| | - Paparizou, Helena
- (from the article "Greece") ...the European football championship, Greece again scored a major sports success as the men's national basketball team on September 25 won the Eurobasket 2005 championship. On May 21 Greek singer ...
- Papaver
- (from the article "poppy") any of several ornamental flowering plants of the poppy family (Papaveraceae), especially species of the genus Papaver, which have lobed or dissected leaves, milky sap, often nodding buds on solitary ...
- Papaveraceae
- poppy family of the order Papaverales, with 44 genera and 760 species; most of these are herbaceous plants, but the family includes some woody shrubs and a genus of small ... [2 Related Articles]
- Papaverales
- (from the article "Magnoliidae") ...Magnoliidae. The orders, arranged more or less from the most primitive to the most advanced, are Magnoliales, Laurales, Piperales, Aristolochiales, Illiciales, Nymphaeales, Ranunculales, and Papaverales. Such a linear sequence of ...
- papaverine
- (from the article "drug use") ...grows naturally throughout most of Asia Minor. Of the 20 or more alkaloids found in opium, only a few are pharmacologically active. The important constituents of opium are morphine (10 ...
- papaya
- succulent fruit of a large plant (Carica papaya) of the family Caricaceae that is considered a tree, though its palmlike trunk, up to 8 m (26 feet) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pape, Jean-Henri
- (from the article "keyboard instrument") ...had to be softer than those used on 18th-century instruments-light slips of wood covered with a few layers of thin leather. Felt-covered hammers were patented in 1826 by the Parisian ...
- Papeete
- commune, capital of the French overseas country of French Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. A gracious tropical city with tall palms and abundant flowers, Papeete lies on the northwest ...
- Papen, Franz von
- German statesman and diplomat who played a leading role in dissolving the Weimar Republic and in helping Adolf Hitler to become German chancellor in 1933. [5 Related Articles]
- Papenbroeck, Daniel van
- (from the article "Bollandist") ...material and, especially on the advice of Henschenius (Godefroid Henskens), an associate, extended the scope of the work. Publication began in Antwerp in 1643 with the two January volumes. From ...
- paper
- matted or felted sheet, usually made of cellulose fibres, formed on a wire screen from water suspension. [60 Related Articles]
- paper birch
- ornamental, shade, and timber tree of the family Betulaceae, native to northern and central North America.
- Paper Brigade
- (from the article "Sutzkever, Avrom") ...II. Sutzkever was also a central cultural figure in the Vilna ghetto, where he organized and inspired revues, exhibitions, lectures, and poetry readings during the war. He was a member ...
- paper cartridge
- (from the article "small arm") ...in the development of breech-loading infantry weapons was achieved by Johann Nikolaus Dreyse, a Prussian. His Zundnadelgewehr ("needle-fired gun"), introduced in 1838, used a paper cartridge with a priming pellet ...
- paper chasing
- (from the article "cross-country") A form of cross-country running in the early 19th century was called paper chasing, or hare and hounds-the "hares" started a few minutes before the others and left a trail ...
- paper chromatography
- in analytical chemistry, technique for separating dissolved chemical substances by taking advantage of their different rates of migration across sheets of paper. It is an inexpensive but powerful analytical tool ... [6 Related Articles]
- paper folding
- art of folding objects out of paper without cutting, pasting, or decorating. Its early history is not known, though it seems to have developed from the older art of folding ...
- paper laminate
- (from the article "plastic") ...are easily distinguished and are both held together and impregnated with a thermosetting resin, usually urea formaldehyde. A decorative laminate can consist of a half-dozen layers of fibrous kraft paper ...
- Paper Mate pen
- (from the article "Frawley, Patrick Joseph, Jr.") ...ink and a leakproof pen design, the Frawley Pen Company revolutionized the public's perception of the product, which in the course of Frawley's career culminated in the development of the ...
- paper mulberry
- (from the article "mulberry") ...for their ornamental effects. The common mulberries, in the genus Morus (family Moraceae), are 10 species, with more or less juicy fruits, native to temperate Asia and North America. Paper ...
- paper nautilus
- (from the article "nautilus") The paper nautilus is usually found near the surface of tropical and subtropical seas feeding on plankton; the females differ from other members of the order Octopoda in that they ...
- paper pulp
- raw material for paper manufacture that contains vegetable, mineral, or man-made fibres. It forms a matted or felted sheet on a screen when moisture is removed. [5 Related Articles]
- paper recovery system
- (from the article "papermaking") There are two distinct types of paper recovery systems: (1) recovery based upon de-inking and intended for printing-grade or other white papers, accounting for about 5 to 6 percent of ...
- paper wasp
- any of a group of wasps in the family Vespidae (order Hymenoptera) that are striking in appearance, about 16 mm (0.63 inch) long, with orange antennae, wings, and tarsi. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- paper-casting process
- (from the article "advanced ceramics") Two other tape-casting methods are the waterfall technique and the paper-casting process. In the waterfall technique a conveyor belt carries a flat surface through a continuous, recirculated waterfall of slurry. ...
- paperback book
- (from the article "publishing, history of") Even in the depressed conditions, publishers still dreamed of tapping a wider readership. This began to become a reality in 1935, when Allen Lane launched his pioneer Penguin series of ...
- paperbark maple
- (from the article "maple") ...pink to red fall foliage. Coliseum maple (A. cappadocicum) and Miyabe maple (A. miyabei) provide golden-yellow fall colour. The three-flowered maple (A. triflorum) and the paperbark maple (A. griseum) have ...
- paperbark tree
- any of several small trees belonging to the genus Melaleuca, in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), characterized by their whitish papery bark. They are native to Australia and nearby islands.
- paperboard
- (from the article "Wood production by region") Converters of paper and paperboard have also turned to new materials combined with paper and paperboard to give their products special characteristics. Although these new materials have broadened the market ...
- paperflower
- (from the article "Bougainvillea") The inconspicuous flowers are surrounded by brightly coloured papery bracts, for which one species, B. glabra, from Brazil, is called paperflower; the bracts are purple or magenta to lighter tints ...
- papermaking
- formation of a matted or felted sheet, usually of cellulose fibres, from water suspension on a wire screen. Paper is the basic material used for written communication and the dissemination ...
- paperweight
- (from the article "Baccarat glass") Baccarat began production of paperweights in 1846. Although they exhibited virtually all techniques of ornamental glassmaking, including millefiori, cameo, sculpture, engraving, and casings, the Baccarat paperweights were relatively inexpensive and ...
- Papes, Palais des
- (from the article "Avignon") Papal legates continued to govern Avignon until 1791, when it was annexed by the French National Assembly. In its seizure, there was bloodshed and the interior of the Palais des ...
- Paphiopedilum
- (from the article "lady's slipper") ...in the genus Selenipedium, also native to tropical America, may be 5 m (16 feet) tall. The leaves are folded, and the flowers are borne on a spike at the ...
- Paphlagonia
- ancient district of Anatolia adjoining the Black Sea, bounded by Bithynia in the west, Pontus in the east, and Galatia in the south. The Paphlagonians were one of the most ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paphos
- town, southwestern Republic of Cyprus. Paphos was also the name of two ancient cities that were the precursors of the modern town. The older ancient city (Greek: Palaipaphos) was located ... [2 Related Articles]
- Papiamentu
- creole language based on Portuguese but heavily influenced by Spanish and spoken primarily on the Caribbean islands of Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire of the Netherlands Antilles. [4 Related Articles]
- Papias
- bishop of Hierapolis, Phrygia (now in Turkey), whose work "Explanation of the Sayings of the Lord," although extant only in fragments, provides important apostolic oral source accounts of the history ... [5 Related Articles]
- papier colle
- (from the article "collage") ...manufactured, printed, or "found" materials, such as bits of newspaper, fabric, wallpaper, etc., to a panel or canvas, frequently in combination with painting. In the 19th century, papiers colles were ...
- papier-mache
- repulped paper that has been mixed with glue or paste so that it can be molded. The art of making articles of papier-mache, beautifully decorated in Oriental motifs and handsomely ... [5 Related Articles]
- Papilio
- (from the article "community ecology") For example, swallowtail butterflies (Papilio) include more than 500 species worldwide. In most species an adult female lays her eggs on a host plant, and, after they hatch, the caterpillars ...
- Papilio dardanus
- (from the article "lepidopteran") Striking polymorphisms occur in some mimetic species, notably the African swallowtail (Papilio dardanus). The occurrence of different species of inedible butterfly models in various geographic regions has been accompanied by ...
- Papilionidae
- (from the article "butterfly") The four butterfly families are: Pieridae, the whites and sulfurs, known for their mass migrations; Papilionidae, the swallowtails and parnassians (the latter sometimes considered a separate family, Parnassiidae); Lycaenidae, including ...
- Papilionoideae
- (from the article "Fabales") The subfamily Faboideae, also called Papilionoideae (classified as a family, Fabaceae or Papilionaceae, by some authorities), is the largest group of legumes, consisting of about 475 genera and nearly 14,000 ...
- papillary carcinoma
- (from the article "endocrine system, human") There are four types of thyroid cancer: papillary carcinoma, which accounts for about 90 percent of cases, and follicular carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma, which together account for the ...
- papillary muscle
- (from the article "ventricle") ...aorta, the main trunk by which oxygen-rich blood starts its course to the tissues. The interior surfaces of the ventricles are ridged with bundles and bands of muscle, called trabeculae ...
- papilledema
- (from the article "eye disease") ...is transmitted along the covering of the optic nerve, causing swelling of the optic nerve head, a condition that is visible inside the eye. This swelling of the nerve head ...
- papillitis
- (from the article "optic neuritis") Optic neuritis may be centred in the optic disk, the point of exit of the nerve from the eye (papillitis), or it may be in the nerve shaft behind the ...
- papilloma
- (from the article "nasal tumour") Epithelial papilloma is one of the more common benign nasal tumours. It affects the nasal mucous membrane and is composed of tall column-shaped cells, mucous cells, which have small hairlike ...
- papillomavirus
- any of a subgroup of viruses belonging to the family Papovaviridae that infect birds and mammals, causing warts (papillomas) and other benign tumours in humans. They are small polygonal viruses ... [3 Related Articles]
- papillon
- breed of toy dog known from the 16th century, when it was called a dwarf spaniel. A fashionable dog, it was favoured by Madame de Pompadour and Marie-Antoinette, and it ...
- Papin, Denis
- French-born British physicist who invented the pressure cooker and suggested the first cylinder and piston steam engine. Though his design was not practical, it was improved by others and led ... [5 Related Articles]
- Papineau, Louis-Joseph
- politician who was the radical leader of the French-Canadians in Lower Canada (now in Quebec) in the period preceding an unsuccessful revolt against the British government in 1837. [3 Related Articles]
- Papineau-Couture, Jean
- Canadian composer (b. Nov. 12, 1916, Outremont, Que.-d. Aug. 11, 2000, Montreal, Que.), was one of the country's foremost contemporary music composers and was highly influential as a teacher at ...
- Papini, Giovanni
- journalist, critic, poet, and novelist, one of the most outspoken and controversial Italian literary figures of the early and mid-20th century. He was influential first as a fiercely iconoclastic editor ... [1 Related Articles]
- Papinian
- Roman jurist who posthumously became the definitive authority on Roman law, possibly because his moral high-mindedness was congenial to the worldview of the Christian rulers of the postclassical empire. [2 Related Articles]
- Papke, Billy
- (from the article "Ketchel, Stanley") In Los Angeles on September 7, 1908, Ketchel faced Billy Papke in a title match. As Ketchel stepped forward to shake hands (touch gloves) with his opponent, Papke sucker punched ...
- Papon, Maurice-Arthur-Jean
- French bureaucrat as a high-ranking local official (1942-44) in Gironde under France's pro-Nazi Vichy government, authorized the arrest and deportation of more than 1,600 Jews (including 223 children), most ...
- Papoulias, Karolos
- (from the article "Greece") Area: 131,957 sq km (50,949 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 11,190,000 | Capital: Athens | Chief of state: President Karolos Papoulias | Head of government: Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis ...
- papovavirus
- any of a group of viruses constituting the family Papovaviridae, which is divided into two subgroups: the papillomaviruses and the polyomaviruses. Papovaviruses are responsible for a variety of abnormal growths ... [2 Related Articles]
- Papp, Joseph
- American theatrical producer and director, founder of the New York Shakespeare Festival and the Public Theatre. He was a major innovative force in the American theatre in the second half ... [1 Related Articles]
- Papp, Laszlo
- Hungarian boxer who became the first three-time Olympic boxing champion, winning gold medals in 1948, 1952, and 1956. [2 Related Articles]
- pappataci fever
- acute, infectious, febrile disease caused by a phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) and producing temporary incapacitation. It is transmitted to humans by the bloodsucking female sand fly (notably Phlebotomus ...
- Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich, Count (Graf) zu
- German cavalry commander conspicuous early in the Thirty Years' War.
- pappus
- (from the article "Asterales") ...parts are attached to the top of the ovary rather than beneath it. The calyx (sepals) of Asteraceae is so highly modified, in contrast to that of other orders, that ...
- Pappus of Alexandria
- the most important mathematical author writing in Greek during the later Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge ("Collection"), a voluminous account of the most important work done ... [5 Related Articles]
- Pappus's projective theorem
- (from the article "projective geometry") The following theorem is of fundamental importance for projective geometry. In its first variant, by Pappus of Alexandria (fl. AD 320) as shown in the figure, it only uses collinearity:Let ...
- Pappus's theorem
- in mathematics, theorem named for the 4th-century Greek geometer Pappus of Alexandria that describes the volume of a solid, obtained by revolving a plane region D about a line L ...
- paprika
- spice made from the pods of Capsicum annuum, an annual shrub belonging to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, and native to tropical areas of the Western Hemisphere, including Mexico, Central America, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Papua
- propinsi (province), Indonesia, the western half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands-including the individual islands of Yapen, Adi, Waigeo, Batanta, Kofiau, Salawati, Misool, and Yos Sudarsa ... [7 Related Articles]
- Papua New Guinea
- island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It encompasses the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (the western half, Irian Jaya, belonging to Indonesia) and its offshore islands ... [27 Related Articles]
- Papua New Guinea, flag of
- diagonally divided red-black national flag featuring a yellow bird-of-paradise and the Southern Cross constellation. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 3 to 4.
- Papua New Guinea, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") The growth of written literature did not begin in earnest until after the establishment of the University of Papua New Guinea (1965) and the University of the South Pacific (1968). ...
- Papua, Gulf of
- inlet of the Coral Sea (southwestern Pacific Ocean) indenting the southeast coast of the island of New Guinea. About 225 miles (360 km) wide, it extends 95 miles (150 km) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Papuan
- (from the article "inheritance") ...it has not been uncommon for such personal belongings as weapons or bowls to be destroyed after the death of the owner in order to protect the survivors from being ...
- Papuan languages
- group of languages spoken in New Guinea and its surrounds. The area includes the entire island of New Guinea and the offshore islands of New Britain, New Ireland, Yapen, and ... [3 Related Articles]
- papule
- (from the article "connective tissue disease") Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, also known as Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome, primarily affects the skin, eyes, and blood vessels. The word pseudoxanthoma refers to the yellowish papules (pimplelike protuberances) that occur most commonly in ...
- Papyri, Villa of the
- (from the article "Herculaneum") ...statues were excavated from a building thought to be the ancient basilica of Herculaneum, and a large number of bronze and marble works of art were recovered from a suburban ...
- papyrology
- the care, reading, and interpretation of ancient documents written on papyrus, which is of prime importance in Egyptian, Middle Eastern, and Classical archaeology. [2 Related Articles]
- papyrus
- (from the article "papyrus") writing material of ancient times and also the plant from which it was derived, Cyperus papyrus (family Cyperaceae), also called paper plant. The papyrus plant was long-cultivated in the Nile ...
- papyrus
- writing material of ancient times and also the plant from which it was derived, Cyperus papyrus (family Cyperaceae), also called paper plant. The papyrus plant was long-cultivated in the Nile ... [13 Related Articles]
- Papyrus Bodmer II
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...papyri are p66, p48, p72, p75, and p74. P66, also known as Papyrus Bodmer II, contains in 146 leaves (some having lacunae) almost all of the Gospel According to John, ...
- papyrus column
- in Egyptian religion, amulet that conveyed freshness, youth, vigour, and the continuance of life to its wearer. The amulet, made of glazed ware or various types of stone, was shaped ...
- papyrus roll
- (from the article "publishing, history of") The papyrus roll of ancient Egypt is more nearly the direct ancestor of the modern book than is the clay tablet. Papyrus as a writing material resembles paper. It was ...
- Paqari-tampu
- (from the article "Inca") ...the generations by official "memorizers" and from the written records composed from them after the Spanish conquest. According to their tradition, the Inca originated in the village of Paqari-tampu, about ...
- paqarina
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") Several of the modern Andean peoples trace their ancestries to mythical figures who emerged from holes in the ground. These places of origin, or paqarina, were regarded as shrines, where ...
- Paquette Habana
- (from the article "international law") ...its ratification; since then the ruling has been consistently applied by other courts in the United States. In contrast, customary international law was interpreted as part of federal law in ...
- Paquier, Claudius Innocentius du
- (from the article "Vienna porcelain") ceramic ware made at the Vienna factory in Austria between 1719 and 1864. Claudius Innocentius du Paquier (d. 1751), a Dutchman, began making porcelain there with the help of two ...
- Paquin, Anna
- (from the article "1993: Best Supporting Actress") Other Nominees
- par
- (from the article "golf") Every course has a par, which is defined as the score an expert (i.e., a scratch player) would be expected to make, and many courses also have a bogey, which ...
- par condicio creditorum
- (from the article "bankruptcy") One of the cardinal principles governing the liquidation of insolvent estates is the equal treatment of creditors-the classical par condicio creditorum. Debtors on the eve of bankruptcy, either of their ...
- par value
- (from the article "international payment and exchange") In a foreign exchange market, there may be a standard, government-determined price, or par value. This par value may be quoted in terms of another currency; for example, the par ...
- par-three golf
- (from the article "golf") Par-three golf courses, on which each hole measures 100 yards (90 metres) more or less and plays at par three, were developed as a result of the shortage of available ...
- Para
- estado (state) of northern Brazil through which the lower Amazon River flows to the sea. It is bounded to the north by Guyana, Suriname, and the Brazilian state of Amapa, ...
- Para River
- channel of the Amazon delta and estuary of the Tocantins River. It passes to the south and east of Marajo Island, in northeastern Para estado (state), northern Brazil. It carries ... [1 Related Articles]
- Para rubber tree
- (from the article "Amazon River") ...than from the branches). Flowers are inconspicuous. Among the prominent members of the canopy species, which capture most of the sunlight and conduct most of the photosynthesis, are rubber trees ...
- para-aminobenzoic acid
- a vitamin-like substance and a growth factor required by several types of microorganisms. In bacteria, PABA is used in the synthesis of the vitamin folic acid. The drug sulfanilamide is ... [2 Related Articles]
- para-aminosalicylic acid
- (from the article "medicine, history of") ...suffers, however, from the great disadvantage that the tubercle bacillus tends to become resistant to it. Fortunately, other drugs became available to supplement it, the two most important being para-aminosalicylic ...
- para-carborane
- (from the article "carborane") ...their systematic International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name is closo-dicarbadodecaborane(12), the three isomers are often simply called ortho-, meta-, and para-carborane.
- para-cresol
- (from the article "cresol") any of the three methylphenols with the same molecular formula but having different structures: ortho- (o-) cresol, meta- (m-) cresol, and
- para-hydrogen
- (from the article "hydrogen") Two types of molecular hydrogen (ortho and para) are known. These differ in the magnetic interactions of the protons due to the spinning motions of the protons. In ortho-hydrogen, the ...
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