium-uranium extraction process
- (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...(The facility was renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre [BARC] after Bhabha died in 1966.) A reprocessing plant was built nearby to extract plutonium from spent fuel rods. The plant ...
- Plutschau, Heinrich
- (from the article "Christianity") ...missions from the Continent. Philipp Jakob Spener (1635-1705) and August Hermann Francke (1663-1727) at the University of Halle trained Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg (1683-1719) and Heinrich Plutschau (1678-1747). From 1706 they served ...
- Plutus
- in Greek religion, god of abundance or wealth, a personification of ploutos (Greek: "riches"). According to Hesiod, Plutus was born in Crete, the son of the goddess of fruitfulness, Demeter, ... [2 Related Articles]
- pluvial lake
- (from the article "Holocene Epoch") ...the tropics, the end of the last glacial period was marked by a tremendous increase in rainfall. The increased precipitation toward the end of the Pleistocene was marked by a ...
- pluvial regime
- (from the article "Africa") During the cold humid periods called pluvials, which correspond to the glacial phases of the Northern Hemisphere, the glaciers that covered the high mountains of East Africa were from 3,000 ...
- pluviometric equator
- (from the article "Congo River") From the pluviometric equator (an imaginary east-west line indicating the region of heaviest rainfall), which is situated slightly to the north of the geographic equator, the amount of rainfall decreases ...
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