| | - Paria, Gulf of
- inlet of the Caribbean Sea, lying between the Venezuelan coast (including the mountainous Paria Peninsula) and Trinidad. Extending about 100 miles (160 km) east-west and 40 miles (65 km) north-south, ... [1 Related Articles]
- pariage
- (from the article "France") ...Philip insisted upon the service due from fiefs, and he required his vassals to reserve their fealty for him alone. He extended his influence by entering into treaties (
- pariah
- member of a low-caste group of Hindu India, formerly known as "untouchables" but renamed by the Indian social reformer Mahatma Gandhi as Harijans (children of the god Hari Visnu, or, ...
- Parian Chronicle
- document inscribed on marble in the Attic Greek dialect and containing an outline of Greek history from the reign of Cecrops, legendary king of Athens, down to the archonship of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Parian marble
- (from the article "Paros") ...capital, Paros (or Paroikia,), occupying the site of the ancient and medieval capital. The small harbour is excelled by that of Naousa on the north side. White, semitransparent Parian marble ...
- Parian ware
- porcelain introduced about 1840 by the English firm of Copeland & Garrett, in imitation of Sevres biscuit (fired but unglazed porcelain). Its name is derived from its resemblance to Parian ... [4 Related Articles]
- Paribas
- (from the article "BNP Paribas") French banking, financial services, and insurance company created through the 1999 merger of Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas. Its headquarters are in Paris.
- Paricutin
- volcano, western Michoacan state, west-central Mexico, just north of the Tancitaro Peak and 20 miles (32 km) west-northwest of Uruapan. It is one of the youngest volcanoes on Earth. [3 Related Articles]
- Paridae
- songbird family, order Passeriformes, consisting of the titmice and chickadees, about 64 species of small, gregarious birds, primarily of the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. [1 Related Articles]
- parietal bone
- cranial bone forming part of the side and top of the head. In front each parietal bone adjoins the frontal bone; in back, the occipital bone; and below, the temporal ... [2 Related Articles]
- parietal cell
- in biology, one of the cells that are the source of the hydrochloric acid and most of the water in the stomach juices. The cells are located in glands in ... [3 Related Articles]
- parietal lobe
- (from the article "nervous system, human") Some neurons in the parietal cortex become active when a visual stimulus comes in from the edge of the visual field toward the centre, while others are excited by particular ...
- parietal placentation
- (from the article "placenta") ...is frequently of taxonomic value. Placentation is usually submarginal in a simple pistil (female sex organ). In a compound pistil, two or more carpels are used in various ways, placentation ...
- parietal pleura
- (from the article "respiration, human") ...area where airways, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter or leave the lungs. The inside of the thoracic cavities and the lung surface are covered with serous membranes, respectively ...
- parietal serous layer
- (from the article "human cardiovascular system") Smooth, serous (moisture-exuding) membrane lines the fibrous pericardium, then bends back and covers the heart. The portion of membrane lining the fibrous pericardium is known as the parietal serous layer ...
- parieto-occipital fissure
- (from the article "cerebrum") ...Rolando, between the frontal and parietal lobes, which separates the chief motor and sensory regions of the brain; the calcarine fissure on the occipital lobe, which contains the visual cortex; ...
- parikalpita-svabhava
- (from the article "trisvabhava") (1) Parikalpita-svabhava ("the form produced from conceptual construction"), generally accepted as true by common understanding or by convention of the unenlightened.
- Parilia
- ancient Roman festival celebrated annually on April 21 in honour of the god and goddess Pales, the protectors of flocks and herds. The festival, basically a purification rite for herdsmen, ...
- Parima Mountains
- range in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. It is an outlying range of the Guiana Highlands and extends south-southeastward for about 200 miles (320 km), separating Venezuela from Brazil. Its ... [1 Related Articles]
- Parini, Giuseppe
- Italian prose writer and poet remembered for a series of beautifully written Horatian odes and particularly for Il giorno, (4 books, 1763-1801; The Day), a satiric poem ... [1 Related Articles]
- parinirvana
- (from the article "Uttar Pradesh") ...Sarnath near Varanasi and founded a religion that spread not only across India but also to many distant lands, such as China and Japan. The Buddha is said to have ...
- parinispanna-svabhava
- (from the article "trisvabhava") (3) Parinispanna-svabhava ("the form perfectly attained"), the ultimate truth of transcendental emptiness (sunyata).
- Parintintin
- (from the article "Kawaib") The Parintintin economy was typical of the tropical forest, combining agriculture with hunting, gathering, and especially fishing. The Parintintin were, however, continually at war with all outsiders; they were cannibals ...
- Paris
- in Greek legend, son of King Priam of Troy and his wife, Hecuba. A dream regarding his birth was interpreted as an evil portent, and he was consequently expelled from ... [4 Related Articles]
- Paris
- city, seat of Bourbon county, north-central Kentucky, U.S. It lies on the South Fork Licking River, about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Lexington, in the Bluegrass region. First settled ...
- Paris
- city, seat (1844) of Lamar county, northeastern Texas, U.S., on a ridge between the Red and Sulphur rivers, some 105 miles (170 km) northeast of Dallas. Laid out in 1845 ...
- Paris
- city and capital of France, located in the north-central part of the country. People were living on the site of the present-day city, located along the Seine River some 233 ... [53 Related Articles]
- Paris
- (from the article "Romeo and Juliet") ...Prince of Verona, who has been insistent that the family feuding cease. When Juliet's father, unaware that Juliet is already secretly married, arranges a marriage with the eminently eligible Count ...
- Paris anarchists
- (from the article "anarchism") Significant anarchist activity in China itself did not begin until after the Chinese Revolution (1911-12). Chinese anarchists educated in Paris (the so-called "Paris anarchists") returned to Beijing and immediately became ...
- Paris Basin
- geographic region of France, constituting the lowland area around Paris. Geologically it is the centre of a structural depression that extends between the ancient Armoricain Massif (west), the Massif Central ... [4 Related Articles]
- Paris Club
- (from the article "Nigeria") Record crude oil prices in 2006 helped Nigeria to become the first African state to pay off its debt to the Paris Club of rich lenders. Although Nigeria still owed ...
- Paris Codex
- one of the very few texts of the pre-Conquest Maya known to have survived the book burnings by the Spanish clergy during the 16th century (others include the Madrid, Dresden, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paris Conference
- (from the article "international relations") ...bill of 230,000,000,000 gold marks, although the British warned that this was far beyond Germany's capacity to pay. But when German foreign minister Walter Simons offered a mere 30,000,000,000 (Paris ...
- Paris Conservatoire
- (from the article "Berlioz, Hector") ...him the most appeal and authority. His musical vocation had become so clear in his mind that he contrived to be accepted as a pupil of Jean-Francois Lesueur, professor of ...
- Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883
- (from the article "trademark") Although each nation has its own trademark law, there are increasingly multinational efforts to ease registration and enforcement practices. The first international agreement was the Paris Convention for the Protection ...
- Paris Exhibition of 1867
- (from the article "Eiffel, Gustave") ...in metal construction, especially bridges. He directed the erection of an iron bridge at Bordeaux in 1858, followed by several others, and designed the lofty, arched Gallery of Machines for ...
- Paris Gun
- any of several long-range cannon produced by the German arms manufacturer Krupp in 1917-18 during World War I. The guns were so called because they were specially built to shell ... [2 Related Articles]
- Paris I-XIII, Universities of
- universities founded in 1970 under France's 1968 Orientation Act, reforming higher education. They replaced the former University of Paris, one of the archetypal European universities, founded about 1170. [18 Related Articles]
- Paris Metro
- (from the article "Paris") ...and extended since the early 1970s. The underground rail network is now regarded as being among the finest of the world's major cities. Trains on the principal lines of the ...
- Paris motet
- (from the article "music, Western") ...Latin tenere, "to hold"). Later in the 13th century the added words were in French and secular in nature. Finally, each added part was given its own text, resulting in ...
- Paris Observatory
- national astronomical observatory of France, under the direction of the Academy of Sciences. It was founded by Louis XIV at the instigation of J.-B. Colbert, and construction at the site ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paris Olympic Games
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The second modern Olympic competition was relegated to a sideshow of the World Exhibition, which was being held in Paris in the summer of 1900. Pierre, baron de Coubertin, founder ...
- Paris Olympic Games
- (from the article "Olympic Games") The 1924 Games represented a coming of age for the Olympics. Held in Paris in tribute to the baron de Coubertin, the retiring president of the IOC and founder of ...
- Paris Opera
- opera company in Paris that for more than two centuries was the chief performer of serious operas and musical dramas in the French language. It is one of the most ... [7 Related Articles]
- Paris Opera Ballet
- ballet company established in France in 1661 by Louis XIV as the Royal Academy of Dance (Academie Royale de Danse) and amalgamated with the Royal Academy of Music in 1672. ... [10 Related Articles]
- Paris Peace Accords
- (from the article "Laos") An agreement negotiated in January 1973 by the United States and North Vietnam at Paris called for a cease-fire in each of the countries of mainland Southeast Asia, but only ...
- Paris Peace Conference
- (1919-20), the meeting that inaugurated the international settlement after World War I. [32 Related Articles]
- Paris Postal Conference
- (from the article "postal system") The first practical step toward reform did not come until May 1863, when the delegates of 15 European and American postal administrations met at the Paris Postal Conference, convening at ...
- Paris Psalter
- (from the article "painting, Western") Two magnificent manuscripts of this period survive: the Paris Psalter and a book of sermons (Homilies of St. Gregory of Nazianzus), both in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. The former contains ...
- Paris Summit
- (from the article "international relations") ...The Chinese observer at a Warsaw Pact meeting in February 1960 declared in advance that any arms agreements reached at the U.S.-Soviet summit would not be binding on Peking. On ...
- Paris ware
- faience (tin-glazed earthenware) and porcelain ware produced in the Paris region from the 16th century. The hard-paste-porcelain industry in Paris owed its existence to a breach in the Sevres porcelain ...
- Paris, Banque Nationale de
- (from the article "BNP Paribas") French banking, financial services, and insurance company created through the 1999 merger of Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas. Its headquarters are in Paris.
- Paris, Charter of
- (from the article "Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization for") ...between the Western and Soviet blocs in Europe. The number of members was reduced from 35 to 34 by the reunification of Germany that October. The Paris summit was marked ...
- Paris, Commune of
- (from the article "Chaumette, Pierre-Gaspard") ...Paris as a medical student by 1790. As an active Revolutionary he signed the petition (July 17, 1791) that demanded the abdication of Louis XVI. From December 1792 he was ...
- Paris, Commune of
- (1871), insurrection of Paris against the French government from March 18 to May 28, 1871. It occurred in the wake of France's defeat in the Franco-German War and the collapse ... [11 Related Articles]
- Paris, Council of
- (from the article "Chlotar II") Chlotar enjoyed a high reputation among churchmen, relations with whom were regulated in a wide-ranging edict, issued at the Council of Paris in October 614, intended to settle the problems ...
- Paris, Gaston
- greatest French philologist of his age. [1 Related Articles]
- Paris, Matthew
- English Benedictine monk and chronicler, known largely only through his voluminous and detailed writings, which constitute one of the most important sources of knowledge of events in Europe between 1235 ... [2 Related Articles]
- Paris, Peace of
- (1783), collection of treaties concluding the American Revolution and signed by representatives of Great Britain on one side and the United States, France, and Spain on the other. Preliminary articles ... [7 Related Articles]
- Paris, Peace of
- (from the article "Italy") The French campaign in Italy, which assured the political future of Napoleon Bonaparte, began in March 1796. According to the Peace of Paris (May 15, 1796), King Victor Amadeus III ...
- Paris, Philippe d'Orleans, comte de
- pretender to the French throne after the death of Louis-Philippe (1850). The death of his father, Ferdinand, Duke d'Orleans, son and heir of King Louis-Philippe, in 1842 made the young ...
- Paris, Siege of
- (from the article "France") ...of war as well, he threw himself into the task of improvising military resistance. His task was complicated by the advance of the Prussian forces, which, by September 23, surrounded ...
- Paris, Treaties of
- (1814-15), two treaties signed at Paris respectively in 1814 and 1815 that ended the Napoleonic Wars. The treaty signed on May 30, 1814, was between France on the one side ...
- Paris, Treaties of
- (from the article "Paris, Treaties of") (1919-20), collectively the peace settlements concluding World War I and signed at sites around Paris. See Versailles, Treaty of (signed June 28, 1919); Saint-Germain, Treaty of (Sept. 10, 1919); Neuilly, ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Albigenses") ...the Albigensian Crusade, which threw the whole of the nobility of the north of France against that of the south and destroyed the brilliant Provencal civilization, ended, politically, in the ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (1763), treaty concluding the Franco-British conflicts of the Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in North America) and signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on ... [19 Related Articles]
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "international agreement") ...is used to describe the type of treaty structure developed originally by six western European states: France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The first treaty was that of ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Finland") By the Treaty of Paris (1947), made with the Allied Powers after World War II, Finland was permitted to maintain an army of 34,400 individuals, an air force of 3,000 ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Austria") ...(southern Tirol; now part of the Italian Trentino-Alto Adige region) and the problem of association with the European Economic Community (EEC; later renamed the European Community). During the Paris Peace ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (1898), treaty concluding the Spanish-American War. It was signed by representatives of Spain and the United States in Paris on Dec. 10, 1898 (see primary source document: Treaty of Paris). [7 Related Articles]
- Paris, Treaty of
- (1856), treaty signed on March 30, 1856, in Paris that ended the Crimean War. The treaty was signed between Russia on one side and France, Great Britain, Sardinia-Piedmont, and Turkey ... [9 Related Articles]
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Bourbon, House of") ...of Vienna: having assigned Parma to Napoleon's estranged consort Marie-Louise for her lifetime, the Congress had to find some alternative compensation for the still-dispossessed Bourbons. The Treaty of Paris of ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Ionian Islands") ...rule was quickly ended by a Russo-Turkish force (1798-99). Reclaimed by France in 1807 and made an integral part of the French empire under Napoleon, the islands were placed by ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Germany") ...early in 1814, after the allies had launched their invasion of France. In the course of the spring, the capture of Paris, the restoration of the Bourbons, and the conclusion ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Paris, Treaty of") (1783), treaty between Great Britain and the United States concluding the American Revolution. See Paris, Peace of.for more general content related to this topicParis, ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal") ...frontier. Mazarin completed this settlement by arbitrating the "northern peace" (the treaties of Oliva and of Copenhagen on May 3 and May 27, 1660) and by returning Lorraine to its ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...proved impossible, and this was one of the causes for the outbreak of the French war in 1337. Another was the long-standing friction over Gascony, chronic since 1294 and stemming ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "Charles III") ...eldest son of Charles II the Bad. Unlike his father, he pursued a consistent policy of peace both with Castile (which in gratitude restored certain districts to Navarre) and with ...
- Paris, Treaty of
- (from the article "France") ...do homage to Philip V's brother and successor, Charles IV, an old issue relating to French rights in Saint-Sardos (in Agenais) flamed into a war that once again went in ...
- Paris-Match
- weekly pictorial magazine published in France since 1949 as successor to L'Illustration (1843-1944), which was discredited during World War II. A popular pictorial-news and current-events magazine aimed at the middle ... [1 Related Articles]
- Parise, Goffredo
- (from the article "Italian literature") ...the Snow]). By contrast, there were humorous recollections of provincial life under fascism-for example, Mario Tobino's Bandiera nera (1950; "Black Flag") and Goffredo Parise's Prete bello (1954; "The Handsome Priest"; ...
- parish
- (from the article "Louisiana") Local self-government in Louisiana followed the Virginia system of county government. The parish (county), the municipality, and the special district are the units of local government. There are 64 parishes, ...
- parish
- in some Christian church polities, a geographic unit served by a pastor or priest. It is a subdivision of a diocese. [5 Related Articles]
- parish
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...government, each with its own responsibilities, whereas other areas have only a single tier or two tiers. Throughout England, parish and town councils form the lowest tier of local government. ...
- parish library
- (from the article "library") There were, of course, other developments. In England there were established a number of parish libraries, attached to churches and chiefly intended for the use of the clergy (one of ...
- Parish, Sister
- (DOROTHY MAY KINNICUTT), U.S. interior designer (b. July 15, 1910, Morristown, N.J.--d. Sept. 8, 1994, Dark Harbor, Maine), created ageless atmospheres that appealed to both women and men and dictated ...
- parishad
- (from the article "India") ...functioned with the assistance of a council of elders probably selected from the Kshatriya families. The most important institution was the sovereign general assembly, or parishad, to ...
- Parisien, Le
- morning daily newspaper published in Paris, one of the largest and most influential in France. Formerly called Le Parisien Libere ("The Free Parisian"), it was established in ...
- Parisii
- (from the article "Paris") ...now the city of Paris dates from about 7600 BC. By the end of the 3rd century BC, a settlement had been built on the Ile de la Cite; it ...
- parison
- (from the article "plastic") ...containers for products previously marketed in glass is due in no small part to the development of blow molding. In this technique, illustrated in Figure 4, a thermoplastic hollow tube, ...
- paritta
- (from the article "Buddhism") ...are intended to protect against various kinds of danger and to exorcise evil influences. In the Theravada tradition, these rituals are closely associated with texts called parittas, ...
- parity
- in economics, equality in price, rate of exchange, purchasing power, or wages. [4 Related Articles]
- parity
- in physics, property important in the quantum-mechanical description of a physical system. In most cases it relates to the symmetry of the wave function representing a system of fundamental particles. ... [10 Related Articles]
- parity
- (from the article "perfect number") ...is prime; therefore, 7 × 4 = 28 ("the sum multiplied into the last") is a perfect number. Euclid's formula forces any perfect number obtained from it to be even, and in the 18th ...
- Parity Amendment
- (from the article "Bell Trade Act") ...at a rate of 2:1, and provided for free trade between the two countries for 8 years, to be followed by gradual application of tariffs for the next 20 years. ...
- parity check
- (from the article "information theory") A common type of error-detecting code is the parity code, which adds one bit to a block of bits so that the ones in the block always add up to ...
- parity, conservation of
- (from the article "parity") Until 1956 it was assumed that, when an isolated system of fundamental particles interacts, the overall parity remains the same or is conserved. This conservation of parity implied that, for ...
- parivincular ligament
- (from the article "bivalve") ...groups of bivalves. Middorsally an elastic ligament creates the opening thrust that operates against the closing action of the adductor muscles. The ligament typically develops either externally (parivincular) or internally ...
- Parizeau, Jacques
- (from the article "Parti Quebecois") The Parti Quebecois won 77 out of 125 seats in the 1994 provincial election and formed a government under its leader, Jacques Parizeau. In 1995 the party held another referendum ...
- park
- large area of ground set aside for recreation. The earliest parks were those of the Persian kings, who dedicated many square miles to the sport of hunting; by natural progression ... [5 Related Articles]
- Park Chung Hee
- South Korean general and politician, president of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) from 1963 to his death. His 18-year rule brought about enormous economic expansion at the cost of ... [7 Related Articles]
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