| | - Panocho
- (from the article "Murcia") ...is sparse, and the isolated farmsteads and small villages are located where there is water. Emigration from Murcia has been considerable since 1900. The dialect in the countryside is called ...
- Panofsky, Erwin
- German American art historian who gained particular prominence for his studies in iconography (the study of symbols and themes in works of art). [1 Related Articles]
- Panofsky, Wolfgang Kurt Hermann
- German-born American particle physicist and arms-control adviser supported the building of strong scientific relations with Russia and China to avoid the use of nuclear weapons. After earning (1942) a Ph.D. ...
- panopticon
- architectural form for a prison, the drawings for which were published by Jeremy Bentham in 1791. It consisted of a circular, glass-roofed, tanklike structure with cells along the external wall ... [2 Related Articles]
- panorama
- in the visual arts, continuous narrative scene or landscape painted to conform to a flat or curved background, which surrounds or is unrolled before the viewer. [3 Related Articles]
- panorpoid complex
- (from the article "dipteran") Diptera belong to the panorpoid complex, which includes Mecoptera (scorpionflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Siphonaptera (fleas), and Diptera (true flies). All are believed to have evolved from an ...
- panos
- (from the article "Cape Verde") From the 17th to the 19th century, Cape Verde was famous for its woven cotton cloth (panos). Cotton grew easily, and indigo produced a rich blue dye. ...
- Panozzo, John
- U.S. drummer who was a cofounder of the rock group Styx, which enjoyed its greatest popularity in the late 1970s and early '80s with such hits as "Come Sail Away," ...
- panpipe
- wind instrument consisting of cane pipes of different lengths tied in a row or in a bundle held together by wax or cord (metal, clay, wood, and plastic instruments are ... [6 Related Articles]
- panpsychism
- (from Greek pan, "all"; psyche, "soul"), a philosophical theory asserting that a plurality of separate and distinct psychic beings or minds constitute reality. Panpsychism is distinguished from hylozoism (all matter ... [2 Related Articles]
- Pansa, House of
- (from the article "domus") ...room), cubiculai (bedrooms), alae (recesses for private talk), and tricliniai (dining rooms), with different exposures that could be regulated according to the seasons. In the House of Pansa in Pompeii, ...
- Pansaers, Clement
- Belgian poet and Dadaist whose reputation was resurrected some 50 years after his death.
- pansophism
- (from the article "Comenius, John Amos") He interpreted his agreement with the Swedish government as entitling him to base his textbooks on a system of philosophy he had evolved called "pansophy" (see below). After struggling hard ...
- panspermism
- (from the article "Arrhenius, Svante August") ...succesful venture into this genre was Worlds in the Making (1908), originally published in Swedish and translated into several languages. In it he launched the hypothesis of ...
- pansy
- any of several popular cultivated violets (genus Viola), with 400-600 species, of the family Violaceae. Pansies have been grown for so long a period under such diverse conditions and in ...
- Pantaenus
- (from the article "Clement of Alexandria, Saint") ...significant information about his early life. As a student, he traveled to various centres of learning in Italy and in the eastern Mediterranean area. Converted to Christianity by his last ...
- Pantaleone family
- (from the article "metalwork") ...considerable but uncertain antiquity, are supposed by some to have been removed from St. Mark's at Alexandria. Next in date among surviving doors of Byzantine workmanship is a series ordered ...
- Pantaloon
- stock character of the 16th-century Italian commedia dell'arte-a cunning and rapacious yet often deceived Venetian merchant. [2 Related Articles]
- Pantanal
- floodplain in south-central Brazil that extends into northeast Paraguay and southeast Bolivia. It lies mainly within the Brazilian estados (states) of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The Pantanal ... [7 Related Articles]
- Pantanal complex
- (from the article "Plata, Rio de la") In the upper Paraguay River basin, some of the Pantanal's vegetation, called the "Pantanal complex," is typical of the Mato Grosso Plateau, while the remainder of the basin is typical ...
- Pantani, Marco
- Italian cyclist (b. Jan. 13, 1970, Cesenatico, Italy-d. Feb. 14, 2004, Rimini, Italy), won both the Tour de France, cycling's premier road race, and the Tour of Italy (Giro d'Italia) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pantar Island
- island in the Alor group, Nusa Tenggara Timur provinsi ("province"), Indonesia. Pantar lies about 45 miles (72 km) north of Timor, across the Ombai Strait. It is 30 miles (50 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pantarchy
- (from the article "Woodhull, Victoria") ...a single moral standard for men and women, legalized prostitution, and dress reform. Much of each issue was written by Stephen Pearl Andrews, promoter of the utopian social system he ...
- Pante Makasar
- (from the article "East Timor") The Ambeno area has valuable sandalwood forests, coconut groves, and rice plantations. Its chief town, Pante Makasar, is a port and has an airport. The hilly offshore island of Atauro, ...
- Pantelleria Island
- Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea between Sicily and Tunisia. Of volcanic origin, it rises to 2,743 feet (836 m) at the extinct crater of Magna Grande. The last eruption ...
- pantellerite
- (from the article "rhyolite") ...or alkali amphibole is the principal dark mineral, oligoclase will be rare or absent, and the feldspar phenocrysts will consist largely or entirely of alkali feldspar; rocks of this sort ...
- Panter-Downes, Mollie Patricia
- British writer who, although virtually unknown in her homeland, was well respected in the United States for her longtime column in The New Yorker, "Letters from London" (1939-84), which earned ...
- Panthalassa
- (from the article "ocean") Prior to the breakup of Pangaea, one enormous ocean, Panthalassa, existed on Earth. Currents in this ocean would have been simple and slow, and the Earth's climate was, in all ...
- Panthay Rebellion
- (from the article "Yunnan") ...as a base for rebellion against the Ch'ing government. In 1855-73 Muslims, led by Tu Wen-hsiu (alias Sultan Sulayman), who obtained arms from the British authorities in Burma, staged the ...
- pantheism
- the doctrine that the universe conceived of as a whole is God and, conversely, that there is no God but the combined substance, forces, and laws that are manifested in ... [12 Related Articles]
- Pantheon
- building in Rome that was begun in 27 BC by the statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, probably as a building of the ordinary Classical temple type-rectangular with a gabled roof supported ... [14 Related Articles]
- Pantheon
- building in Paris that was begun about 1757 by the architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot as the Church of Sainte-Genevieve to replace a much older church of that name on the same ... [10 Related Articles]
- Pantheon, Society of the
- (from the article "Babeuf, Francois-Noel") ...doctrines, advocating an equal distribution of land and income, and after his release he began a career as a professional revolutionary. He quickly rose to a position of leadership in ...
- panther
- (from the article "panther") either of two mammals of the cat family (Felidae), the leopard or the puma (qq.v.).for more content related to this topicleopard
- panther mushroom
- (from the article "Amanita") ...also deadly, is found in woods or their borders. It has a green or brown cap and appears in summer or early autumn. Other poisonous species include A. brunnescens and ...
- Panthera
- (from the article "feline") Cats are noted for purring when content and for snarling, howling, or spitting when in conflict with another of their kind. The so-called "big cats" (genus Panthera), ...
- panting
- a method of cooling, used by many mammals, most birds, and some reptiles, accomplished by means of the evaporation of water from internal body surfaces. As the animal's body temperature ... [2 Related Articles]
- pantobase airplane
- (from the article "seaplane") ...wheel gear to a float seaplane or flying boat, also accomplished by Curtiss, created the amphibian aircraft capable of operating from land runways or water. A post-World War II development ...
- pantograph
- instrument for duplicating a motion or copying a geometric shape to a reduced or enlarged scale. It consists of an assemblage of rigid bars adjustably joined by pin joints; as ... [5 Related Articles]
- pantomime
- (from the article "mime and pantomime") in the strict sense, a Greek and Roman dramatic entertainment representing scenes from life, often in a ridiculous manner. By extension, the mime and pantomime has come to be in ...
- pantomime ballet
- (from the article "ballet d'action") ...(e.g., choreography, set design, and costuming) are subordinate to the plot and theme. John Weaver, an English ballet master of the early 18th century, is considered the originator of pantomime ...
- pantomimi
- (from the article "dance, Western") ...with the Romans under the emperor Augustus (63 BC-AD 14) was the wordless, spectacular pantomime that rendered dramatic stories by means of stylized gestures. The performers, known as pantomimi, were ...
- Panton, William
- (from the article "McGillivray, Alexander") ...an adequate trade. McGillivray's more remarkable success was in persuading the Spanish that the trade should be in English goods and that a contract for the purpose should go to ...
- pantothenic acid
- water-soluble vitamin essential in animal metabolism. Pantothenic acid, a growth-promoting substance for yeast and certain bacteria, appears to be synthesized by bacteria in the intestines of the higher animals. It ... [4 Related Articles]
- pantothere
- (from the article "Amphitherium") extinct genus of early mammals known as fossils from Middle Jurassic deposits (of 176 million to 161 million years ago). Amphitherium is the earliest representative of the pantotheres, a group ...
- pantoum
- a Malaysian poetic form in French and English. The pantoum consists of a series of quatrains rhyming abab in which the second and fourth lines of a quatrain recur as ...
- Pantridge, Frank
- Irish-born cardiologist (b. Oct. 3, 1916, Hillsborough, Ire. [now N.Ire.]-d. Dec. 26, 2004), developed (1965) the first portable heart defibrillator, a life-saving device for providing rapid emergency treatment to heart-attack ...
- pantsuit
- (from the article "suit") ...more so after World War I, they adopted this form of suit, which consisted of a matching skirt and jacket. In the second half of the 20th century, women began ...
- pantun
- (from the article "Indonesia") ...of East Kalimantan, is transmitted through oral-traditional performance, as opposed to printed text. A largely nonwritten tradition of reciting expressive, often witty quatrains called pantun is common in most Malay ...
- panty hose
- (from the article "textile") ...machines, and-except for fully fashioned underwear, tights, and leotards, which are knitted to pattern and sewn together-underwear making is a cut, make, and trim operation. Tights or panty hose are ...
- Panuco River
- river in Veracruz state, east-central Mexico. Formed by the junction of the Moctezuma and Tamuin rivers on the San Luis Potosi-Veracruz state line, the Panuco meanders generally east-northeastward past the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Panufnik, Sir Andrzej
- Polish-born British composer and conductor, who created compositions in a distinctive contemporary Polish style though he worked in a wide variety of genres.
- Panum's fusional area
- (from the article "eye, human") ...and B' would be seen double, or one double image would be suppressed. There is thus a certain zone of disparity that, if not exceeded, allows fusion of disparate points. ...
- Panuridae
- family of songbirds, order Passeriformes, consisting of the parrotbills (see ) and bearded tits, about 19 species of small titmouselike birds found in the thickets of temperate Eurasia.
- Panyassis
- epic poet from Halicarnassus, on the coast of Asia Minor. Panyassis was the uncle (or cousin) of the historian Herodotus. He was condemned to death by the tyrant Lygdamis about ...
- Panych, Morris
- (from the article "Canadian literature") ...Criminals in Love (1985), set in Toronto's working-class east end; and Suburban Motel (1997), a cycle of six plays set in a motel room. Playwright and actor ...
- Panza, Sancho
- Don Quixote's squire in the novel Don Quixote by Cervantes, a short, pot-bellied peasant whose gross appetite, common sense, and vulgar wit serve as a foil to the mad idealism ...
- panzer
- series of battle tanks fielded by the German army in the 1930s and '40s. The six tanks in the series constituted virtually all of Germany's tank production from 1934 until ... [1 Related Articles]
- panzer division
- ("armoured division"), a self-contained, combined-arms military unit of the German army, built around and deriving its mission largely from the capabilities of armoured fighting vehicles. A panzer division in World ... [3 Related Articles]
- Panzer Group West
- (from the article "German Chain of Command in Western Europe, June 1944") ...were crucial to the security of his theatre. Both of these forces reported to their own high commands, which in turn reported to Hitler. The same situation applied to the ...
- Panzer, Georg Wolfgang
- (from the article "incunabula") ...wherein scholars researched the titles produced in the incunabula period and grouped them according to certain criteria. The first comprehensive attempt to catalog incunabula in general was made by Georg ...
- Panzerfaust
- shoulder-type German antitank weapon that was widely used in World War II. The first model, the Panzerfaust 30, was developed in 1943 for use by infantry against Soviet tanks. The ... [2 Related Articles]
- Panzerfaust 100
- (from the article "Panzerfaust") ...a tank with it. The next two models of the weapon were given larger propellant charges in order to drive grenades to distances of up to 60 and 100 metres ...
- Panzerfaust 30
- (from the article "Panzerfaust") shoulder-type German antitank weapon that was widely used in World War II. The first model, the Panzerfaust 30, was developed in 1943 for use by infantry against Soviet tanks. The ...
- Panzerschreck
- shoulder-type rocket launcher used as an antitank weapon by Germany in World War II. The Panzerschreck consisted of a lightweight steel tube about 1.5 metres (5 feet) long that weighed ... [2 Related Articles]
- Panzerwaffe
- (from the article "tactics") ...and take up tanks-in effect taking the tactical principles pioneered by light infantry in World War I and developing, modifying, and adapting them to armoured warfare. As a result, the ...
- pao
- (from the article "journalism") ...Acta Diurna. Published daily from 59 BC, it was hung in prominent places and recorded important social and political events. In China during the T'ang dynasty a court circular called ...
- pao
- wide-sleeved robe of a style worn by Chinese men and women from the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220) to the end of the Ming dynasty (1644). The pao was girdled ... [2 Related Articles]
- Pao River
- (from the article "Orinoco River") ...Shoals and alluvial islands are abundant; some of the islands are large enough to divide the channel into narrow passages. Tributaries include the Guarico, Manapire, Suata (Zuata), Pao, and Caris ...
- pao-kao wen-hsueh
- (from the article "Chinese literature") ...chieh k'ang-ti hsieh-hui ("All-China Anti-Japanese Federation of Writers and Artists"), founded in 1938 and directed by Lao She. All genres were represented, including reportage (pao-kao wen-hsueh), an enormously influential type ...
- Paola
- town, eastern Malta, just south of Valletta and adjacent to Tarxien to the southeast. Founded in 1626 by the grand master of the Hospitallers (Knights of Malta), Antoine de Paule, ...
- Paoli, Pasquale
- Corsican statesman and patriot who was responsible for ending Genoese rule of Corsica and for establishing enlightened rule and reforms. [3 Related Articles]
- Paolo Veneziano
- a principal Venetian painter of the Byzantine style in 14th-century Venice. Paolo and his son Giovanni signed a "Coronation of the Virgin" (Frick Collection, New York City) in 1358 that ...
- Paolozzi, Sir Eduardo Luigi
- British artist (b. March 7, 1924, Leith, Scot.-d. April 22, 2005, London, Eng.), helped launch the British Pop art movement with a series of collages based on mass-media images and ...
- Pap smear
- laboratory method of obtaining secretions from the cervix for the examination of cast-off epithelial cells to detect the presence of cancer. The Pap smear, named for Greek-born American physician George ... [4 Related Articles]
- Pap test
- (from the article "Pap smear") ...also from the endometrium (the mucous coat of the uterus) and the ovaries. The traditional Pap smear, in which cells are literally smeared directly onto a glass slide, is now ...
- Papa
- city, Veszprem megye (county), northwest Hungary, on the northwest edge of the Bakony Mountains, alongside the Tapolca River, a tributary of the Raba. Its interesting and historic old houses, churches, ...
- Papa Wendo
- Congolese musician helped lay the foundations of Congolese rumba, a form of lilting Afropop dance music that combines indigenous traditional songs with Afro-Cuban rumba rhythms. He was orphaned as a ...
- papacy
- the office and jurisdiction of the bishop of Rome, the pope (Latin: papa, from Greek pappas, "father"), who presides over the central government of ... [88 Related Articles]
- Papadiamandis, Alexandros
- (from the article "Greek literature") ...of the Greek short story, Georgios Vizyenos, combined autobiography with an effective use of psychological analysis and suspense. The most famous and prolific short-story writer, Alexandros Papadiamandis, produced a wealth ...
- Papadopoulos, Giorgios
- Greek dictator (b. May 5, 1919, Eleochorion, Greece-d. June 27, 1999, Athens, Greece), led "the colonels," the military junta that overthrew his country's elected government on April 21, 1967, and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Papadopoulos, Tassos
- On Feb. 16, 2003, with a convincing 51.5% of the vote, Tassos Papadopoulos triumphed over Glafcos Clerides, president of Cyprus for the preceding 10 years, and eight other candidates to ... [5 Related Articles]
- Papagos, Alexandros
- soldier and statesman who late in life organized a political party and became premier (1952-55) of Greece. [3 Related Articles]
- papain
- enzyme present in the milky juice of the papaya that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins by hydrolysis (addition of a water molecule). Papain is used in biochemical research involving the ... [2 Related Articles]
- papakancha
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") ...units of human energy expended. Somehow, two measurements that belonged to very different European systems of reckoning were part of a single Andean concern. Units of land measurement, called papakancha, ...
- papal chancery
- (from the article "diplomatics") Knowledge about early papal documents is scant because no originals survive from before the 9th century, and extant copies of earlier documents are often much abridged. But it is clear ...
- papal document
- (from the article "diplomatics") Knowledge about early papal documents is scant because no originals survive from before the 9th century, and extant copies of earlier documents are often much abridged. But it is clear ...
- papal infallibility
- in Roman Catholic theology, the doctrine that the pope, acting as supreme teacher and under certain conditions, cannot err when he teaches in matters of faith or morals. As an ... [12 Related Articles]
- papal primacy
- (from the article "Sardica, Council of") ...Rome with a prerogative that was the first legal recognition of the bishop of Rome's jurisdiction over the other sees and was, therefore, the basis for the further development of ...
- Papal Secretariat of State
- (from the article "Roman Curia") Responsibility for the coordination of curial activities belongs to the cardinal who, as secretary of state, directs both the Secretariat of State (or Papal Secretariat) and the Council for the ...
- Papal States
- territories of central Italy over which the pope had sovereignty from 756 to 1870. Included were the modern Italian regions of Lazio (Latium), Umbria, and Marche and part of Emilia-Romagna, ... [19 Related Articles]
- papalagi
- (from the article "Wendt, Albert") ...synthesized the history, myths, and other oral traditions with contemporary written fiction, unifying them with his unique vision. His fiction portrays the traditions and mores of the
- Papaloapan River
- river in Veracruz state, southeastern Mexico. It is formed by the junction of several rivers in Oaxaca state near the Veracruz-Oaxaca border and meanders generally northeastward for 76 miles (122 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Papandreou, Andreas
- politician and educator who was prime minister of Greece from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1996. [6 Related Articles]
- Papandreou, George A.
- (from the article "Panhellenic Socialist Movement") Reflecting the dynastic nature of Greek politics, Andreas Papandreou's son George A. Papandreou was elected party leader in 2004 as public support for Simitis diminished. With a lack of progress ...
- Papandreou, Georgios
- (from the article "Greece") PASOK's defeat in the elections led to an immediate challenge of party leader Georgios Papandreou by former culture minister Evangelos Venizelos. PASOK's Political Council set a leadership vote for November ...
- Papandreou, Georgios
- Greek liberal politician who was three times prime minister of his country. [3 Related Articles]
- Papanicolaou, George
- (from the article "Varadhan, S.R. Srinivasa") ...related work, Varadhan and American mathematician Daniel Stroock studied diffusion processes and obtained important results in population genetics. In work with the Greek-born American mathematician George Papanicolaou and Chinese mathematician ...
- Papantla
- city, north-central Veracruz estado (state), east-central Mexico. Formerly known as Papantla de Hidalgo, the city lies in the hills dividing the Cazones and Tecolutla river basins. Corn (maize), beans, tobacco, ...
- paparazzo
- (from the article "Fellini, Federico") ...indictment of popular media, decadent intellectuals, and aristocrats. Immediately hailed as one of the most important films ever made, La dolce vita contributed the word paparazzi (unscrupulous ...
- Paparemborde, Robert
- French rugby player (b. July 5, 1948, Laruns, France-d. April 19, 2001, Paris, France), was a powerful prop forward and a mainstay of the national Rugby Union team that won ...
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