| | - Penaranda, Enrique
- (from the article "Bolivia") ...of the Revolutionary Left (Partido de la Izquierda Revolucionaria; PIR). Both groups established important factions in the national congress of 1940-44. In 1943 the civilian president General Enrique Penaranda was ...
- Penarth
- (from the article "Vale of Glamorgan") ...port. Agriculture is the main economic activity inland, and Cowbridge serves as a market centre. The county produces beef and dairy cattle. Barry Island is a popular tourist resort, and ...
- Penateka
- (from the article "Comanche") In the mid-19th century the Penateka, or southern branch of the Comanche, were settled on a reservation in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The northern segment of the tribe, however, continued ...
- Penates
- household gods of the Romans and other Latin peoples. In the narrow sense, they were gods of the penus ("household provision"), but by extension their protection reached the entire household. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Penaud Planophore
- model aircraft designed, built, and first flown by the French aeronautical pioneer Alphonse Penaud in 1871. [2 Related Articles]
- Penaud, Alphonse
- French aeronautical pioneer. [1 Related Articles]
- Pencer, Gerald Norman
- Canadian businessman who expanded his father's bottling business from a regional company into the Cott Corp., the world's fourth largest maker of soft drinks (b. April 26, 1945, Montreal, Que.--d. ...
- pencerdd
- (from the article "Celtic literature") ...although no clear picture of it emerges from references in the poetry and law texts, and it seems to have been less schematized in practice than in theory. At the ...
- pencil
- slender rod of a solid marking substance, such as graphite, enclosed in a cylinder of wood, metal, or plastic; used as an implement for writing, drawing, or marking. In 1565 ... [3 Related Articles]
- pencil beam
- (from the article "radar") ...being reflected by this surface, the electromagnetic energy is radiated as a narrow beam. A paraboloid, which is generated by rotating a parabola about its axis, forms a symmetrical beam ...
- pencil drawing
- drawing executed with an instrument composed of graphite enclosed in a wood casing and intended either as a sketch for a more elaborate work in another medium, an exercise in ...
- pencil fish
- any of several slender South American fishes belonging to three groups of characins, treated by some authorities as three separate families and by others as a single family, Characidae. Pencil ... [1 Related Articles]
- pencil gneiss
- (from the article "gneiss") ...formational processes, chemical composition, or probable parent material. Orthogneiss is formed by the metamorphism of igneous rocks; paragneiss results from the metamorphism of sedimentary rocks. Pencil gneiss contains rod-shaped individual ...
- Penck, Albrecht
- geographer who exercised a major influence on the development of modern German geography, and geologist who founded Pleistocene stratigraphy (the study of Ice Age Earth strata, from 10,000 to 2,500,000 ...
- Penck, Walther
- German geomorphologist noted for his theories of landform evolution. He was the son of the geographer Albrecht Penck. His ideas of the dependence of landform evolution upon the mobility of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pencz, Georg
- (from the article "Beham, Hans Sebald") The Kleinmeister also included Beham's younger brother, Barthel Beham (1502-40), and Georg Pencz (c. 1500-50). All three artists, noted for their brilliant work on extremely small copper plates, grew up ...
- Pend d'Oreille
- (from the article "Plateau Indian") ...Lillooet, and Ntlakapamux (Thompson) tribes. The Interior Salish live mostly in the Upper Columbia area and include the Okanagan, Sinkaietk, Lake, Wenatchee, Sanpoil, Nespelim, Spokan, Kalispel, Pend d'Oreille, Coeur d'Alene, ...
- Pend Oreille River
- (from the article "Clark Fork") ...Butte, Mont., it flows in an irregular course north and northwest for about 360 miles (585 km) to enter Pend Oreille Lake in northern Idaho. From this point to the ...
- Pend Oreille, Lake
- lake in Kaniksu National Forest, northwestern Idaho, U.S. The largest lake in Idaho, it is about 40 miles (65 km) long and 4 miles (6.5 km) wide and covers an ...
- Penda
- Anglo-Saxon king of Mercia from about 632 until 655, who made Mercia one of the most powerful kingdoms in England and temporarily delayed the rise of Northumbria. [6 Related Articles]
- pendant
- in architecture, sculpted ornament or elongated boss terminating the fan, or pendant, vaulting, associated with late English Gothic architecture of the Perpendicular period (15th century). Such devices are also to ...
- pendant
- in jewelry, ornament suspended from a bracelet, earring, or, especially, a necklace. Pendants are derived from the primitive practice of wearing amulets or talismans around the neck. The practice dates ... [9 Related Articles]
- Pende
- (from the article "art, African") Pende masks, made in a realistic style, are among the most dramatic works of all African art. Like the Yaka, small Pende masks fit over the head, helmet-style. Representing the ...
- Pendeen
- (from the article "Penwith") ...resorts of Penzance (the district seat), St. Ives, and Land's End are popular with artists and adventure seekers. The villages of the district have retained an unspoiled appearance. The village ...
- pendeloque
- (from the article "drop cut") method of faceting gemstones into a pear shape suitable for pendants, earrings, and other jewelry. A pendeloque is a pear-shaped modification of the round brilliant cut used for diamonds. A ...
- pendentive
- in architecture, a triangular segment of a spherical surface, filling in the upper corners of a room, in order to form, at the top, a circular support for a dome. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Penderecki, Krzysztof
- outstanding Polish composer of his generation whose novel and masterful treatment of orchestration won worldwide acclaim. [2 Related Articles]
- Pendergast, Thomas J
- U.S. politician who created a powerful political machine in Missouri. Critics of Pres. Harry S. Truman frequently linked his name with Pendergast, a former associate. [1 Related Articles]
- Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia
- (from the article "Sjahrir, Sutan") ...Indonesia ("Indonesian Union"), which numbered among its members many of Indonesia's future political leaders. He returned to the Dutch East Indies in 1931 and helped establish the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia, ...
- Pendjari National Park
- (from the article "Benin") ...wild pigs, crocodiles, and buffalo. There are many species of snakes, including pythons and puff adders. Birds include guinea fowl, wild duck, and partridge, as well as many tropical species. ...
- Pendle
- borough (district), administrative county of Lancashire, England, on the eastern boundary of the county. Most of the borough-including its largest towns Burnley, Nelson, and Colne-lies in the historic county of ...
- Pendle Hill
- (from the article "Pendle") ...in the historic county of Lancashire, but an area in the northeast, including the towns of Barnoldswick and Earby, belongs to the historic county of Yorkshire. The borough takes its ...
- Pendleton
- city, seat (1868) of Umatilla county, northeastern Oregon, U.S., on the Umatilla River, adjacent to the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Situated on the Oregon Trail, it was founded in 1869 by ...
- Pendleton Civil Service Act
- (Jan. 16, 1883), landmark U.S. legislation establishing the tradition and mechanism of permanent federal employment based on merit rather than on political party affiliation (the spoils system). [4 Related Articles]
- Pendleton, Edmund
- Virginia patriot during the American Revolution.
- Pendleton, Ellen Fitz
- American educator who served as president of Wellesley (Massachusetts) College for a quarter of a century.
- Pendleton, George
- American lawyer and legislator, an advocate of civil service reform and sponsor of the Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883), which created the modern civil service system. [1 Related Articles]
- Pendred's syndrome
- hereditary metabolic condition that is characterized by deafness and defective incorporation of iodine into thyroid hormone, resulting in goitre or enlargement of the thyroid gland. Pendred's syndrome is a major ...
- pendular nystagmus
- (from the article "nystagmus") ...back and forth, up and down, or circular movements of the eyes that are often described by observers as "jumping" or "dancing" eye movements. One type of nystagmus, called pendular ...
- penduline tit
- (from the article "Paridae") The long-tailed tits (Aegithalos and other genera) are sometimes given family rank as the Aegithalidae; and the penduline tits (Remiz and other genera) are sometimes similarly ranked as the Remizidae. ...
- pendulum
- body suspended from a fixed point so that it can swing back and forth under the influence of gravity. Pendulums are used to regulate the movement of clocks because the ... [10 Related Articles]
- pendulum governor
- (from the article "governor") ...controlling force is overcome and the masses move outward; the movement of the masses is transmitted to valves supplying the prime mover with its working fluid or fuel. The Figure ...
- Pendzhikent
- (from the article "Central Asian arts") ...he wears a tunic of local cut and is equipped with a long sword, two daggers, two bows, and a quiver full of arrows. He is wasp-waisted in the manner ...
- penecontemporaneous sedimentary structure
- (from the article "sedimentary rock") ...200° C range are required to support precipitation. A few modern, so-called primary marine dolomite localities have been studied, but close investigation of these areas suggests that even these penecontemporaneous ...
- Penelope
- in Greek mythology, a daughter of Icarius of Sparta and the nymph Periboea and wife of the hero Odysseus. They had one son, Telemachus. [3 Related Articles]
- peneplain
- gently undulating, almost featureless plain that, in principle, would be produced by fluvial erosion that would, in the course of geologic time, reduce the land almost to baselevel (sea level), ... [5 Related Articles]
- penetration
- (from the article "electromagnetic radiation") The great penetrating power of gamma rays stems from the fact that they have no electric charge and thus do not interact with matter as strongly as do charged particles. ...
- penetration macadam
- (from the article "road") ...utilized a macadam construction. This process used a compacted stone base bound together with either a hydraulic (water-base) natural cement or a stone base impregnated with asphalt tar, called a ...
- penetration number
- (from the article "lubrication") The penetration number, applied to grease, is a measure of the film characteristics of the grease. The test consists of dropping a standard cone into the sample of grease being ...
- penetration twin
- (from the article "twinning") There are several kinds of twin crystals. Penetration twins are complete crystals that pass through one another and often share the centre of their axial systems.
- Peneus setiferus
- (from the article "shrimp") ...septemspinosus), occurs in coastal waters on both sides of the North Atlantic and grows to about 8 centimetres (3 inches); it is gray or dark brown with brown or reddish ...
- Peng Bo
- (from the article "Swimming") China's Peng Bo was unstoppable in the men's 3-m springboard, winning by more than 31 points over Canada's Alexandre Despatie. In the 10-m platform, Hu Jia of China earned five ...
- Peng Dehuai
- military leader, one of the greatest in Chinese communist history, and minister of national defense of China from 1954 until 1959, when he was removed for criticizing the military and ... [6 Related Articles]
- Peng Zhen
- Chinese political leader (b. Oct. 12, 1902, Quwo county, Shanxi province, China--d. April 26, 1997, Beijing, China), was a hard-line elder of the Communist Party and one of the "Eight ...
- Peng-lung
- (from the article "Yunnan") ...of Thailand. Another important linguistic group is the Mon-Khmer, represented by the Wa, former headhunters who inhabit several counties along the border with Burma. The smaller Pu-lang and Peng-lung tribes ...
- Pengelly, William
- English educator, geologist, and a founder of prehistoric archaeology whose excavations in southwestern England helped earn scientific respect for the concept that early man coexisted with extinct animals, such as ...
- pengo
- (from the article "forint") ...introduced as Hungary's monetary unit in 1946. After World War II the country began paying its debts through the printing of money, which created massive inflation. The forint's predecessor was ...
- Pengtoushan culture
- (from the article "agriculture, origins of") ...some 15,000 rice grains. Domesticated rice remains directly dated to 8500 BP are found at Bashidang and at another site, Pengtoushan. These sites belong to what Chinese archaeologists call the ...
- penguin
- any of 17 species of flightless marine birds that live only in the Southern Hemisphere. The majority of the 17 species do not live in Antarctica but rather between latitudes ... [10 Related Articles]
- Penguin
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") ...systems. The turbojet-powered British Sea Eagle weighed somewhat more than the Harpoon and employed active radar homing. The West German Kormoran was also an air-launched missile. The Norwegian Penguin, a ...
- Penguin Books, Ltd.
- (from the article "Media and Publishing") ...Mitch Albom's novel For One More Day. The global coffeehouse chain reported that 45,000 copies of the novel had been sold in less than a month. In perhaps the most ...
- Penguin Revolution
- (from the article "Education") An estimated 700,000 high-school students in Chile forced educational change by marching in the streets and occupying schools for three weeks in what they called the Penguin Revolution, so named ...
- Penicaud Family
- French enamelers active in Limoges during the 16th century, considered to be among the finest such craftsmen of their time. They were noted for their work in grisaille enamel, monochromatically ... [1 Related Articles]
- Penicaud, Jean, I
- (from the article "Penicaud Family") ...intended to look like sculpture. Nardon Penicaud (c. 1470-c. 1542), the first recorded member of the family, worked in the French Gothic style, but his brother or son, Jean I ...
- Penicaud, Jean, II
- (from the article "Penicaud Family") ...introduced motifs characteristic of the Italian Renaissance. Jean I was also the first enameler to frequently apply transparent enamel colours on copper. The existence of two other members of the ...
- Penicaud, Nardon
- (from the article "Penicaud Family") ...century, considered to be among the finest such craftsmen of their time. They were noted for their work in grisaille enamel, monochromatically painted enamel work intended to look like sculpture. ...
- penicillin
- one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold. In 1928 Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming first observed ... [24 Related Articles]
- Penicillin G
- (from the article "penicillin") ...in all penicillins is altered in various ways). Because it is possible to change the characteristics of the antibiotic, different types of penicillin are produced for different therapeutic purposes. Penicillin ...
- penicillinase
- (from the article "penicillin") ...bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, have developed a specific resistance to the naturally occurring penicillins; these bacteria either produce beta-lactamase (penicillinase), an enzyme that disrupts the internal structure ...
- Penicillium
- genus of blue or green mold fungi (kingdom Fungi) that exists as asexual forms (anamorphs, or deuteromycetes). Those species for which the sexual phase is known are placed in the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Penicillium chrysogenum
- (from the article "pharmaceutical industry") ...large fermentation vats available in Peoria, so scientists from the laboratories searched for another strain of Penicillium. Eventually a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum that ...
- Penicillium glaucum
- (from the article "dairy product") The unique ripening of blue-veined cheeses comes from the mold spores Penicillium roqueforti or P. glaucum, which are added to the milk or to the curds before pressing and are ...
- Penicillium notatum
- (from the article "penicillin") ...of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those areas of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by the green mold Penicillium ...
- Penicillium roqueforti
- (from the article "dairy product") The unique ripening of blue-veined cheeses comes from the mold spores Penicillium roqueforti or P. glaucum, which are added to the milk or to the curds before pressing and are ...
- Penick, Harvey
- U.S. golf instructor and coauthor at 87 of Harvey Penick's Little Red Book: Lessons and Teachings from a Lifetime in Golf, the best-selling sports book of all time (b. Oct ...
- penillion
- (from the article "Wales") ...(and aural) art forms, including the spoken and written word and vocal music, particularly choral singing involving multiple parts and complex harmonies. The singing of penillion, simple ...
- Penington, Sir John
- (from the article "Tromp, Maarten") ...the neutral roadstead of the Downs. Tromp, after taking in fresh supplies of gunpowder at Calais, soon followed him there, only to be separated from him by an English squadron ...
- Peninj
- (from the article "Peninj mandible") The Peninj mandible is robust and deep, with tiny incisors and canines and larger premolars and molars. Only one tooth was damaged, though the rest were heavily worn. The Peninj ...
- Peninj mandible
- an almost perfectly preserved fossil jaw of the hominin (of human lineage) species Paranthropus boisei containing a complete set of adult teeth. It was found in 1964 at Peninj, a ...
- Peninsula Mountains
- (from the article "Sierra Leone") ...sometimes form the actual coast. The Sierra Leone Peninsula, which is the site of Freetown, is a region of thickly wooded mountains that run parallel to the sea for about ...
- peninsular
- any of the colonial residents of Latin America from the 16th through the early 19th centuries who had been born in Spain. The name refers to the Iberian Peninsula. Among ... [1 Related Articles]
- Peninsular Campaign
- (April 4-July 1, 1862), in the American Civil War, large-scale but unsuccessful Union effort to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va., by way of the peninsula formed by the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Peninsular Foreland
- (from the article "India") The northernmost portion of the Deccan may be termed the peninsular foreland. This large, ill-defined area lies between the peninsula proper to the south (roughly demarcated by the Vindhya Range) ...
- Peninsular gneiss
- (from the article "Asia") ...than 3-billion-year-old mafic-ultramafic associations of Kolar type with only subordinate sedimentary rocks represent the old greenstone belts that have either intrusive or tectonic contacts with Peninsular gneiss of similar age. ...
- Peninsular Malaysia
- region of the 13-state federation of Malaysia. It occupies the southern half of the Malay Peninsula and is separated from East Malaysia (on the island of Borneo) by the South ... [3 Related Articles]
- Peninsular War
- (1808-14), that part of the Napoleonic Wars fought in the Iberian Peninsula, where the French were opposed by British, Spanish, and Portuguese forces. Napoleon's peninsula struggle contributed considerably to his ... [16 Related Articles]
- penis
- the copulatory organ of the male of higher vertebrates that in mammals usually also provides the channel by which urine leaves the body. The corresponding structure in lower invertebrates is ... [21 Related Articles]
- penis cover
- (from the article "dress") Male sexual display at its most blatant can be seen in parts of Papua New Guinea, where the men wear penis sheaths (usually made from a dried gourd) that may ...
- penis envy
- (from the article "Freud, Sigmund") The blatantly phallocentric bias of this account, which was supplemented by a highly controversial assumption of penis envy in the already castrated female child, proved troublesome for subsequent psychoanalytic theory. ...
- penis pin
- (from the article "body modifications and mutilations") Among the Toraja and Sadang (Sulawesi, Indonesia) and some Dayak groups (Borneo), many adult men wore a penis pin, knobbed on each end and averaging about 1.5 inches (4 cm) ...
- penitential book
- any of the manuals used in Europe by priests of the Western church, especially during the early Middle Ages, in administering ecclesiastical penance. (The name penance is applied to both ...
- Penkovsky, Oleg Vladimirovich
- senior Soviet military intelligence officer who was convicted of spying for the United Kingdom and the United States. He was probably the West's most valuable double agent during the Cold ... [2 Related Articles]
- penlop
- (from the article "Bhutan") ...political entity about this period. La-Pha was succeeded by Doopgein Sheptoon, who consolidated Bhutan's administrative organization through the appointment of regional penlops (governors of territories) and
- Penman calculation of evaporation
- (from the article "climate") ...ones not only because the sunny day may have drier air but also because the Sun warms the evaporator and thus raises the vapour pressure at the evaporator. In fact, ...
- Penn Center
- (from the article "Philadelphia") ...agreement." Four shady, fountained squares-Logan, Franklin, Washington, and Rittenhouse-dot the quadrants. Westward from Penn Square along John F. Kennedy Boulevard is Penn Center, and the long stretch of Broad Street, ...
- Penn Central Transportation Company
- (from the article "New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company") American railroad operating in southern New England and New York. It was absorbed by the Penn Central Transportation Company in 1969.
- Penn School
- (from the article "Towne, Laura Matilda") In September 1862 Towne and her friend Ellen Murray established the Penn School, one of the earliest freedmen's schools, and laid down a rigorous curriculum patterned on the tradition of ...
- Penn Square
- (from the article "Philadelphia") ...point in the city, by an unwritten "gentleman's agreement." Four shady, fountained squares-Logan, Franklin, Washington, and Rittenhouse-dot the quadrants. Westward from Penn Square along John F. Kennedy Boulevard is Penn ...
- Penn, Arthur
- American motion-picture and theatre director whose films are noted for their critical examination of the darker undercurrents of American society.
- Penn, Irving
- American photographer noted for his sophisticated fashion images and incisive portraits. [3 Related Articles]
- Penn, Sean
- American film actor and director known for his versatility and intense performances. He won an Academy Award for his role as a grief-stricken father of a murdered young woman in ... [3 Related Articles]
|
|
