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Pei, Mario ... Pellegrini, Carlos
Pei, Mario
Italian-born American linguist whose many works helped to provide the general public with a popular understanding of linguistics and philology.
Pei-kang
(from the article "Yun-lin") The temple of Matsu, Goddess of the Sea, at Pei-kang, attracts multitudes of pilgrims from all over Taiwan for annual celebrations. Tou-liu is the administrative seat of the hsien and ...
Pei-t'ou
(from the article "Taipei") ...green spaces, and nature preserves. One of the most popular nearby recreation areas is Mount Yang-ming, which is only 6 miles (10 km) north of the central city. Both the ...
Pei-wen-ch'uan
(from the article "Chungking") ...year-round. South of the city, among well-kept gardens with lakes and pavilions, are the sulfurous springs of Nan-wen-ch'uan Park. To the north of the city are the well-known hot springs ...
Peierls, Sir Rudolf Ernst
German-born British physicist (b. June 5, 1907, Berlin, Germany--d. Sept. 19, 1995, Oxford, England), laid the theoretical foundations for the creation of the first atomic bomb. In 1940 he and ... [1 Related Articles]
Peiligang
(from the article "China") In northern China the people of Peiligang (north-central Henan) made less use of cord marking and painted design on their pots than did those at Dadiwan I; the variety of ...
Peille
(from the article "Cote d'Azur") ...and extending into southern Var departement. The population is predominantly urban. Traditional inland towns in Alpes-Maritimes include Gourdon, Eze, Utelle, and Peille; many such towns are perched on cliffs. Their ...
peine forte et dure
in English law, punishment that was inflicted upon those who were accused of a felony and stood silent, refusing to plead either guilty or not guilty, or upon those who ...
Peinture et de Sculpture, Academie Royale de
(from the article "David, Jacques-Louis") ...without quite abandoning the light sentiment and the eroticism that had been fashionable earlier in the century. At age 18, the obviously gifted budding artist was enrolled in the school ...
Peiper, Tadeusz
(from the article "Awangarda Krakowska") avant-garde literary movement in Poland, launched in Krakow in 1922 and centring around a local periodical, Zwrotnica (1922-27; "Switch"). Tadeusz Peiper, the first poet in Poland to ...
Peipsi, Battle of Lake
(from the article "Peipus, Lake") ...1242. But Nevsky led an army against them. Recovering all the territory seized by the Knights, he engaged them in battle on the frozen Lake Peipus, known as the "Battle ...
Peipus, Lake
lake forming part of the boundary between Estonia and Pskov oblast (province) of Russia. It is connected by the narrow Lake Tyoploye to a southern extension, Lake Pskov. Lake Peipus ... [2 Related Articles]
Peirce, Benjamin
American mathematician, astronomer, and educator who computed the general perturbations of the planets Uranus and Neptune. [2 Related Articles]
Peirce, Charles Sanders
American scientist, logician, and philosopher who is noted for his work on the logic of relations and on pragmatism as a method of research. [20 Related Articles]
Peirce-Smith converter
(from the article "metallurgy") The second stage of matte smelting is converting the sulfides to metal. For many years the standard vessel for this operation has been the Peirce-Smith converter. This is a rotatable, ...
Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de
French antiquary, Humanist, and influential patron of learning who discovered the Orion Nebula (1610) and was among the first to emphasize the study of coins for historical research. [3 Related Articles]
Peirsol, Aaron
(from the article "Swimming") Aaron Peirsol took his own global standard in the 100-m backstroke down to 52.98 sec before fellow American Ryan Lochte upset him in the 200-m backstroke (an event Peirsol had ...
Peisistratids
(from the article "Areopagus") For about 200 years, from the middle of the 6th century BC, the prestige of the Areopagus fluctuated. The fall of the Peisistratids, who during their tyranny (546-510) had filled ...
Peisistratus
tyrant of ancient Athens whose unification of Attica and consolidation and rapid improvement of Athens' prosperity helped to make possible the city's later preeminence in Greece. [10 Related Articles]
Peithon
(from the article "Antigonus I Monophthalmus") ...Cassander (Antipater's son), Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Eumenes in 319. When Eumenes, his rival in Asia Minor (Anatolia), went over to Polyperchon, Antigonus defeated him with the aid of Seleucus and ...
peito
(from the article "South American forest Indian") ...was the fate of those destined for ritual sacrifice. In many cases, chiefly among the northern Carib, slavery had primarily an economic function: the captives form a servile group known ...
Peixoto, Floriano
(from the article "Florianopolis") ...site in 1700. The settlement was given town status in 1726 and was raised to city rank in 1823. In 1893 the island was captured by revolutionaries who opposed the ...
pejerrey
(from the article "Plata, Rio de la") ...flattened at the nose), the pati (a large, scaleless river fish that frequents deep and muddy waters), the pacu (a large river fish with a flat body, almost as high ...
Pekah
(from the article "Tiglath-pileser III") ...Judah-a vassal of Assyria-now had to pay tribute. Over the next two years Tiglath-pileser systematically broke the power of Damascus. Israel was made subject through the assassination of Pekah (Pakaha) ...
Pekalongan
kotamadya (municipality), Central Java (Jawa Tengah) propinsi (province), west-central Java, Indonesia. It is situated on the northern coastal plain. The city is the capital of Pekalongan regency, has a fort ...
Pekanbaru
kotamadya (municipality) and capital of Riau propinsi (province), central Sumatra, Indonesia. It is a port on the Siak River and is located about 100 miles (160 km) upstream from the ...
Peker, Recep
(from the article "Turkey") ...Party (DP) was founded in 1946 and immediately gathered support. Despite government interference, the DP won 61 seats in the 1946 general election. Some elements in the CHP, led by ...
Pekin
city, seat (1849) of Tazewell county, central Illinois, U.S. It lies along the Illinois River (bridged) just south of Peoria. French explorers wintered in the area in 1680. The first ...
Pekin duck
(from the article "poultry farming") ...in The Netherlands and England, the favourite breed in England being the Aylesbury. This breed has white flesh and can reach eight pounds (3.6 kilograms) in eight weeks. The U.S. ...
Peking duck
one of the most celebrated dishes of Beijing, or Mandarin Chinese, cuisine, with a history of more than 400 years. In its classic form, the dish calls for a specific ...
Peking man
extinct hominin of the species Homo erectus, known from fossils found at Zhoukoudian near Beijing. Peking man was identified as a member of the human lineage by ... [10 Related Articles]
Peking University
university in Beijing, one of the oldest and most important institutions of higher learning in China. Its total enrollment is approximately 55,000. [3 Related Articles]
Peking Zoological Garden
zoological garden on the western outskirts of Peking, founded in 1906 by the empress dowager Tz'u-hsi. The zoo is managed by the Peking Office of Parks and Forestry, financed with ... [1 Related Articles]
Peking, Treaty of
(from the article "China") ...China's friend and mediator in securing the evacuation of the invaders from Beijing. Soon after the allies had left Beijing, Ignatyev secured, as a reward for his mediatory effort, the ...
Pekingese
breed of toy dog developed in ancient China, where it was held sacred and was kept as a palace dog by members of the imperial family. It was introduced to ... [1 Related Articles]
Peko
in Estonian religion, an agricultural deity who aided the growth of grain, especially barley. Peko was represented by a wax image that was kept buried in the grain in the ...
Pel's anomalure
(from the article "anomalure") The largest of the seven species is Pel's anomalure (A. pelii), with a body 40 to 46 cm (16 to 18 inches) long and a tail of nearly the same ...
Pel's fishing owl
(from the article "fish owl") The brown fish owl (K. zeylonensis) ranges from the eastern Mediterranean to Taiwan and Japan. Pel's fishing owl (S. peli) ranges over most of sub-Saharan Africa. It is about 50 ...
Peladeau, Pierre
Canadian press baron who parlayed a $1,500 loan from his mother into a media empire; although he probably was most renowned as the tabloid publisher of Le Journal de Montreal, ...
Pelaez, Amelia
(from the article "Latin American art") The Cuban artist Amelia Pelaez, who had studied with Leopoldo Romanach, went to Paris and adopted a style that recalled the later, more-ornamental Cubist work produced by Braque, as well ...
pelage
hairy, woolly, or furry coat of a mammal, distinguished from the underlying bare skin. The pelage is significant in several respects: as insulation; as a guard against injury; and, in ... [4 Related Articles]
Pelagia Of Antioch, Saint
15-year-old Christian virgin who, probably during the persecution of Christians by the Roman emperor Diocletian, threw herself from a housetop to save her chastity and died instantly. Her authenticity was ...
Pelagianism
a 5th-century Christian heresy taught by Pelagius (q.v.) and his followers that stressed the essential goodness of human nature and the freedom of the human will. Pelagius was concerned about ... [16 Related Articles]
pelagic bird
(from the article "migration") ...at great depths during the day and rise at dusk, concentrating in the upper layers of water during the night. Their predators, particularly fishes, follow them in their cycle. The ...
pelagic sealing
(from the article "Pribilof Islands") ...bulls gather harems, while the younger "bachelors" congregate separately. If the bachelors are hunted when they are ashore, the herd may be conserved; sealing at sea (also called pelagic sealing) ...
pelagic sediment
(from the article "Atlantic Ocean") ...years ago), turbidity currents have been relatively infrequent, with the consequence that the characteristic deposits laid down by them are as a rule covered by several inches of normal pelagic ...
pelagic zone
ecological realm that includes the entire ocean water column. Of all the inhabited Earth environments, the pelagic zone has the largest volume, 1,370,000,000 cubic kilometres (330,000,000 cubic miles), and the ... [4 Related Articles]
Pelagie Islands
group of islands in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia, south of Sicily; administratively they form the commune of Lampedusa. The group consists of the islands of Lampedusa and ... [2 Related Articles]
Pelagius
(from the article "Crusades") ...Crusaders had captured a strategic tower at Damietta. In September the expedition organized under papal auspices and consisting mainly of French Crusaders arrived under the legate Cardinal-Legate Pelagius. Since Pelagius ...
Pelagius
monk and theologian whose heterodox theological system known as Pelagianism (q.v.) emphasized the primacy of human effort in spiritual salvation. [4 Related Articles]
Pelagius I
pope from 556 to 561. His ecclesiastical roles under popes St. Agapetus I, St. Silverius, and Vigilius were highly important in the history of the church. [2 Related Articles]
Pelagius II
pope from 579 to 590.
Pelargonium abrotanifolium
(from the article "geranium") ...peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including ...
Pelargonium angulosum
(from the article "geranium") The show, or Martha Washington, geraniums (P. × domesticum, largely derived from P. cucullatum, P. angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or ...
Pelargonium capitatum
(from the article "geranium") ...grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, ...
Pelargonium citrosum
(from the article "geranium") ...plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. ...
Pelargonium crispum
(from the article "geranium") ...and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. ...
Pelargonium cucullatum
(from the article "geranium") The show, or Martha Washington, geraniums (P. × domesticum, largely derived from P. cucullatum, P. angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or ...
Pelargonium grandiflorum
(from the article "geranium") The show, or Martha Washington, geraniums (P. × domesticum, largely derived from P. cucullatum, P. angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or ...
Pelargonium graveolens
(from the article "geranium") ...they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P. ...
Pelargonium inguinans
(from the article "geranium") ...and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) ...
Pelargonium odoratissimum
(from the article "Geraniales") ...carpels separate into five one-seeded mericarps at maturity. The family is known for the production of essential oils and cultivated ornamentals. Geranium oil, used in perfumes, is produced by Pelargonium ...
Pelargonium zonale
(from the article "geranium") ...have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) are the familiar ...
Pelasgi
the people who occupied Greece before the 12th century BC. The name was used only by ancient Greeks. The Pelasgi were mentioned as a specific people by several Greek authors, ... [2 Related Articles]
Pelavicino, Oberto
leader of the Ghibelline (imperial) party in northern Italy and powerful supporter of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his sons.
Pelayo
founder of the Christian kingdom of Asturias in northern Spain, which survived through the period of Moorish hegemony to become the spearhead of the Christian Reconquista in the later Middle ... [2 Related Articles]
Pele
(from the article "Kilauea") ...feet (150 m). The floor, paved with recent lava flows, contains the Halemaumau ("Fern House") Pit, an inner crater that is Kilauea's most active vent. Halemaumau is the legendary home ...
Pele
football (soccer) player, in his time probably the most famous and possibly the best-paid athlete in the world. He was part of the Brazilian national teams that won three World ... [1 Related Articles]
Pelean eruption
(from the article "volcano") A Pelean eruption is associated with explosive outbursts that generate pyroclastic flows, dense mixtures of hot volcanic fragments and gas described in the section Lava, gas, and other hazards. Pelean ...
Pelecani
(from the article "pelecaniform") ...thin-shelled egg. Young naked at birth, soon acquire thick white down. 1 genus, Fregata; 5 living species; worldwide in tropical oceans.Horny sheath of bill divided by deep grooves ...
pelecaniform
any of the relatively large and diverse group of aquatic birds that share the common characteristic of webbing between all four toes. Order Pelecaniformes contains the three suborders Fregatae, Pelecani, ... [1 Related Articles]
Pelee Island
island, in Lake Erie, southern Ontario, Canada. It lies near the Ohio boundary, a few miles south of Point Pelee National Park and has an area of 18 square miles ...
Pelee, Mount
active volcanic mountain on the Caribbean island of Martinique. Situated 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Fort-de-France, it reaches an elevation of 4,583 feet (1,397 metres). Pelee, whose name is ... [5 Related Articles]
Peleng
(from the article "Banggai Islands") ...and approximately 100 islets in Sulawesi Tengah provinsi ("province"), Indonesia. The archipelago is situated between the Sula and Celebes islands at the entrance to Tolo Gulf. Peleng, the largest of ...
Peletier, Jacques
French poet and critic whose knowledge and love of Greek and Latin poetry earned him a membership in the important and prestigious group of French poetry reformers known as La ... [1 Related Articles]
Peleus
in Greek mythology, king of the Myrmidons of Thessaly; he was most famous as the husband of Thetis (a sea nymph) and the father of the hero Achilles, whom he ... [2 Related Articles]
Pelevin, Viktor
The reputation of the Russian writer Viktor Pelevin continued to grow among readers in the West in 2000. Buddha's Little Finger, the English translation of his novel Chapayev i pustota ...
Pelger, Susanne
(from the article "photoreception") ...because it was "an organ of extreme perfection and complication." Thus, it might be expected that eye evolution would take a long time. In 1994 Swedish zoologists Dan-Eric Nilsson and ...
Pelham
(from the article "Massachusetts") ...of the Hawthornes. Past the Old Mill and Longfellow's Wayside Inn in Sudbury are Worcester and then Springfield, where the armoury and arsenal are reminders of the city's famous rifle. ...
Pelham
(from the article "horsemanship") The Pelham is a snaffle with a straight mouthpiece; cheekpieces with rings at the lower ends for curb action; and a curb chain, with which pressure may be applied to ...
Pelham, Henry
prime minister of Great Britain from 1743 to 1754. A somewhat colourless politician, he worked for peace abroad and introduced important financial reforms. [6 Related Articles]
Pelham, Peter
(from the article "Copley, John Singleton") Little is known of Copley's boyhood. He gained familiarity with graphic art from his stepfather, the limner and engraver Peter Pelham, and developed an early sense of vocation: before he ...
Pelias
in Greek mythology, a king of Iolcus in Thessaly who imposed on his half-nephew Jason the task of bearing off the Golden Fleece. According to Homer, Pelias and Neleus were ... [1 Related Articles]
pelican
any of seven or eight species of water birds constituting the family Pelecanidae (order Pelecaniformes), distinguished by their large, elastic throat pouches. Pelicans inhabit lakes, rivers, and seacoasts in many ... [4 Related Articles]
pelican's foot shell
(from the article "gastropod") ...and operculum greatly modified and move with a lurching motion; feed on algae and plants; some species used for human food; conchs (Strombidae) of tropical oceans and the pelican's foot ...
Peligot, Eugene-Melchior
(from the article "uranium") ...is a poor conductor of electricity. Though discovered (1789) by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named it after the then recently discovered planet Uranus, the metal itself was first isolated (1841) ...
Peligre
(from the article "Haiti") ...near the Dominican border, where they join the river proper as it turns westward, skirting the Noires Mountains as it flows to the Gulf of Gonave. In eastern Haiti the ...
Peligre Dam
(from the article "Artibonite River") Large tracts of irrigated land were developed as part of the Artibonite Valley Agricultural Project. The focus of the project was the Peligre Dam, which was initiated in 1930 as ...
Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan, Jr.
American historian (b. Dec. 17, 1923, Akron, Ohio-d. May 13, 2006, Hamden, Conn.), was widely recognized as one of the foremost historians of the Christian church. Pelikan earned a Bachelor ... [1 Related Articles]
pelike
(from the article "Marsyas Painter") Greek painter of the late Classical period, known for a pelike (wine container), now in the British Museum, of "Peleus Taming Thetis," and for a "Nuptial Lebes" (the bringing of ...
Pelin, Elin
(from the article "Bulgarian literature") ...and Sreshta (1908; "Meeting") and the dramas Vampir (1902) and Svekurva (1906; "Mother-in-Law"). His contemporary Elin Pelin portrayed his native rural province with wit and humanity in Razkazi (1904 and ...
Pelion, Mount
mountain on the Magnesia peninsula of southeastern Thessaly, Greece, rising to 5,417 feet (1,651 m) at its highest point. Pelion peak (5,075 feet), just northeast of Volos, has a wooded ...
Pelissier, Aimable-Jean-Jacques, duc de Malakoff
French general during the Algerian conquest and the last French commander in chief in the Crimean War.
pelitic rock
(from the article "metamorphic rock") ...sedimentary rock types that can recrystallize into metamorphic rocks, most metamorphic rocks can be described with reference to only four chemical systems: pelitic, calcareous, felsic, and mafic. Pelitic rocksare derived ...
Pell equation
(from the article "number theory") Meanwhile, Indian mathematicians were hard at work. In the 7th century Brahmagupta took up what is now (erroneously) called the Pell equation. He posed the challenge to find a perfect ...
Pella
ancient capital of King Archelaus of Macedonia at the end of the 5th century BC and birthplace of Alexander the Great. The city lay in northern Greece, about 24 miles ... [3 Related Articles]
pellagra
nutritional disorder caused by a dietary deficiency of niacin (also called nicotinic acid) or a failure of the body to absorb this vitamin or the amino acid tryptophan, which is ... [5 Related Articles]
Pellatt, Apsley
(from the article "crystallo ceramie") cut crystal glass in which a decorative ceramic object is embedded. A Bohemian invention of the 18th century, cameo incrustation was taken up in Paris but had no vogue until ...
Pellegrin, Abbe
(from the article "Rameau, Jean-Philippe") ...Rameau was replaced by the younger, avant-garde composer Karl Stamitz. Meanwhile, however, admittance to La Poupliniere's circle had brought Rameau into contact with various literary lights. Abbe Pellegrin, whose biblical ...
Pellegrini, Carlo
caricaturist notable for his portraits of prominent Englishmen appearing in Vanity Fair. [1 Related Articles]
Pellegrini, Carlos
(from the article "Argentina") ...July 1890 a revolt erupted that had strong support from within the army, but it was defeated by loyal elements. Even so, Juarez Celman was forced to step down in ...