| | - pentatonic scale
- musical scale containing five different tones. It is thought that the pentatonic scale represents an early stage of musical development, because it is found, in different forms, in most of ... [6 Related Articles]
- penteconter
- (from the article "naval ship") ...made in the Iliad, for instance, of sea warfare. Even the pirates of the time were sea raiders seeking their booty ashore rather than in sea actions. ...
- Pentecost
- island of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Espiritu Santo island. Volcanic in origin, it occupies 169 square miles (438 square km) and ...
- Pentecost
- (Pentecost from Greek pentecoste, "50th day"), major festival in the Christian church, celebrated on the Sunday that falls on the 50th day after Easter. It commemorates the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ
- (from the article "United Pentecostal Church, Inc.") Protestant denomination organized in St. Louis, Mo., U.S., in 1945 by merger of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ and the Pentecostal Church, Inc. It is the largest of the ...
- Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc.
- Protestant denomination organized in the United States in 1916 after many members withdrew from the Assemblies of God during the Jesus Only controversy, a movement that denied the standard Pentecostal ...
- Pentecostal Church of God of America, Inc.
- Protestant denomination organized in Chicago in 1919 as the Pentecostal Assemblies of the U.S.A. by a group of ministers who had earlier refused affiliation in the General Council of the ...
- Pentecostal Church, Inc.
- (from the article "United Pentecostal Church, Inc.") Protestant denomination organized in St. Louis, Mo., U.S., in 1945 by merger of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Jesus Christ and the Pentecostal Church, Inc. It is the largest of the ...
- Pentecostal Fellowship of North America
- cooperative organization established in Chicago in 1948 by eight Pentecostal denominations for the purpose of "interdenominational Pentecostal cooperation and fellowship." Several Canadian and U.S. Pentecostal bodies are members of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pentecostal Holiness Church, Inc.
- Protestant denomination organized in Falcon, N.C., in 1911 by the merger of the Fire-Baptized Holiness Church (organized in 1898 by several Pentecostal associations) and the Pentecostal Holiness Church (organized in ...
- Pentecostalism
- charismatic religious movement that gave rise to a number of Protestant churches in the United States in the 20th century and that is unique in its belief that all Christians ... [15 Related Articles]
- Pentelic marble
- (from the article "Pentelicus, Mount") ...within the nomos (department) of Attiki, in Greece. The chief summit, about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Athens, is Kokkinaras (3,632 feet [1,107 m]), which yields white Pentelic marble ...
- Pentelicus, Mount
- mountain range enclosing the Attic plain on its northeast but within the nomos (department) of Attiki, in Greece. The chief summit, about 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Athens, is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Penthesilea
- (from the article "Achilles") ...Odyssey mentions his funeral. The poet Arctinus in his Aethiopis took up the story of the Iliad and related that Achilles, having slain the Ethiopian king Memnon and the Amazon ...
- Pentheus
- (from the article "Dionysus") ...(Bacchanalia) quickly won converts among women. Men, however, met them with hostility. In Thrace Dionysus was opposed by Lycurgus, who ended up blind and mad. In Thebes Dionysus was opposed ...
- Penthoraceae
- (from the article "Penthorum") ...green leaves that turn bright orange as they mature. Ditch stonecrop is planted as an ornamental at the edges of pools or in shallow water. The genus Penthorum is treated ...
- Penthorum
- genus of perennial herbs native to East Asia and eastern North America. All three species in the genus have underground stems, toothed leaves, and one-sided flower clusters borne at the ...
- penthouse
- enclosed area on top of a building. Such a structure may house the top of an elevator shaft, air-conditioning equipment, or the stairs leading to the roof; it can also ...
- Penticton
- city, southern British Columbia, Canada. It lies between Skaha and Okanagan lakes, 245 miles (394 km) east of Vancouver. The site was first settled in 1865, its name being derived ...
- pentimento
- (from Italian pentirsi: "to repent"), in art, the reappearance in an oil painting of original elements of drawing or painting that the artist tried to obliterate by overpainting. If the ...
- Pentium
- (from the article "Intel Corporation") American manufacturer of semiconductor computer circuits. Besides microprocessors, the company makes microcontrollers (single-chip computers), memory chips, computer modules and boards, network and conferencing products, and parallel supercomputers. Its headquarters are ...
- Pentland, Barbara Lally
- Canadian composer (b. Jan. 2, 1912, Winnipeg, Man.-d. Feb. 5, 2000, Vancouver, B.C.), was one of Canada's first avant-garde composers. She studied at the Juilliard School of Music in New ...
- pentlandite
- a nickel and iron sulfide mineral, the chief source of nickel. It is nearly always found with pyrrhotite and similar minerals in silica-poor rocks such as those at Bushveld, S.Af.; ... [2 Related Articles]
- pentobarbital
- (from the article "sedative-hypnotic drug") ...throughout the first half of the 20th century. Among the most commonly prescribed kinds were phenobarbital, secobarbital (marketed under Seconal and other trade names), amobarbital (Amytal), and pentobarbital (Nembutal). When ...
- pentode
- vacuum-type electron tube with five electrodes. Besides the cathode filament, anode plate, and control grid of the triode and the added screen grid of the tetrode, there is still another ... [2 Related Articles]
- pentolite
- (from the article "bazooka") ...and fortified positions at short range. It launched a 3.5-pound (1.6-kg) rocket with a diameter of 2.36 inches (60 mm) and a length of 19 inches (483 mm). The rocket ...
- pentomino
- (from the article "number game") ...A polyomino is a simply connected set of equal-sized squares, each joined to at least one other along an edge. The simpler polyomino shapes are shown in Figure 19A. Somewhat ...
- penton
- (from the article "polyether") ...they are used mostly as metal primers. Polyphenylene oxide resins, such as Noryl, possess great resistance to water and to high temperatures (175°-300° C; 350°-575° F). Penton, a chlorine-containing polyether ...
- pentosan
- (from the article "polysaccharide") ...Preparations of dextran, a glucose homopolysaccharide found in slimes secreted by certain bacteria, are used as substitutes for blood plasma in treating shock. Other homopolysaccharides include pentosans (composed of arabinose ...
- pentosuria
- inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by the excessive urinary excretion of the sugar xylitol. It is caused by a defect in the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase, by which xylitol is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pentremites
- extinct genus of stemmed, immobile echinoderms (forms related to the starfish) abundant as marine fossils in rocks of the Carboniferous Period (from 359 million to 299 million years ago), especially ... [1 Related Articles]
- penumbra
- (from Latin paene, "almost"; umbra, "shadow"), in astronomy, the outer part of a conical shadow, cast by a celestial body, where the light from the Sun is partially blocked-as compared ... [1 Related Articles]
- penumbra
- (from the article "Sun")
- Penutian languages
- major grouping (phylum or superstock) of American Indian languages, spoken along the west coast of North America from British Columbia to central California and central New Mexico. The phylum consists ...
- penwiper plant
- (from the article "kalanchoe") The most common species, valued for their unusual foliage, include the panda plant (K. tomentosa); penwiper plant (K. marmorata); air plant, or maternity plant (K. pinnata); velvet leaf, or felt ...
- Penwith
- district, administrative and historic county of Cornwall, extreme southwestern England. It is a promontory, including the Land's End peninsula at the westernmost tip of the island of Great Britain, bordered ...
- Penydarren tramroad
- (from the article "technology, history of") ...initiative and partly because very few Watt-type low-pressure engines crossed the Atlantic. Trevithick quickly applied his engine to a vehicle, making the first successful steam locomotive for the Penydarren tramroad ...
- Penza
- oblast (province), western Russia, occupying an area of 16,680 square miles (43,200 square km) across the western flank of the Volga Upland, which falls gently to the Oka-Don Plain in ...
- Penza
- city and administrative centre of Penza oblast (province), western Russia, at the confluence of the Penza and Sura rivers. The city was founded in 1666 as a major fortress; after ...
- Penzance
- town ("parish"), Penwith district, administrative and historic county of Cornwall, England. It overlooks Mounts Bay, where the English Channel meets the Atlantic Ocean. The remarkably equable climate allows many subtropical ...
- Penzhin Bay
- (from the article "Shelikhov, Gulf of") ...The coasts are largely rugged, except in the southeast. From December until May the gulf is closed by ice. The Taygonos Peninsula divides the northern part of the gulf into ...
- Penzias, Arno
- German-American astrophysicist who shared one-half of the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physics with Robert Woodrow Wilson for their discovery of a faint electromagnetic radiation throughout the universe. Their detection of ... [7 Related Articles]
- peonage
- form of involuntary servitude, the origins of which have been traced as far back as the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when the conquerors were able to force the poor, especially ... [4 Related Articles]
- peony
- any of the flowering plants in the genus Paeonia (family Paeoniaceae) known for their large, showy blossoms. All but two species are native to Europe and Asia; P. browni and ...
- People Express Airlines
- (from the article "Continental Airlines, Inc.") ...debt, and, after bankruptcy proceedings (1983) and reorganization, Continental reduced services by two-thirds. In 1987 other Texas Air subsidiaries-New York Airlines, Inc. (founded 1980), People Express Airlines (1981), and Presidential ...
- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
- (from the article "animal rights") ...in local, and more traditional, animal-protection issues, such as animal shelters that care for stray dogs and cats. Others became large national and international organizations, such as PETA (People for ...
- People of Freedom
- (from the article "Italy") ...Attempts to form an interim government failed, however, and Napolitano dissolved parliament in February. In the national elections held in April, Berlusconi-heading a new party known as the People of ...
- People Power Party
- (from the article "Thailand") ...fraud in the snap election of April 2006. Thaksin and more than 100 top-ranking TRT members were barred from politics for five years. Other TRT members formed or joined new ...
- People's Action Party
- (from the article "Singapore") On the domestic front, drama-starved Singaporeans followed closely the general election on May 6. The ruling People's Action Party (PAP) was led into battle for the first time by Lee ...
- People's Alliance
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") President Rajapakse's political position strengthened during the year. His People's Alliance (PA) dominated the governing United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) but needed support from small and radical partner parties to ...
- People's Alliance Party
- (from the article "Grimsson, Olafur Ragnar") ...became well known as a moderator of television talk shows, often engaging in discussions on controversial political and social subjects that generated heated debate. He joined the leftist People's Alliance ...
- People's Army of North Vietnam
- (from the article "international relations") ...were guerrilla militiamen who served also as local party cadres. Above them were the Viet Cong (formally the National Liberation Front, or NLF), deployed in regional military units, and units ...
- People's Assembly
- (from the article "Albania") Albania is a parliamentary democracy, with 140 deputies elected to four-year terms in the unicameral People's Assembly. Of those deputies, 100 are elected by direct suffrage, while the remainder are ...
- People's Assembly
- (from the article "Egypt") Legislative power resides in the People's Assembly, which is composed primarily of elected members, some of whom must be women; a few members are appointed by the president. Members of ...
- People's Assembly
- (from the article "Myanmar") Under the 1974 constitution, supreme power rested with the unicameral People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw), a 485-member popularly elected body that exercised legislative, executive, and judicial authority. The Council of State, ...
- People's Bank of China
- (from the article "Economic Affairs") On July 21 the People's Bank of China (PBC) announced long-awaited currency reforms following pressure on China from the U.S. and other industrialized countries to change the fixed exchange rate ...
- People's Budget
- (from the article "Lloyd George, David") ...the demand for more battleships to match the German naval program threatened the finances available for social reform. It was to meet these difficulties that Lloyd George framed the famous ...
- People's Chamber
- (from the article "Russia") In 2005 a People's Chamber was established to serve as an advisory board for Russia's civil society. A Soviet-style amalgam of officials (President Putin supervised the confirmation of the initial ...
- People's Charter
- (from the article "Chartism") British working-class movement for parliamentary reform named after the People's Charter, a bill drafted by the London radical William Lovett in May 1838. It contained six demands: universal manhood suffrage, ...
- People's Commissars, Council of
- (from the article "Russia") Lenin, at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets in October (November, New Style) 1917, managed to secure and head a solely Bolshevik government-the Council of People's Commissars, or Sovnarkom. The ...
- People's Construction Bank of China
- (from the article "China") Other important financial institutions include the People's Construction Bank of China, responsible for capitalizing a portion of overall investment and for providing capital funds for certain industrial and construction enterprises; ...
- People's Consultative Assembly
- (from the article "Indonesia") ...128-seat Regional Representatives Council (DPD), which would have powers to review legislation relating to the regions and would also, with the 550 parliamentarians, constitute the restructured People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), ...
- People's Council
- (from the article "Turkmenistan") On December 26 the Khalk Maslahaty (People's Council), the 2,500-member superparliament, met in emergency session and set Feb. 11, 2007, as the date for a presidential election. The assembly also ...
- People's Democratic Party
- (from the article "Kyrgyzstan") ...Party of Kirgiziya (CPK), a branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), determined the makeup of the government and dominated the political process. The CPK transformed itself ...
- People's Democratic Party
- Nigerian political party. [2 Related Articles]
- People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...houses of the legislature were held in 1965 and 1969. Several unofficial parties ran candidates with platforms ranging from fundamentalist Islam to the extreme left. One such group was the ...
- People's Deputies, Congress of
- (from the article "Russia") ...system and government structures of the Soviet Union that altered both the nature of the Soviet federal state and the status and powers of the individual republics. In 1988 the ...
- People's First Party
- (from the article "Taiwan") Another historical breakthrough in cross-straits relations occurred in April-July when the heads of three major Taiwanese opposition parties-the Nationalist Party (KMT), the People's First Party (PFP), and the New Party-made ...
- People's Friendship Hospital
- (from the article "Beijing") ...The hospital, the largest in Beijing, is a polyclinic facility combined with an institute of gynecology and pediatrics. Since 1949 many new hospitals, clinics, and sanitariums have been built. People's ...
- People's Government
- (from the article "Honan") ...from the People's Liberation Army, one from the "revolutionary cadres," and one from the "revolutionary masses." The Revolutionary Committee was replaced in 1980 by the People's Government, which is the ...
- People's Guard
- (from the article "Schutzbund") ...was tightly organized, having been created in 1923 from the workers' guards by the Austrian Social Democratic Party, of which the Schutzbund remained an adjunct. It was also descended from ...
- people's high school
- (from the article "adult education") ...adult education centres, which are the most widely distributed specialized institutes for adult education, are represented by such organizations as "workers' academies" in Finland, "people's high schools" in Germany and ...
- people's home
- (from the article "Hansson, Per Albin") ...level, and unemployment dipped sharply by the end of the decade. The active social policies were important elements in the realization of the folkhem ("people's home"), the ...
- People's Independent Theatre
- (from the article "Germany") ...society. Season tickets, group arrangements, bloc tickets bought by business firms, and theatre clubs constitute the major patronage of such production companies as the People's Independent Theatre (Theater der Freien ...
- People's Liberation Armed Forces
- (from the article "Vietnam War") ...regime. The Front's regular army, usually referred to as the "main force" by the Americans, was much smaller than Diem's army, but it was only one component of the Viet ...
- People's Liberation Army
- (from the article "China") The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the unified organization of all Chinese land, sea, and air forces. The history of the PLA is officially traced to the Nanchang Uprising of ...
- People's Liberation Army
- (from the article "Partisan") ...people into the resistance. Even after the Partisans were forced to retreat into the mountains of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, they attracted enough recruits to designate themselves the People's ...
- People's Liberation Army of Namibia
- (from the article "Namibia") ...Africa's invasion of Angola was defeated near Cuito-Cuanavale, air control was lost, and the Western Front defenses were tumbled back to the border (by a force consisting largely of units ...
- People's Liberation Front
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...shared power in Sri Lanka's complex political system until April, continued to dominate national politics. In January, Kumaratunga's People's Alliance (PA) struck an accord with the left-wing People's Liberation Front ...
- People's Liberation Movement
- (from the article "Montserrat") In the general election of November 1978, the People's Liberation Movement (PLM) won all seven seats to the Legislative Council. The party retained its control in 1983, but the opposition ...
- People's Majlis
- (from the article "Maldives") The election to choose 42 members of the Majlis (parliament), originally scheduled for the end of 2004, was held on January 22. In late January Gayoom announced a 31-point proposal ...
- People's National Congress
- (from the article "Guyana") ...Party/Civic alliance also increased its strength in the 65-member Parliament to 36 seats from 34. Unlike most previous elections in Guyana, the voting passed off peacefully, and the main opposition ...
- People's National Movement
- (from the article "Trinidad and Tobago") In parliamentary elections held on Nov. 5, 2007, in Trinidad and Tobago, Prime Minister Patrick Manning's ruling People's National Movement took 26 of the 41 seats in the parliament, while ...
- People's National Party
- (from the article "Jamaica") The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), led by economist Bruce Golding, succeeded in defeating the People's National Party (PNP) in the September 3 general election, after the latter had enjoyed four ...
- People's Palace
- (from the article "Besant, Sir Walter") ...based on his impressions of the East London slums, which he saw as joyless rather than vicious places. The "Palace of Delights" that he projected in his book became a ...
- People's Party
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...One such group was the Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), the major leftist organization in the country. Founded in 1965, the party soon split into two factions, known ...
- People's Party
- (from the article "Latvia") ...down in July because the law did not permit her to serve a third term. Parliamentary support for the government's policies was ensured by strict discipline within the ruling coalition, ...
- People's Party
- (from the article "Austria") In January 2007 a majority "grand coalition" government comprising the Social Democratic Party (SPO) and the centre-right Austrian People's Party (OVP) entered office. This brought an end to more than ...
- People's Party
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...powerful enough-for the present-to dominate the new republic. Their rivals on the right were the old conservatives (now called the National People's Party), with 42 seats, and the new People's ...
- people's pension
- (from the article "Norway") A "people's pension" was established in Norway in 1967 to ensure all citizens a standard of living reasonably close to the level that an individual had achieved during his or ...
- People's Progressive Party
- (from the article "Gambia, The") ...majority of peasant farmers, however, there was virtually no change in their harsh economic plight, with bad harvests and falling peanut prices continuing throughout the 1980s. Yet Jawara and the ...
- People's Progressive Party
- (from the article "Guyana") Pres. Bharrat Jagdeo won another five-year term in the general election in August, securing 54.6% of the vote. His People's Progressive Party/Civic alliance also increased its strength in the 65-member ...
- People's Redemption Council
- (from the article "Doe, Samuel K") After the coup Doe assumed the rank of general and established a People's Redemption Council (PRC) composed of himself and 14 other low-ranking officers to rule the country. Doe suspended ...
- People's Representatives, Council of
- (from the article "Ebert, Friedrich") ...chancellor for one day. On November 10 he yielded to the fait accompli of the revolution and set up an entirely socialist government, with representatives from the SPD and USPD. ...
- People's Retribution
- (from the article "Nechayev, Sergey Gennadiyevich") In September 1869 Nechayev returned to Moscow, where he founded a small secret revolutionary group, the People's Retribution (Russian: Narodnaya Rasprava), also called the Society of the Axe, based on ...
- People's Revolutionary Army
- (from the article "Argentina") ...administration was unable to agree on an alternative economic policy, and the Cordobazo decisively affected the political climate. Underground activities were organized by a Trotskyite group, the People's Revolutionary Army ...
- People's Revolutionary Government
- (from the article "Grenada") ...reducing GULP's majority in Parliament in the 1976 election. On March 13, 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM staged a bloodless coup, proclaimed a People's Revolutionary ...
- People's Supreme Court
- (from the article "Cuba") The justice system is subordinate to the legislative and executive branches of government. It is headed by the People's Supreme Court, which includes a president, vice president, and other judges ...
- People's Theatre
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...emperor Aurangzeb and the shrewd Hindu philosopher-politician Canakya. Sisir's style has been refined by actor-director Sombhu Mitra and his actress wife Tripti, who worked in the Left-wing People's Theatre movement ...
- People's Theatre, The
- (from the article "theatre, African") In Zimbabwe the most effective theatre was in the hands of small semiprofessional companies such as The People's Theatre, directed by Ben Sibenke in Harare. In Zambia Stephen Chifunyise toured ...
- People's UCR
- (from the article "Radical Civic Union") ...president in 1958, forming the Intransigent UCR (UCR Intransigente) and collaborating with the Peronists. In response, opponents of an alliance with the Peronists established the UCR del Pueblo (People's UCR), ...
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