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pawn promotion ... Peace Park

pawn promotion: (from the article "chess") ...been captured had it moved only one square. The first pawn can take the advancing pawn en passant, as if it had advanced only one square. An en passant capture ...
pawnbroking: business of advancing loans to customers who have pledged household goods or personal effects as security on the loans. The trade of the pawnbroker is one of the oldest known ... [1 Related Articles]
Pawnee: North American Indian people of Caddoan linguistic stock who lived on the Platte River in what is now Nebraska, U.S., from before the 16th century to the latter part of ... [4 Related Articles]
pawpaw: deciduous tree or shrub of the custard-apple family, Annonaceae (order Magnoliales), native to the United States from the Atlantic coast north to New York state and west to Michigan and ... [1 Related Articles]
Pawtucket: city, Providence county, northeastern Rhode Island, U.S., on the Blackstone River (there bridged and known locally as the Pawtucket or the Seekonk) just northeast of Providence city and adjoining the ...
Pawtuxet River: (from the article "Rhode Island") ...drain the northern part of the state. Originating in Massachusetts, the Blackstone once provided waterpower for the textile mills built at Woonsocket, Pawtucket, and a dozen villages in between. The ...
Pawumwa: (from the article "South American forest Indian") ...include the perforation of the lips, nasal septum, or ear lobes, the painting of the body, and the use of various adornments. A little stick passed through the nasal septum, ...
Pax: in Roman religion, personification of peace, probably recognized as a deity for the first time by the emperor Augustus, in whose reign much was made of the establishment of political ...
Pax Britannica: (from the article "international relations") ...Revolution was Great Britain, whose priority in the techniques of the factory system and of steam power was the foundation for a period of calm confidence known (with some exaggeration) ...
Pax Hispanica: (from the article "Spain") ...became preoccupied with its internal problems. The years from 1610 to 1630 were the last period in which Spain clearly dominated Europe. For the first of these two decades Europe ...
Pax Romana: a state of comparative tranquillity throughout the Mediterranean world from the reign of Augustus (27 BC-AD 14) to that of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180). Augustus laid the foundation for this ... [1 Related Articles]
Pax Romana Christiana: (from the article "eschatology") ...in the form of a "top-down" millennialism whereby the Christian empire became the fulfillment of the messianic promise. This theocratic identification of the pax romana Christiana (Latin: ...
Pax, Mount: (from the article "Andes Mountains") ...and Lumbaqui are isolated or form irregular short chains and are covered by luxuriant forest. Altitudes do not exceed 7,900 feet, except at Cordilleras del Condor (13,000 feet) and Mount ...
Paxinou, Katina: internationally recognized Greek actress known for her tragic roles in both modern and classic drama. With her second husband, the Greek actor-producer Alexis Minotis, she produced revivals of classic plays ... [1 Related Articles]
Paxistima canbyi: (from the article "Celastraceae") Paxistima (or Pachystima), five species of low, often creeping, North American shrubs, includes P. canbyi, with evergreen leaves and small, greenish flowers.
Paxos: island, Kerkira nomos (department), the smallest of the seven major Ionian Islands of Greece, 8 miles (19 km) southwest of Parga on the coast of Epirus. A hilly mass of ... [2 Related Articles]
Paxton Boys uprising: attack by Pennsylvania frontiersmen upon an Indian settlement that occurred in December 1763 during the Pontiac Indian uprising. About 57 drunken rangers from Paxton, Pa., slaughtered 20 innocent and defenseless ... [2 Related Articles]
Paxton gutter: (from the article "building construction") ...iron trusses of three different spans-7.3 metres (24 feet), 14.6 metres (48 feet), and 21.9 metres (72 feet)-in riveted wrought iron; spanning between the trusses were ingenious "Paxton gutters" made ...
Paxton, Sir Joseph: English landscape gardener and designer of hothouses, who was the architect of the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London. [4 Related Articles]
Paxton, Tom: American folk singer-songwriter who was especially prominent in the folk music revival of the 1960s.
Pay-Khoy Ridge: (from the article "Ural Mountains") ...major part of the traditional physiographic boundary between Europe and Asia. Extending some 1,550 miles (2,500 kilometres) from the bend of the Ural River in the south to the low, ...
Pay-related social insurance: (from the article "Ireland") Pay-related social insurance is paid by most employees age 16 and over. Benefits include widows' and orphans' pensions, unemployment and disability benefits, deserted wives' allowances, and old-age pensions. The indigent ...
Paya: (from the article "Central American and northern Andean Indian") ...was long used as a base by English loggers, buccaneers, and others who sought to undercut Spain's commercial and political dominance throughout the Caribbean, and the Jicaque, Miskito (Mosquito), Paya, ...
Paya language: (from the article "Table 63: South American Indian Language Groups") The Paya language (20) and the Misumalpan family (21) are Central American languages spoken outside of the cultural area of Mesoamerica proper, though they have Mesoamerican outliers in their territory. ...
payada: (from the article "gaucho literature") Spanish American poetic genre that imitates the payadas ("ballads") traditionally sung to guitar accompaniment by the wandering gaucho minstrels of Argentina and Uruguay. By extension, the term ...
payada: (from the article "Uruguay") ...is a folk dance performed at Carnival mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. The guitar is the preferred musical instrument; and, in a popular contest called the
PayCheck, Johnny: American country musician (b. May 31, 1938, Greenfield, Ohio-d. Feb. 18, 2003, Nashville, Tenn.), was a hard-living honky-tonk singer and songwriter who recorded more than 30 albums and had dozens ...
Payen, Anselme: French chemist who made important contributions to industrial chemistry and discovered cellulose, a basic constituent of plant cells.
Payer, Julius: (from the article "Arctic") ...although unsuccessful, resulted in substantial new discoveries. In 1872 an Austro-Hungarian expedition aboard the Tegetthoff under the command of Karl Weyprecht and Julius Payer mounted an attempt ...
Payer, Mount: (from the article "Ural Mountains") ...Mount Konstantinov Kamen in the northeast to the Khulga River in the southeast; most mountains rise to 3,300-3,600 feet (1,000-1,100 metres) above sea level, although the highest peak, Mount Payer, ...
Payette River: watercourse, southwestern Idaho, U.S., formed by the confluence of the North Fork Payette River and South Fork Payette River in Boise National Forest near the village of Banks. The North ...
payload: (from the article "rocket and missile system") ...two or three stages) provides the precise amount of propulsion required to place the missile on a specific ballistic trajectory. Then the engine quits, and the final stage of the ...
payload specialist: (from the article "astronaut") ...astronauts, who expect to fly on several space missions during their time at NASA, there is a third category of individuals who have gone into space on the shuttle. These ...
Payne, Alexander: (from the article "2004: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Charlie Kaufman; story by Charlie Kaufman, Michel Gondry, and Pierre Bismuth for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Adapted Screenplay: Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor ...
Payne, Cecilia: (from the article "physical science") In 1925 Cecilia Payne, a graduate student from Britain at Harvard College Observatory, analyzed the spectra of stars using statistical atomic theories that related them to temperature, density, and composition. ...
Payne, Humfry: English archaeologist noted for the publication Necrocorinthia (1931), in which a vast body of important information on archaic vase painting and other arts practiced at Corinth was gathered and classified.
Payne, John: American actor, a popular leading man during the 1940s who appeared opposite Alice Faye and Betty Grable in a succession of Twentieth Century-Fox musicals.
Payne, John Howard: American-born playwright and actor, who followed the techniques and themes of the European Romantic blank-verse dramatists.
Payne, Lewis: (from the article "Surratt, Mary") Mary Surratt was arrested with Lewis Payne (who had wounded William Seward, the secretary of state), George Atzerodt (who had failed to murder Vice President Andrew Johnson), David Herold (who ...
Payne, Peter: Czech Petra Payna English theologian, diplomat, and follower of the early religious Reformer John Wycliffe; he was a leading figure in securing Bohemia for the Hussites.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act: (from the article "Philippines") Nor was U.S. trade policy conducive to the diffusion of economic power. From 1909 the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act allowed free entry of Philippine products into the U.S. market, at the ...
payoff: (from the article "statistics") ...states of nature are defined so that only one of the states will occur. The outcome resulting from the combination of a decision alternative and a particular state of nature ...
payoff matrix: (from the article "game theory") In the variable-sum game shown in Table 3, each matrix entry consists of two numbers. (Because the combined wealth of the players is not constant, it is impossible to deduce ...
payola: (from the article "disc jockey") ...the success of any record depended on the preferences of the disc jockey. To solicit their favour, record companies began to shower the disc jockeys with money, stocks, or gifts ...
PayPal: American e-commerce company formed in March 2000 that specializes in Internet money transfers. It was heavily used with and eventually purchased by the Internet auction company eBay. Paypal was the ... [1 Related Articles]
payroll tax: levy imposed on wages and salaries. In contrast to income taxes, payroll taxes do not include income from capital sources such as dividends and interest.
pays: (from the article "geography") ...to the Sorbonne in 1898, where he maintained close links with the Annales school of historians. Vidal focused on defining and describing regions, or what he called
pays d'election: (from the article "France") ...return for a reduction in overall taxation, he began to raise money to support the army without having to seek the Estates' approval. In some areas of central France, the ...
pays d'etat: (from the article "Europe, history of") ...for stricter laws after the disorders of 1648, and the Estates-General of France, where the size of the country meant that rulers preferred to deal with the smaller assemblies of ...
pays de droit ecrit: (from the article "Germanic law") ...the south. The regional customs in the north were made up of Germanic and Roman law, the Carolingian capitularies, and canon law, but Germanic elements predominated. In the south, the ...
Pays de la Loire: region of France encompassing the western departements of Mayenne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Vendee, and Loire-Atlantique. Pays de la Loire is bounded by the
Paysandu: city, western Uruguay, on the Uruguay River. The city was founded in 1772 by a priest, Policarpo Sandu, and 12 families of Christianized Indians, who translated the Spanish word
paysannat system: (from the article "farm management") A land-settlement plan, called the paysannat system, in which strips of cultivated land were alternated with bush and grassland, was introduced in the 1930s to increase production. This system, however, ...
Payson: city, Utah county, northern Utah, U.S. Nestled in the foothills of the southern Wasatch Range, the city was founded as an agricultural colony in 1850 and was named after pioneer ...
paytanim: (from the article "Hebrew literature") Synagogues began in this period to appoint official precentors, part of whose duty it was to compose poetical additions to the liturgy on special sabbaths and festivals. The authors were ...
Payton, Lawrence: American singer who for more than 40 years was a member of the Motown group the Four Tops, which sold over 50 million records and had almost 30 singles, including ... [1 Related Articles]
Payton, Walter: American professional gridiron football player whose productivity and durability made him one of the game's greatest running backs. He retired in 1987 as the leading rusher in the history of ... [1 Related Articles]
payusnaya caviar: (from the article "caviar") ...it found its way to the tables of Soviet dignitaries and that of the shah of Iran. Lesser grades of caviar, made from broken or immature eggs, are more heavily ...
Paz Estenssoro, Victor: Bolivian statesman, founder and principal leader of the left-wing Bolivian political party National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), who served three times as president of Bolivia (1952-56, 1960-64, 1985-89). [2 Related Articles]
Paz Garcia, Policarpo: Honduran politician and military leader (b. Dec. 7, 1932, Goascoran, Honduras-d. April 16, 2000, Tegucigalpa, Honduras), was the last military ruler of Honduras. As an infantry officer, Paz distinguished himself ...
Paz, Octavio: Mexican poet, writer, and diplomat, recognized as one of the major Latin American writers of the 20th century. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990. (See Nobel Lecture: ... [3 Related Articles]
Pazardzhik: town, west-central Bulgaria. It lies along the upper Maritsa River, between the Rhodope Mountains to the south and the Sredna Mountains to the north. It is a rail junction and ...
Pazmany, Peter: (from the article "Hungarian literature") By the end of the 16th century the Counter-Reformation was gaining momentum in western Hungary. A Jesuit cardinal, Peter Pazmany, a master of Hungarian prose, was outstanding as an orator ...
Pazyryk: Scythian burial site in a dry valley opening on the Bolshoy Ulagan River valley in Kazakhstan. The site, which consists of five large and nine smaller burial mounds and dates ... [5 Related Articles]
Pazzi Chapel: (from the article "Brunelleschi, Filippo") ...business). Work probably did not begin before 1442; the building still was not complete in 1457. Brunelleschi used mathematical modules and geometric formulas for the plan and elevation of the ...
Pazzi conspiracy: (April 26, 1478), unsuccessful plot to overthrow the Medici rulers of Florence; the most dramatic of all political opposition to the Medici family. The conspiracy was led by the rival ... [1 Related Articles]
Pazzi family: (from the article "Brunelleschi, Filippo") About 1429 another wealthy and influential Florentine family, the Pazzi, commissioned Brunelleschi to design a chapel adjacent to the monastic Church of Santa Croce that was intended to be a ...
Pazzi, Roberto: (from the article "Italian literature") ...Declares: A Testimony) is the story of the 1938 crisis of conscience of a Lisbon journalist under the regime of Antonio Oliviera de Salazar. Conscientiously constructed are Roberto Pazzi's pseudo-historical ...
Pazzi, War of the: (from the article "Italy") ...rule. In April 1478 the Pazzi assassinated Lorenzo's brother Giuliano but failed to kill Lorenzo, and the insurgents, denied support by the citizens, were captured and executed. Yet the "War ...
PCP: hallucinogenic drug with anesthetic properties, having the chemical name 1-(1-phencyclohexyl) piperidine. PCP was first developed in 1956 by Parke Davis Laboratories of Detroit for use as an anesthetic in veterinary ... [1 Related Articles]
PDA: (from the article "Digital Consumer Electronics Boom") Personal digital assistants (PDAs), a favourite consumer product in earlier years, continued their worldwide sales decline, at least as stand-alone devices. According to market research firm IDC, unit sales of ...
PDE-5 inhibitor: category of drugs that relieve erectile dysfunction (impotence) in men. Two common commercially produced PDE-5 inhibitors are sildenafil (sold as Viagra) and vardenafil (Levitra). PDE-5 inhibitors work by blocking, or ... [1 Related Articles]
Pe-har: (from the article "Five Great Kings") ...five brothers who came to Tibet from northern Mongolia, and they are usually shown wearing broad-rimmed helmets. Diverse traditions exist, but they are generally identified as the following: (1) Pe-har, ...
pea: any of several species, comprising hundreds of varieties, of herbaceous annual plants belonging to the family Leguminosae, grown virtually worldwide for their edible seeds. Pisum sativum is the common garden ... [4 Related Articles]
pea aphid: (from the article "aphid") The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is pale green. It overwinters on clover and alfalfa, migrating to peas in spring. The yellow bean mosaic virus it transmits is often responsible for ...
pea crab: any member of a genus (Pinnotheres) of crabs (order Decapoda) living in the mantle cavity of certain bivalve mollusks, echinoderms, and polychaetes as a commensal (i.e., on or in another ... [1 Related Articles]
Pea Ridge, Battle of: bitterly fought American Civil War clash in Arkansas, during which 11,000 Union troops under General Samuel Curtis defeated 16,000 attacking Confederate troops led by Generals Earl Van Dorn, Sterling Price, ... [1 Related Articles]
pea weevil: (from the article "seed beetle") ...in length, and black or brown in colour. In adults, the abdomen extends beyond the short forewings (elytra) and the head is extended into a broad, short snout. The life ...
Peabody: city, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Boston. Originally part of Salem, it became part of Danvers in 1752 and was separately incorporated ... [1 Related Articles]
peabody: (from the article "fox-trot") ...are done in other positions. Fox-trots for fast music include the one-step (one walking step to each musical beat) popularized by Irene and Vernon Castle shortly after the dance's inception ...
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology: (from the article "anthropology") ...of Archaeology and Anthropology (1887) in Philadelphia all included artifacts considered anthropological from their beginnings. The country's first museum devoted entirely to anthropology was the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and ...
Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer: American educator and participant in the Transcendentalist movement, who opened the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. [1 Related Articles]
Peabody, George: American-born merchant and financier whose banking operations in England helped establish U.S. credit abroad. [2 Related Articles]
Peabody, Josephine Preston: American writer of verse dramas and of poetry that ranged from precise, ethereal verse to works of social concern.
Peabody, Lucy Whitehead McGill Waterbury: American missionary who was an influential force in a number of Baptist foreign mission societies from the 1880s well into the 20th century.
peace: (from the article "Nobel Prize winners by category (peace)") The Vietnam War ensured that discussions of the justness of war and the legitimacy of conscription and civil disobedience were prominent in early writings in applied ethics. There was considerable ...
Peace and Friendship and Cooperation, Treaty of: (from the article "India") India's stunning victory over Pakistan in the Bangladesh war was achieved in part because of Soviet military support and diplomatic assurances. The Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation, signed in ...
Peace and Longevity, Palace of: (from the article "Palace Museum") ...Other areas of the palace contain displays of bronzes, sculptures, pottery and porcelain, jade, and silks. Some of the treasures are exhibited in the northeast corner of the palace, known ...
Peace and National Reconciliation, Charter for: (from the article "Algeria") ...wake of a decade of civil war. The president himself had taken a lengthy convalescence the previous year, owing to a stomach illness. It delayed the introduction of the enabling ...
peace building: (from the article "United Nations") International armed forces were first used in 1948 to observe cease-fires in Kashmir and Palestine. Although not specifically mentioned in the UN Charter, the use of such forces as a ...
peace church: (from the article "Brethren") The Brethren are considered one of the three historic "peace churches," along with the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and Mennonites, because of a continuing (but not unanimous) adherence to ...
peace conference: (from the article "diplomacy") ...(later the International Telecommunication Union). In 1874 the General Postal Union (later the Universal Postal Union) was established. Afterward, specialized agencies like these proliferated. The peace conferences at The Hague ...
Peace Corps: U.S. government agency of volunteers, created by the Peace Corps Act of 1961. (From 1971 to 1982 it was a subagency of an independent agency called ACTION.) It was initiated ... [2 Related Articles]
Peace Jubilee festival: (from the article "music festival") In the United States, several large-scale choral festivals on the English model were held in the 19th century. In 1869 and 1872 the celebrated bandmaster Patrick Gilmore organized two Peace ...
Peace Kannon: (from the article "Utsunomiya") ...century. Tourism is based on several old temples and other places of interest. The Oya Temple was founded during the Heian era (794-1185) and contains the oldest Buddhist images in ...
peace lily: (from the article "houseplant") ...as pothos, or ivy-arums, are tropical climbers from the Malaysian monsoon area; their variegated leaves are usually small in the juvenile stage. They do well in warm and even overheated ...
Peace Memorial Park: (from the article "Hiroshima") ...of radiation in Hiroshima. Five public hospitals and 40 private clinics give free treatment to victims of the bombing. Hiroshima Castle was restored in 1957 and houses a museum of ...
Peace Mission: predominantly black 20th-century religious movement in the United States, founded and led by Father Divine (1878/80-1965), who was regarded, or worshiped, by his followers as God, Dean of the Universe, ...
Peace Mission 2007: (from the article "Multinational and Regional Organizations") In August the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) conducted Peace Mission 2007, its first joint training exercise, which involved more than 6,000 troops from six countries (China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, ...
peace movement: (from the article "international relations") The third focal point of international relations scholarship during the early part of the interwar period was an offshoot of the peace movement and was concerned primarily with understanding the ...
Peace Park: (from the article "Nagasaki") ...Buddhist monks. A fine view of Nagasaki-ko is offered by the Glover Mansion, the home of a 19th-century British merchant and reputed to be the site of Puccini's opera Madama ...