| | - Packard, Sophia B.
- American educator, cofounder in Atlanta, Georgia, of a school for African American women that would eventually become Spelman College.
- Packard, Vance Oakley
- U.S. social critic and author of the 1957 best-selling book The Hidden Persuaders, in which he deplored manipulative advertising techniques that used subliminal images and symbols to stimulate consumer sales ...
- packed red blood cell
- (from the article "therapeutics") Packed red blood cells are what remains of whole blood after the plasma and platelets have been removed. A 450-millilitre unit of whole blood is reduced to a 220-millilitre volume. ...
- packed-column chromatography
- (from the article "chromatography") ...is along a coordinate much longer than its width. There are two basic geometries: columnar and planar. In column chromatography the stationary phase is contained in a tube called the ...
- Packer, Alfred
- (from the article "Littleton") Once surrounded by farmlands, Littleton is now largely suburban and effectively indistinguishable from adjoining communities in the Denver metropolitan area. Alfred (or Alferd) Packer (1842-1907), infamous as a murderer and ...
- Packer, Asa
- (from the article "Lehigh University") The university was founded in 1865 by industrialist and philanthropist Asa Packer. Because of Packer's generous donations, there was no tuition charge from 1871 to 1891. Women were admitted into ...
- Packer, Kerry Francis Bullmore
- Australian media magnate (b. Dec. 17, 1937, Sydney, Australia-d. Dec. 26, 2005, Sydney), was at his death the richest man in Australia, with an estimated wealth of A$7 billion (about ... [1 Related Articles]
- packet transmission
- (from the article "telecommunications network") ...communication is necessary. An example of this type of network is the traditional (analog) telephone system. A packet-switched network, on the other hand, routes digital data in small pieces called ...
- packet-switched network
- (from the article "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency") ...than sharing a single computer among a host of terminals (as in time-sharing), ARPANET connected a network of time-sharing computers. Second, this network used the new and unproven technology of ...
- packing
- in mathematics, a type of problem in combinatorial geometry that involves placement of figures of a given size or shape within another given figure-with greatest economy or subject to some ... [2 Related Articles]
- packing
- (from the article "sedimentary rock") In addition to orientation, a factor known as packing contributes to a rock's fabric. Packing refers to the distribution of grains and intergranular spaces (either empty or filled with cement ...
- packing density
- (from the article "sedimentary rock") ...attention is paid to the number of grain-to-grain contacts (packing proximity) and to comparisons between the sum of the lengths of grains to the total length of a traverse across ...
- packing fraction
- (from the article "Harkins, William Draper") Harkins predicted the existence of the neutron and heavy hydrogen (or deuterium) and introduced the concept of the packing fraction, a measure of the energy involved in the association of ...
- packing proximity
- (from the article "sedimentary rock") ...of packing is generally based on the analysis of thin sections of a sedimentary rock using a petrographic microscope. Particular attention is paid to the number of grain-to-grain contacts (packing ...
- Pacoh
- (from the article "Vietnam") ...peoples-such as the Rade (Rhade), Jarai, Chru, and Roglai-speak Austronesian languages, linking them to the Cham, Malay, and Indonesian peoples; others-including the Bru, Pacoh, Katu, Cua, Hre, Rengao, Sedang, Bahnar, ...
- Pacorus
- Parthian prince, son of King Orodes II (reigned c. 55/54-37/36 BC); he apparently never ascended the throne. [3 Related Articles]
- Pacorus II
- king of Parthia (reigned AD 78-c. 115/116). Little is known of his reign, which seems to have been filled with rebellions and the rule of counterkings (Artabanus IV, Osroes, and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Pacquiao, Manny
- (from the article "Boxing") Although he did not hold a major title in 2007, junior lightweight Manny Pacquiao (Philippines) continued to be the number one attraction among the lighter-weight boxers. On April 14 in ...
- Pact government
- (from the article "South Africa") ...for Afrikaans- and English-speaking whites. The June 1924 election propelled Hertzog to the position of prime minister through a coalition between the National and Labour parties known as the Pact ...
- Pact, The
- (from the article "Ireland") ...new president of the Dail, desired an immediate general election to obtain a verdict on the treaty; in the deteriorating conditions Collins and de Valera eventually made an agreement known ...
- pacta sunt servanda
- (from the article "international law") ...Shelf cases (1969). A treaty is based on the consent of the parties to it, is binding, and must be executed in good faith. The concept known by the Latin ...
- pactus
- (from the article "Germanic law") ...laws normally required approval by the popular assemblies. Because of this collaboration between king and people, a compilation was sometimes referred to as an "agreement," or pactus. The Visigothic laws ...
- pacu
- (from the article "South America") ...diverse community is found in the Amazonian and Guianan forests, where the abundance of water and trees makes life easy. Rivers are the realm of large numbers of invertebrates and ...
- Pacuvius, Marcus
- the greatest Roman tragic dramatist before Accius. [2 Related Articles]
- Paczynski, Bohdan
- Polish-born American astrophysicist pioneered a novel method for carrying out astronomical observations of distant objects that produce little or no light of their own. The technique makes use of ...
- pada
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...the classical South Indian dance. The varnam, a completely composed piece, serves mainly as a warming up and is performed at the beginning of a concert. Pada and javali are ...
- Padamo River
- (from the article "Orinoco River") ...meander through the level plains of the Llanos. The volume of the river increases as it receives numerous mountain tributaries, including the Mavaca River on the left bank and the ...
- padan
- (from the article "ceremonial object") ...be cotton, hemp, or wool. In addition, the Zoroastrians and Parsis wear a sacred shirt (sudra) made of two pieces of white cambric stitched together. For ordination, a shawl, a ...
- Padang
- kotamadya (municipality) and capital of West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat) propinsi (province), Indonesia. Padang is the chief port on Sumatra's western coast and is now the main city of the Minangkabau ...
- Padang Highlands
- region near the western coast of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is part of the Barisan Mountains of Sumatera Barat provinsi ("province"). The highest among several volcanoes in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- padauk
- any of several species of tropical trees of the genus Pterocarpus in the family Fabaceae. Padauks of the Indo-Malaysia region have a tendency to be larger than related species elsewhere. ...
- Padaung
- (from the article "body modifications and mutilations") Modification of the torso focuses on the neck, trunk, and breasts. The Padaung women of Myanmar were famous for stretching their necks-by means of coiled brass neck rings-to a length ...
- padavali
- (from the article "South Asian arts") The third genre, padavali ("string of verse") songs, is also found elsewhere; inspired by the religious bhakti movement, the songs resemble the devotional poetry of the Nayanars and Alvars in ...
- Paddington
- area in the borough of Westminster, London. Formerly (until 1965) a metropolitan borough, it is located west of St. Marylebone and north of Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park. Its southern ...
- paddle
- (from the article "canoe") lightweight boat pointed at both ends and propelled by one or more paddles (not oars). Paddlers face the bow.Oceanic artart ...
- paddle shot
- (from the article "cricket") ...of overs (usually 50 per side) leads to a faster paced though much-altered game. In one-day cricket there are some restrictions on placement of fielders. This led to new batting ...
- paddle tennis
- small-scale form of tennis similar to a British shipboard game of the 1890s. Frank P. Beal, a New York City official, introduced paddle tennis on New York playgrounds in the ...
- paddle wheel
- method of ship propulsion that was once widely employed but is now almost entirely superseded by the screw propeller. Early experiments with steam-driven paddles acting as oars led several inventors, ... [2 Related Articles]
- paddlefish
- either of two species of archaic freshwater fish with a paddle-like snout, wide mouth, smooth skin, and cartilaginous skeleton. A relative of the sturgeon, the paddlefish is of the family ... [1 Related Articles]
- paddock dredging
- (from the article "placer mining") ...particular, bucket-ladder dredging, which is characterized by a continuous chain of buckets that rotate around a rigid adjustable frame called the ladder, is used worldwide. A later method known as ...
- Paddock, Charlie
- American sprinter, world-record holder for the 100-metre dash (1921-30) and the 200-metre dash (1921-26). He also held the world record for the 100-yard dash (1921, 1924-26) and the 220-yard dash ...
- paddy
- small, level, flooded field used to cultivate rice in southern and eastern Asia. Wet-rice cultivation is the most prevalent method of farming in the Far East, where it utilizes a ... [5 Related Articles]
- Paderborn
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), central Germany. It lies on the Pader River, a small affluent of the Lippe formed from rain seepage on the slope of ...
- Paderewski, Ignacy Jan
- Polish pianist, composer, and statesman, who was prime minister of Poland in 1919. [1 Related Articles]
- Padilla, Heberto
- controversial poet who came to international attention for a political scandal in revolutionary Cuba that is known as the "Padilla affair." [1 Related Articles]
- Padilla, Jose
- (from the article "Latin America, history of") ...and castas to positions of prominence. Service in the wars was particularly useful in this regard. Men such as the mulattoes Manuel Piar in Venezuela and Jose ...
- Padilla, Juan
- first Christian missionary martyred within the territory of the present United States. [1 Related Articles]
- Padilla, Juan de
- aristocratic Spanish military leader of the Castilian Comunidades (Comuneros) in their unsuccessful revolt (1520-21) against the government of the Habsburg emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain). [1 Related Articles]
- Padjelanta National Park
- park in Norrbotten lan (county), northwestern Sweden, adjoining Norway (west) and Sarek National Park (east). It is the largest of the Swedish national parks and one of the largest parks ...
- padlock
- (from the article "lock") ...the rings are turned so that a particular word or number is formed, the spindle can be drawn out because slots inside the rings all fall in line. Originally, these ...
- Padlock Law
- (from the article "Canalejas, Jose") Spanish statesman and prime minister whose anticlerical "Padlock Law" forbade the establishment of new religious orders and introduced obligatory military service.
- Padma
- (from the article "Laksmi") ...The wife of Vishnu, she is said to have taken different forms in order to be with him in each of his incarnations. Thus when he was the dwarf Vamana, ...
- Padma River
- main channel of the greater Ganges (Ganga) River in Bangladesh. For some 90 miles (145 km) the Ganges River forms the western boundary between India and Bangladesh before it enters ... [2 Related Articles]
- Padmanabhapuram Palace
- (from the article "Nagercoil") ...repairing, and the manufacture of rubber goods. The city has several colleges affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University in Tirunelveli. About 9 miles (14 km) west is the tourist centre of ...
- Padmapada
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...the author of Varttika ("Gloss") on his bhasya and of Naiskarmya-siddhi ("Establishment of the State of Non-Action"), and Padmapada, author of Pancapadika, a commentary on the first five padas, or ...
- Padmasambhava
- legendary Indian Buddhist mystic who introduced Tantric Buddhism to Tibet and who is credited with establishing the first Buddhist monastery there. [9 Related Articles]
- Padmini
- Indian film actress (b. June 12, 1932, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala state, British India-d. Sept. 24, 2006, Chennai [Madras], India), entranced audiences with her beauty and graceful dance moves in more ...
- padrao
- (from the article "Gama, Vasco da") ...named the "Berrio"; and a 200-ton storeship. With da Gama's fleet went three interpreters-two Arabic speakers and one who spoke several Bantu dialects. The fleet also carried padroes (stone pillars) ...
- Padre Island
- barrier island, 113 miles (182 km) long and up to 3 miles (5 km) wide, lying in the Gulf of Mexico along the southeastern coast of Texas, U.S. It extends ... [1 Related Articles]
- Padri
- (from the article "Padri War") (1821-37), armed conflict in Minangkabau (Sumatra) between reformist Muslims, known as Padris, and local chieftains assisted by the Dutch. In the early 19th century the puritan Wahhabiyah sect of Islam ...
- Padri War
- (1821-37), armed conflict in Minangkabau (Sumatra) between reformist Muslims, known as Padris, and local chieftains assisted by the Dutch. In the early 19th century the puritan Wahhabiyah sect of Islam ... [3 Related Articles]
- Padua
- city, Veneto region, northern Italy, on the River Bacchiglione, west of Venice. The Roman Patavium, founded, according to legend, by the Trojan hero Antenor, it was first mentioned in 302 ... [6 Related Articles]
- Padua, University of
- autonomous coeducational state institution of higher learning in Padua, Italy. The university was founded in 1222 by a secession of about a thousand students from the University of Bologna, reinforced ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paduan school
- (from the article "Squarcione, Francesco") early Renaissance painter who founded the Paduan school.influence on BelliniBellini, GiovanniGiovanni's earliest independent paintings were influenced by the late Gothic ...
- Paducah
- city, seat of McCracken county, southwestern Kentucky, U.S., at the confluence of the Ohio (there bridged to Brookport, Illinois) and Tennessee rivers. The site, known as Pekin, was part of ...
- Padzi
- (from the article "Solorese") ...Solor, Adonara, Lomblen, and eastern Flores. The Solorese speak three Malayo-Polynesian dialects in the Ambon-Timor language group. They are divided into two opposing groups, the Demon and the Padzi, who ...
- paean
- solemn choral lyric of invocation, joy, or triumph, originating in ancient Greece, where it was addressed to Apollo in his guise as Paean, physician to the gods. In the Mycenaean ...
- paedogenesis
- reproduction by sexually mature larvae, usually without fertilization. The young may be eggs, such as are produced by Miastor, a genus of gall midge flies, or other larval forms, as ... [1 Related Articles]
- paedomorphosis
- retention by an organism of juvenile or even larval traits into later life. There are two aspects of paedomorphosis: acceleration of sexual maturation relative to the rest of development (progenesis) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paekche
- one of three kingdoms into which ancient Korea was divided before 660. Occupying the southwestern tip of the Korean peninsula, Paekche is traditionally said to have been founded in 18 ... [10 Related Articles]
- Paektu, Mount
- (from the article "Korea, North") ...most of the country. The Kaema Highlands in the northeast have an average elevation of 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) above sea level and form the topographic roof of the entire ...
- Paeligni
- ancient people of central Italy, whose territory lay inland on the eastward slopes of the Apennines. Though akin to the Samnites, they formed a separate league with their neighbours the ... [1 Related Articles]
- paella
- in Spanish cuisine, a dish of saffron-flavoured rice cooked with meats, seafood, and vegetables. Originating in the rice-growing areas on Spain's Mediterranean coast, the dish is especially associated with the ...
- paellera
- (from the article "paella") ...meats, seafood, and vegetables. Originating in the rice-growing areas on Spain's Mediterranean coast, the dish is especially associated with the region of Valencia. Paella takes its name from the paellera, ...
- paenula
- (from the article "religious dress") The distinctive garb of the liturgical celebrant is the chasuble, a vestment that goes back to the Roman paenula. The paenula also was the Orthodox equivalent of the chasuble, the ...
- Paeonia
- the land of the Paeonians, originally including the whole Axius (Vardar) River valley and the surrounding areas, in what is now northern Greece, Macedonia, and western Bulgaria. The Paeonians, who ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paeoniaceae
- the peony family of the order Dilleniales, consisting of the genus Paeonia with about 33 species distributed in Europe, Asia, and western North America. They are perennial herbs or sometimes ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paeonian
- (from the article "Paeonia") the land of the Paeonians, originally including the whole Axius (Vardar) River valley and the surrounding areas, in what is now northern Greece, Macedonia, and western Bulgaria. The Paeonians, who ...
- Paeonius
- Greek sculptor, native of Mende in Thrace, a contemporary of the sculptors Phidias and Polyclitus. [1 Related Articles]
- Paer, Ferdinando
- Italian composer who, with Domenico Cimarosa and Nicola Antonio Zingarelli, was one of the principal composers of opera buffa of his period. [2 Related Articles]
- Paeroa
- borough, northern North Island, New Zealand, situated along the Ohinemuri River near its junction with the Waihou. Paeroa (from a Maori word meaning "long ridge") was founded in the early ...
- Paestum
- ancient city in southern Italy near the west coast, 22 miles (35 km) southeast of modern Salerno and 5 miles (8 km) south of the Sele (ancient Silarus) River. Paestum ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paez
- Indians of the southern highlands of Colombia. The Paez speak a Chibchan language very closely related to that of the now-extinct Pijao and Coconuco (see Chibchan languages). [2 Related Articles]
- Paez, Jose Antonio
- Venezuelan soldier and politician, a leader in the country's independence movement and its first president. In the crucial early years of Venezuelan independence, he led the country as a dictator. [3 Related Articles]
- Paez, Pedro
- learned Jesuit priest who, in the tradition of Frumentius-founder of the Ethiopian church-went as a missionary to Ethiopia, where he became known as the second apostle of Ethiopia. [2 Related Articles]
- Pagadian
- city, western Mindanao, Philippines. Located on Pagadian Bay (a northern extension of Illana Bay), it is a major port shipping rice and corn (maize); coconuts are the region's main commercial ...
- Pagan
- king of Myanmar (1846-53), who suffered defeat in the Second Anglo-Burmese War, after which Yangon (Rangoon), the province of Pegu, and other areas in southern Myanmar were annexed by the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pagan
- village, central Myanmar (Burma), situated on the left bank of the Irrawaddy River and approximately 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Mandalay. The site of an old capital city of ... [4 Related Articles]
- Pagan
- (from the article "Northern Mariana Islands") ...km]), Tinian (39 square miles [101 square km]), and Rota (33 square miles [85 square km]) are the principal islands and, together with Anatahan, Alamagan, and Agrihan, are inhabited. Another ...
- Pagan Federation
- (from the article "Wicca") ...the 21st century began, Wiccans and Neo-Pagans were found throughout the English-speaking world and across northern and western Europe. Two international fellowships, the Pagan Federation and the Universal Federation of ...
- Pagan kingdom
- (from the article "Myanmar") The kingdom of Pagan (849-c. 1300)conflict with Mon kingdomMon kingdomAbout the same period, southward-migrating Burmans took over lands in central ...
- Pagan Way
- (from the article "Neo-Paganism") ...Church of All Worlds, the largest of all the pagan movements, which centres on worship of the earth-mother goddess; Feraferia, based on ancient Greek religion and also centred on goddess ...
- Pagan, Mount
- (from the article "Northern Mariana Islands") ...southern islands (Farallon de Medinilla, Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan) are composed of limestone and have gently rolling elevations and few mountains. The islands farther north are volcanic peaks. Mount Pagan ...
- paganica
- (from the article "golf") The origin of golf has long been debated. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, which involved using a bent stick to ...
- Paganini, Niccolo
- Italian composer and principal violin virtuoso of the 19th century. A popular idol, he inspired the Romantic mystique of the virtuoso and revolutionized violin technique. [3 Related Articles]
- paganism
- (from the article "celibacy") In the great pagan religions of the ancient Mediterranean, celibacy was practiced in various contexts. In Rome the institution of the Vestal Virgins, who were required to remain celibate for ...
- paganus
- (from the article "ancient Rome") ...Syriac, Libyphoenician, or Coptic, which further isolated them-and their own religion, marriage customs, and forms of entertainment. In time, the very term "country dweller," paganus, set the rural population still ...
- Pagasae
- (from the article "Volos") ...of the Bronze Age (c. 2500 BC) and capital of Mycenaean Thessaly. The Neolithic towns of Sesklo and Dimini also stood near present-day Volos, and just south of it are ...
- Pagasai, Gulf of
- gulf of the Aegean Sea, nomos (department) of Magnisia, Thessaly, Greece. The gulf is almost landlocked by a fishhook prong of the Magnesia peninsula, which forms the Trikkeri Strait. At ...
- page
- (from the article "computer science") ...the illusion of working with a large block of contiguous memory space (perhaps even larger than real memory), when in actuality most of their work is on auxiliary storage (disk). ...
- page
- in medieval Europe, a youth of noble birth who left his home at an early age to serve an apprenticeship in the duties of chivalry in the family of some ... [2 Related Articles]
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