| | - Pasha, Ragib Mehmed
- (from the article "Mustafa III") Though Mustafa and his able grand vizier, Ragib Mehmed Pasha, understood the necessity for reform, their efforts were directed toward the results, not the causes, of the Ottoman decline. They ...
- Pashko, Gramoz
- (from the article "Albania") ...appointed head of the KKRT, resigned in protest. He argued that the KKRT should remain free of political appointees. Albania's opposition lost a prominent member when former deputy prime minister ...
- Pashto language
- Eastern Iranian language spoken by the Pashtun in eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. Its dialects fall into two main divisions: the southern, which preserves the ancient sh (as in "Pashto") ... [8 Related Articles]
- Pashto literature
- (from the article "Pashto language") Pashto literature exists certainly from the 17th century, less certainly from the 11th. The national poet of Afghanistan, Khushhal Khan (1613-94), chief to the Khatak tribe, wrote spontaneous and forceful ...
- Pashtun
- Pashto-speaking people of southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They constitute the majority of the population of Afghanistan and bore the exclusive name of Afghan before that name came to denote ... [10 Related Articles]
- Pashtunistan
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...relations, and internal development using Afghan funds alone. World War II brought about a slowdown in development processes, but Afghanistan maintained its traditional neutrality. The "Pashtunistan" problem regarding the political ...
- Pashupata
- perhaps the earliest Hindu sect to worship the god Shiva as the supreme deity; it gave rise in turn to numerous subsects that flourished in Gujarat and Rajasthan, at least ... [4 Related Articles]
- Pashupati
- town, central Nepal, situated in the Kathmandu Valley on the Baghmati River, just east of Kathmandu. Regarded as the holiest place in Nepal, it is the site of an ancient ...
- Pashupati
- (from the article "Hinduism") ...Shiva the sole eternal Lord. Rudra-Shiva developed into an ambivalent and many-sided lord and master. His "doubles" or partial manifestations, however, were active among humankind: as Pashupati ("Lord of Cattle"), ...
- Pasic, Nikola
- prime minister of Serbia (1891-92, 1904-05, 1906-08, 1909-11, 1912-18) and prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (1918, 1921-24, 1924-26). He was one of the founders, in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pasig River
- river draining Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, into Manila Bay at Manila. It flows north-northwest through the market town of Pasig and bisects Manila, then enters ... [2 Related Articles]
- Pasinetti, Francesco
- Italian motion picture director, historian, critic, comedy writer, screenwriter, and film scholar.
- Pasion
- (from the article "metic") ...of manpower and skilled labour, they constituted a large part of the population of Athens by the 5th century BC. Cephalus, father of Lysias and a metic, was a character ...
- Pasion River
- (from the article "Usumacinta River") river in southeastern Mexico and northwestern Guatemala, formed by the junction of the Pasion River, which arises in the Sierra de Santa Cruz (in Guatemala), and the Chixoy River, which ...
- Pasiphae
- (from the article "Minotaur") in Greek mythology, a fabulous monster of Crete that had the body of a man and the head of a bull. It was the offspring of Pasiphae, the wife of ...
- Pasiphae
- (from the article "Moons of Jupiter") Before the turn of the 21st century, eight outer moons were known, comprising two distinct orbital families (as can be seen in the table). The more distant group-made up of ...
- Pasiteles
- Greek sculptor notable for having written a book, in five volumes, about works of art throughout the world. None of Pasiteles' own sculpture has survived.
- Pasithea
- (from the article "Hypnos") ...of Homer's Iliad, Hypnos is enlisted by Hera to lull Zeus to sleep so that she can aid the Greeks in their war against Troy. As a ...
- Paskalis, Kostas
- Greek operatic baritone was admired for his vocal artistry, acting skills, and compelling stage presence, especially in Giuseppe Verdi operas. Paskalis made his principal debut with the Greek National ...
- Paskevich, Ivan Fyodorovich, Graf Yerevansky, Knyaz Varshchavsky
- military officer and administrator in the Russian government who suppressed the Polish insurrection of 1830-31.
- Pasmore, Victor
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...and anarchic qualities of art were being developed as a new tradition, while geometric abstraction was seen to be the natural basis for the arts that are public and communal ...
- paso doble
- (from the article "bullfighting") As the spectators are entering the arena and locating their seats, a band will often be playing a spirited bullring march (paso doble); many
- Paso, Fernando del
- Mexican novelist and artist known for his long, experimental, often humorous novels covering the breadth and history of Mexican culture.
- Pasolini, Pier Paolo
- Italian motion-picture director, poet, and novelist, noted for his socially critical, stylistically unorthodox films. [6 Related Articles]
- Paspalum
- genus of annual and perennial grasses of the family Poaceae, containing about 400 species distributed throughout warm regions of the world. Some are valuable forage grasses. P. dilatatum, a South ...
- Pasqua, Charles
- At the end of 1994 things were looking good for Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, France's premier flic, or "top cop." The international assassin Carlos "the Jackal" was safely under lock ...
- Pasquier, Etienne
- French lawyer and man of letters who is known for his Recherches de la France, 10 vol. (1560-1621), which is not only encyclopaedic but also an important work of historical ...
- Pasquier, Etienne, duc de
- French statesman and the last chancellor of France.
- pasquinade
- brief and generally anonymous satirical comment in prose or verse that ridicules a contemporary leader or national event. Pasquinade is derived from "Pasquino," the popular name for the remains of ...
- pass
- (from the article "basketball") Throwing, batting, or rolling the ball to another player. The main types are (1) the chest pass, in which the ball is released from a position in front of the ...
- Pass Christian
- city, Harrison county, southern Mississippi, U.S., just west-southwest of Gulfport, on Mississippi Sound (an embayment of the Gulf of Mexico). It is named for the nearby deepwater channel known as ...
- Pass Christian, Battle of
- (from the article "Bay Saint Louis") ...1818 and as the city of Bay Saint Louis in 1882. During the War of 1812, the bay (named in 1699 for Louis IX of France) was the scene (1814) ...
- pass law
- (from the article "apartheid") ...of South Africa's land for the white minority. To help enforce the segregation of the races and prevent blacks from encroaching on white areas, the government strengthened the existing "pass" ...
- Pass, Joe
- (JOSEPH ANTHONY JACOBI PASSALAQUA), U.S. guitarist (b. Jan. 13, 1929, New Brunswick, N.J.--d. May 23, 1994, Los Angeles, Calif.), was a technically skilled jazz virtuoso who overcame drug addiction to ...
- passacaglia
- (Italian, from Spanish passacalle, or pasacalle: "street song"), musical form of continuous variation in 34 time; and a courtly dance. The dance, as it first appeared in 17th-century Spain, was ...
- passage
- (from the article "horsemanship") ...are the pirouettes, which are turns on the haunches at the walk and the canter; the piaffe, in which the horse trots without moving forward, backward, or sideways, the impulse ...
- passage grave
- (from the article "megalith") ...and a flat roofing slab, all covered by a protective mound of earth that in most cases has weathered away. In northern and western Europe, two principal plans developed from ...
- passage tomb
- (from the article "Ireland") Another notable feature of the Irish Neolithic is the passage tomb. This megalithic tomb, unlike the long-barrow types, is set in a round mound, sited usually on a hilltop and ...
- passager
- (from the article "falconry") ...has its own language, much of which is universal. A young hawk taken from a nest in the wild or bred in captivity is known as an eyas. A hawk ...
- Passaic
- county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., bordered by New York state to the north and the Pequannock and Pompton rivers to the south; the Passaic River, which crosses the southeastern portion ...
- Passaic
- city, Passaic county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., on the Passaic River, 9 miles (14 km) north of Newark. It was established by the Dutch in 1678 as a fur-trading post. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Passaic River
- river, rising near Morristown, southeastern Morris county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It flows south past Millington, then north and east to Paterson and its Great Falls (70 feet [21 metres] ... [2 Related Articles]
- Passamaquoddy
- Algonquian-speaking North American Indians who lived on Passamaquoddy Bay, the St. Croix River, and Schoodic Lake on the boundary between what are now Maine, U.S., and New Brunswick, Can. [1 Related Articles]
- Passamaquoddy Bay
- inlet of the Bay of Fundy (Atlantic Ocean), between southwestern New Brunswick, Can., and southeastern Maine, U.S., at the mouth of the St. Croix River. Deer Island and Campobello Island ... [1 Related Articles]
- Passaneto family
- (from the article "Italy") ...of royal lands to a grasping baronial class increasingly divided the island. Of particular importance in this group were the three great families of the Ventimiglia, the Chiaramonte, and the ...
- Passarge, Siegfried
- geographer and geomorphologist known for his studies of southern Africa.
- Passarowitz, Treaty of
- (July 21, 1718), pact signed at the conclusion of the Austro-Turkish (1716-18) and the Venetian-Turkish (1716-18) wars at Passarowitz (now Pozerevac, Yugos.). By its terms the Ottoman Turks lost substantial ... [7 Related Articles]
- Passau
- city, Bavaria Land (state), southeastern Germany. It lies at the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ilz rivers, on the Austrian border. [1 Related Articles]
- Passavanti, Jacopo
- (from the article "Italian literature") The most important author of religious literature was Jacopo Passavanti, whose Specchio di vera penitenza ("The Mirror of True Penitence") was a collection of sermons preached in 1354. Less polished, ...
- Passe Crassane
- (from the article "pear") ...such as Beurre Bosc, Beurre d'Anjou, and Winter Nelis are grown. A highly popular variety in England and The Netherlands is Conference and in Italy, after Williams', are Curato, Coscia, ...
- Passe, Simon van de
- (from the article "medal") ...genre is a portrait of Elizabeth I of England's favourite, Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, in 1586, engraved on gold by the Dutch Mannerist engraver and painter Hendrik Goltzius (1558-1617). ...
- passenger car
- (from the article "railroad") The first passenger cars were simply road coaches with flanged wheels. Almost from the beginning, railroads in the United States began to use longer, eight-wheel cars riding on two four-wheel ...
- passenger carrier
- (from the article "ship") Most passenger ships fall into two subclasses, cruise ships and ferries.
- passenger pigeon
- migratory bird hunted to extinction by man. Billions of these birds inhabited eastern North America in the early 1800s; migrating flocks darkened the skies for days. As settlers pressed westward, ... [3 Related Articles]
- passenger transportation
- (from the article "airport") As passenger throughput at airports increases, the passenger terminal becomes a more important element of the airport, attaining a dominant status in the largest facilities. The passenger terminal may amount ...
- Passepa writing system
- (from the article "Indic writing systems") ...by the Kharosthi script.) From the Tibetan script were derived the writing system of the Lepcha (Rong)-the aboriginal inhabitants of Sikkim, India-and the Passepa writing system of the Chinese Imperial ...
- passepied
- lively dance of Brittany adopted c. 1650 by French and English aristocrats, who, during the century of its popularity, frequently danced it dressed as shepherds and shepherdesses. As a court ...
- Passerat, Jean
- French poet who composed elegant and tender verse and was one of the contributors to the "Satire Menippee," the manifesto of the moderate Royalist party in support of Henry of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Passeridae
- (from the article "Passeridae") sparrow weaver family of small gregarious birds, based on the genus Passer, the well-known sparrows. In this work these birds are classified as a subfamily (Passerinae) in the weaverfinch family ...
- passeriform
- any member of the largest order of birds and the dominant avian group on Earth today. The passeriform birds are true perching birds, with four toes, three directed forward and ... [5 Related Articles]
- Passerina
- (from the article "bunting") any of a number of species of seed-eating birds of the family Emberizidae in the Old World genus Emberiza and also a number of American species in ...
- Passerinae
- (from the article "Passeridae") sparrow weaver family of small gregarious birds, based on the genus Passer, the well-known sparrows. In this work these birds are classified as a subfamily (Passerinae) in the weaverfinch family ...
- Passfield White Paper
- (from the article "Palestine") ...to the Zionists under the Balfour Declaration clashed with its general obligations to the Arabs under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. They also formed the ...
- Passifloraceae
- the passion-flower family, in the order Malpighiales, containing 16 genera and 705 species of herbaceous or woody vines, shrubs, and trees, mostly of warm regions. Passifloraceae is most highly developed ... [1 Related Articles]
- passing shot
- (from the article "tennis") ...second shot is an easy "kill." Especially on faster surfaces, the server may also follow his delivery to the net and establish his position. At the net a player is ...
- Passion
- (from the article "Jesus Christ") After supper, Jesus took his disciples to the Mount of Olives to pray. While he was there, Judas led armed men sent by the chief priests to arrest him (Mark ...
- passion
- (from the article "ethics") ...that distress the rest of humanity. This is an accurate representation of a Stoic ideal, but it must be placed in the context of a systematic approach to life. As ...
- Passion music
- musical setting of the suffering and Crucifixion of Christ, based either on biblical texts or poetic elaborations. Dating from the 4th century onward, they range from unaccompanied plainsong to compositions ...
- Passion oratorio
- (from the article "oratorio") ...of setting the words of each character for two or more voices. His oratorios achieve a balance between austerity and exuberance, but by the late 17th century this balance had ...
- Passion play
- religious drama of medieval origin dealing with the suffering, death, and Resurrection of Christ. Early Passion plays (in Latin) consisted of readings from the Gospel with interpolated poetical sections on ... [8 Related Articles]
- passion-flower
- any of about 400 species of tendril-bearing, herbaceous vines comprising the genus Passiflora (family Passifloraceae), with characteristic flowers. Some are important as ornamentals; others are grown for their edible fruits. [3 Related Articles]
- Passionist
- a religious order of men in the Roman Catholic church, founded by Paolo Francesco Danei (now known as St. Paul of the Cross) in Italy in 1720 to spread devotion ... [2 Related Articles]
- Passionist Nuns
- (from the article "Passionist") St. Paul also founded the Passionist Nuns (Nuns of the Cross and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ), approved by Pope Clement XIV in 1771. Passionist Sisters were established in ...
- passive detector
- (from the article "radiation measurement") ...presence of ionizing radiation only after the exposure has occurred. A physical or chemical change is induced by the radiation that is later measured through some type of processing. These ...
- passive dispersal
- (from the article "migration") ...(such as vegetation zones) to climatic (e.g., air masses differing in temperature and humidity, prevailing winds). Fishes may orient themselves by using similar clues in the same way. Passive drifting ...
- passive ecstasy
- (from the article "shamanism") ...The latter has two forms: trances of possession, in which the body of the shaman is possessed by the spirit, and wandering trances, in which his soul departs into the ...
- passive force
- (from the article "muscle") ...not exert any force at lengths less than the normal length of the resting muscle in the body. When resting skeletal muscle is extended somewhat beyond the normal length of ...
- passive heating
- (from the article "solar heating") Passive heating relies on architectural design to heat buildings. The building's site, structure, and materials can all be utilized to maximize the heating (and lighting) effect of the sunlight falling ...
- passive immunization
- (from the article "immunization") ...antibodies do not react to the entire pathogen but only to a specific part of it, which is called an antigen. An individual can acquire immunity for a specific pathogen ...
- passive intellect
- (from the article "epistemology") ...(On the Soul), Aristotle says that the intellect, like everything else, must have two parts: something analogous to matter and something analogous to form. The first of these is the ...
- passive personality principle
- (from the article "international law") The passive personality principle allows states, in limited cases, to claim jurisdiction to try a foreign national for offenses committed abroad that affect its own citizens. This principle has been ...
- passive smoking
- (from the article "lung cancer") Passive inhalation of cigarette smoke (sometimes called secondhand smoke) is linked to lung cancer in nonsmokers. In the early 1990s it was estimated that passive smoking caused some 2,500 to ...
- passive solar energy
- (from the article "building construction") A type of space heating that is increasing in use in residential buildings is passive solar radiation. On sunny winter days, south-facing windows let in substantial amounts of energy, often ...
- passive sonar
- (from the article "sonar") ...wave that spreads outward and is reflected back by a target object. A receiver picks up and analyzes the reflected signal and may determine the range, bearing, and relative motion ...
- passive spread
- (from the article "nervous system") ...potential, it triggers the nerve impulse, or action potential see below. If it does not reach that amplitude, then the neuron remains at rest, and the local potential, through a process ...
- passive transducer
- (from the article "transducer") ...example is the thermocouple; here, the fact that a current will flow in a continuous circuit of two metals, if the two junctions are at different temperatures, is used to ...
- passive transfer
- (from the article "drug") ...the latter being potentially important in breast-feeding mothers. Although some drugs are excreted mainly unchanged into the urine, most are metabolized first. The first stage in excretion involves passive filtration ...
- passive transport
- (from the article "cell") ...concentration gradients down which the solutes spontaneously diffuse, provided they can permeate the lipid bilayer. Membrane channels and diffusion facilitators bring them through the membrane by passive transport; that is, ...
- passive voice
- (from the article "voice") ...form of a verb indicating the relation between the participants in a narrated event (subject, object) and the event itself. Common distinctions of voice found in languages are those of ...
- passive-aggressive personality disorder
- (from the article "personality disorder") ...(i.e., histrionics). Persons with dependent personality disorder lack energy and initiative and passively let others assume responsibility for major aspects of their lives. Persons with passive-aggressive personality disorder express their ...
- passive-guidance system
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") Passive guidance systems neither emitted energy nor received commands from an external source; rather, they "locked" onto an electronic emission coming from the target itself. The earliest successful passive homing ...
- passive-homing antiradiation missile
- (from the article "rocket and missile system") ...Many antiship missiles and some long-range air-to-air missiles, therefore, used inertial guidance to reach the general vicinity of their targets and then active radar guidance for terminal homing. Passive-homing antiradiation ...
- passive-matrix addressing
- (from the article "liquid crystal display") ...plate configuration similar to that of TN displays but with an additional optically active compound, known as a chiral dopant, dissolved in the liquid crystal. The display is activated using ...
- passive-restraint device
- (from the article "vehicular safety devices") Passive-restraint devices protect drivers and passengers without any action on their part. Among those tested was the air bag, an inflatable pillow-like cushion stored in the instrument panel and triggered ...
- Passmore, George
- (from the article "Gilbert & George") ...made up of Gilbert Proesch (b. Sept. 17, 1943Dolomites, Italy) and George Passmore (b. Jan. 8, 1942Plymouth, Devon, Eng.), whose dynamic and often humorous insertion of...
- Passmore, John Arthur
- Australian philosopher (b. Sept. 9, 1914, Manly, N.S.W., Australia-d. July 25, 2004, Canberra, Australia), was a leading figure in the field of applied philosophy, in which philosophical research is applied ...
- Passo Fundo
- city, northern Rio Grande do Sul estado (state), southern Brazil. The city lies near the headwaters of the Passo Fundo River at 2,326 feet (709 m) above sea level. It ...
- Passos
- city, southwestern Minas Gerais estado (state), Brazil. Passos lies along the Bocaina River near the Rio Grande, at 2,388 feet (728 m) above sea level. It was made a seat ...
- Passover
- in Judaism, holiday commemorating the Hebrews' liberation from slavery in Egypt and the "passing over" of the forces of destruction, or the sparing of the firstborn of the Israelites, when ... [18 Related Articles]
- passport
- a formal document or certification issued by a national government identifying a traveler as a citizen or national with a right to protection while abroad and a right to return ...
- password
- (from the article "computer security") ...and other irresponsible behaviours is to electronically track and record the access to, and activities of, the various users of a computer system. This is commonly done by assigning an ...
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