| | - Pandji
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") ...was created in the mid-18th century from a confluence of three previously separate elements: female court dance, the lakon nok drama, and the Javanese Pandji stories as ...
- Pandokrator Mountain
- (from the article "Corfu") ...(593 square km). Of limestone structure, the island is mountainous in the north and low in the south. Its northeastern protrusion, close to the Albanian coast, trends east-west and reaches ...
- Pandolfi, Vito
- Italian critic, theatrical scholar, and director known for his adherence to traditional forms of Italian drama.
- Pandora
- (from the article "Moons of Saturn") Pandora and its nearest neighbour moon, Prometheus, have been dubbed shepherd moons because of their influence on ring particles. During Voyager 1's flyby, the two bodies were discovered orbiting on ...
- Pandora
- in Greek mythology, the first woman. According to Hesiod's Theogony, after Prometheus, a fire god and divine trickster, had stolen fire from heaven and bestowed it upon ... [2 Related Articles]
- Pandrosos
- (from the article "Aglauros") ...related that Aglauros was turned to stone by the god Mercury in retribution for her attempt to frustrate his abduction of Herse, Aglauros' youngest sister. Aglauros and her sisters (Herse ...
- Pandu
- (from the article "Mahabharata") The story begins when the blindness of Dhritarashtra, the elder of two princes, causes him to be passed over in favour of his brother Pandu as king on their father's ...
- Pandua
- (from the article "Malda") ...confluence of the Mahananda and Kalindri rivers and is part of the English Bazar urban agglomeration. The town rose to prominence as the river port of the Hindu capital of ...
- Pandukkabhaya
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") Tradition attributes the founding of the kingdom of Anuradhapura to Pandukkabhaya, the third king of the Vijaya dynasty. With its growth as the strongest Sinhalese kingdom, the city of Anuradhapura ...
- Pandulf I
- (from the article "Italy") ...Capua, Atenulf I, conquered Benevento, and the Lombard-Byzantine border stabilized. Capua-Benevento maintained a certain cohesion under a single dynasty until the 980s, its most notable prince being Pandulf I (Ironhead; ...
- Pandulph
- papal legate to England and bishop of Norwich who was deeply involved in English secular politics.
- Panduro, Leif
- Danish novelist and dramatist, a social critic who wrote in a satirical, humorous vein.
- Panduvasudeva
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...founded a dynasty. He had no heir to the throne, and toward the end of his reign he sent for his younger brother at Sinhapura. The brother, unwilling to leave ...
- Pandya Dynasty
- Tamil rulers in the extreme south of India of unknown antiquity (they are mentioned by Greek authors in the 4th century BC). The Roman emperor Julian received an embassy from ... [5 Related Articles]
- panegyric
- eulogistic oration or laudatory discourse that originally was a speech delivered at an ancient Greek general assembly (panegyris), such as the Olympic and Panathenaic festivals. Speakers frequently took advantage of ... [5 Related Articles]
- panegyris
- in Greek religion, an ancient assembly that met on certain fixed dates for the purpose of honouring a specific god. The gatherings varied in size from the inhabitants of a ... [1 Related Articles]
- panel
- (from the article "Wood production by region") Another type of curtain wall is the panel type. It has no gridwork of mullions and muntins but is made of large prefabricated rigid panels connected to the floors and ...
- panel entry
- (from the article "coal mining") ...usually serve the life of the mine for ventilation and for worker and material transport. Submain entries can be regarded as feeders from the mains that subdivide each major area. ...
- panel painting
- painting executed on a rigid support-ordinarily wood or metal-as distinct from painting done on canvas. Before canvas came into general use at the end of the 16th century, the panel ... [5 Related Articles]
- panel show
- (from the article "broadcasting") Another pattern popular in many countries involves a panel of distinguished figures under a chairman, answering questions of a topical nature from members of a studio audience. In some cases ...
- panel wall
- (from the article "brick and tile") ...under load-bearing walls. This type of wall is used to close in a steel or concrete frame building. It is usually carried by supports, normally steel shelf angles at each ...
- panelak
- (from the article "Czech Republic") ...part, stabilized. Although about half of existing housing was constructed between 1950 and 1990-much of it prefabricated high-rise urban apartment buildings known as panelaks, referring to the ...
- paneling
- in architecture and design, decorative treatment of walls, ceilings, doors, and furniture consisting of a series of wide, thin sheets of wood, called panels, framed together by narrower, thicker strips ... [3 Related Articles]
- panengah
- (from the article "Sundanese") ...to the Javanese pattern, though often mixed with elements of Hindu origin. The Sundanese language, like Javanese, has status styles: kasar (informal), halus (deferential), and panengah (a middle style).
- panentheism
- (from the article "pantheism") ...the universe conceived of as a whole is God and, conversely, that there is no God but the combined substance, forces, and laws that are manifested in the existing universe. ...
- Paneth's cell
- specialized type of epithelial cell found in the mucous-membrane lining of the small intestine and of the appendix, at the base of tubelike depressions known as Lieberkuhn glands. Named for ... [1 Related Articles]
- Paneth, Friedrich Adolf
- Austrian chemist who with George Charles de Hevesy introduced radioactive tracer techniques (1912-13). [1 Related Articles]
- Panevezys
- city, north-central Lithuania, on the Nevezis River. First mentioned in 1503, it was chartered as a district town in 1842 and became a regional economic centre.
- Pang Xun
- (from the article "China") ...which later spread to Sichuan and dragged on from 858 until 866. After the invaders had been suppressed, part of the garrison force that had been sent to Lingnan mutinied ...
- Pangaion, Mount
- mountain, at the mouth of the Struma River, northeastern Kavalla nomos (department), Macedonia, Greece. Its highest point is 6,417 feet (1,956 m). The upper slopes are formed by fracturing of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pangalos, Theodoros
- soldier and statesman who for eight months in 1926 was dictator of Greece. [2 Related Articles]
- Pangani
- historic town, northeastern Tanzania. It lies at the mouth of the Pangani River, on the Pemba Channel of the Indian Ocean. The town was formerly a slave-trading depot at the ...
- Pangasinan
- eighth largest cultural-linguistic group of the Philippines. Numbering about 1,540,000 in the late 20th century, the Pangasinan occupy the west-central area of the island of Luzon. They are predominantly Roman ...
- Pangasinan language
- (from the article "Austronesian languages") Major Austronesian languages include Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan of the Philippines; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages, Acehnese, Balinese, and Buginese of western ...
- Pangea
- in early geologic time, a "supercontinent" that incorporated almost all of Earth's landmasses and covered nearly one-third of Earth's surface. It was surrounded by a global ocean called Panthalassa. Pangea ... [21 Related Articles]
- pangenesis
- (from the article "evolution") ...inheritance" proposed that offspring merely struck an average between the characteristics of their parents. But as Darwin became aware, blending inheritance (including his own theory of "pangenesis," in which each ...
- Pangkalpinang
- kotamadya (municipality) and chief settlement of Bangka island and capital of Bangka-Belitung propinsi (province), Indonesia, located in the east-central part of the island. It ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pangkor Engagement
- (1874), treaty between the British government and Malay chiefs in Perak, the first step in the establishment of British dominion over the Malay states. In January 1874, Governor Andrew Clarke ... [2 Related Articles]
- Pangnirtung
- (from the article "Cumberland Sound") ...Passage. Blacklead Island, within the sound, was a noted whaling station by the late 19th century. The Anglican church established missions early in the 20th century at many settlements, including ...
- pangolin
- any of the armoured placental mammals of the order Pholidota. Pangolin, from the Malayan meaning "rolling over," refers to this animal's habit of curling into a ball when threatened. About ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pangong Range
- (from the article "Karakoram Range") ...of the system is about 150 miles; the length is increased from 300 to 500 miles if the easternmost extension-the Ch'iang-ch'en-mo (called Chang Chenmo in the Ladakh region) and Pangong ...
- Pangrango, Mount
- (from the article "Jawa Barat") The landscape of Jawa Barat is dominated by a chain of volcanoes, both active and extinct, that from west to east includes Mounts Sanggabuwana, Gede, Pangrango, Kendang, and Tjereme. The ...
- Panguitch
- city, seat (1882) of Garfield county, south-central Utah, U.S. Located at an altitude of 6,666 feet (2,032 metres) in the fertile Panguitch Valley and bounded by mountains and the Sevier ...
- Panguna
- mining town and site of a large open-pit copper mine in the south-central interior of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. An Australian mining company began prospecting for copper in the ...
- Pangwa
- (from the article "African literature") ...retreating helplessly from the cruelty of man; and the Ijo peoples of the Niger River delta believe that God (there regarded as female) allows individuals to choose their own fate ...
- Panhame River
- (from the article "Hunyani River") ...and cuts through the Rukowakuona Mountains to the Lowveld. It crosses the Mozambique border at Hunyani, receiving the Duangua River after a course of 260 miles (418 km). It continues ...
- Panhard, Rene
- French automobile engineer and manufacturer who, with Emile Levassor, produced the first vehicle with an internal-combustion engine mounted at the front of the chassis rather than under the driver's seat. ... [1 Related Articles]
- panharmonicon
- (from the article "music recording") ...devices. Haydn wrote tunes for musical (pipe organ) clocks; Mozart wrote several pieces for mechanical organ; and Beethoven wrote his Wellington's Victory (or Battle Symphony) for the panharmonicon, a full ...
- Panhellenic Liberation Movement
- (from the article "Panhellenic Socialist Movement") ...After a period of imprisonment, he had been allowed to leave Greece. In exile he was a leading critic of the military regime and sought with limited success to launch ...
- Panhellenic Socialist Movement
- social democratic political party in Greece. The Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) was founded in 1974 as a radical Marxist-inspired party that called for the dissolution of the country's military alliances ... [10 Related Articles]
- Panhellenion
- (from the article "Hadrian") ...he had their laws professionally redrafted, and he brought to completion the massive temple of Olympian Zeus that the Peisistratid tyrants had begun more than five centuries before. He created ...
- panhypopituitarism
- (from the article "dwarfism") ...and may be hereditary; tumours, infections, or infarction (tissue death) of the pituitary can also induce dwarfism. In many cases, other endocrine and sexual functions remain normal. However, in panhypopituitarism ...
- Paniagua, Valentin
- Peruvian politician (b. Sept. 23, 1936, Cuzco, Peru-d. Oct. 16, 2006, Lima, Peru), served (November 2000-July 2001) as caretaker president of Peru and was instrumental in guiding the country back ...
- panic
- in economics, acute financial disturbance, such as widespread bank failures, feverish stock speculation followed by a market crash, or a climate of fear caused by economic crisis or the anticipation ... [4 Related Articles]
- panic
- (from the article "collective behaviour") A number of common assumptions about behaviour under stress have been dispelled by research on responses to disaster. First, panic is rare. The quite specific conditions under which panic occurs ...
- panic attack
- (from the article "mental disorder") Anxiety disorders are distinguished primarily in terms of how they are experienced and to what type of anxiety they respond. For example, panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of ...
- Paniceae
- (from the article "Poaceae") The Panicoideae include almost 3,300 species and are remarkably consistent in the nature of their spikelets. This enormously successful group divides naturally into two tribes, the Paniceae and Andropogoneae. Most ...
- panicle
- (from the article "inflorescence") A panicle is a branched raceme in which each branch has more than one flower, as in the astilbe (Astilbe).angiospermInflorescencesIn ...
- Panicoideae
- (from the article "Poaceae") Most members of the two subfamilies Chloridoideae and Panicoideae tolerate relatively warm and dry habitats through special adaptations for photosynthesis. Both subfamilies are concentrated in the tropics, and those that ...
- panicum
- any of nearly 600 species of forage and cereal grasses in the genus Panicum (family Poaceae), distributed throughout tropical and warm temperate regions. These plants are annuals and perennials; many ...
- Panicum turgidum
- (from the article "seed and fruit") ...restricts germination to the spot where they land. In contrast, Eusideroxylon zwageri does not grow on steep slopes because its heavy fruits roll downhill. The grains of the grass Panicum ...
- Panie, Mount
- (from the article "New Caledonia") ...deposits of nickel, chrome, and cobalt ore). In the northeast of the main island, an outcrop of gneiss forms a mountain range 40 miles (60 km) long that includes New ...
- Panier
- (from the article "Marseille") The popular area of Marseille was the seedy district, north of the Old Port, known as the Panier, which was destroyed in 1943. The more prosperous middle-class districts developed in ...
- panier
- (from the article "dress") Toward mid-century the hoop framework gradually changed shape to become oval. Then known as a panier ("basket"), it consisted of a basket form on each hip tied ...
- panihari
- (from the article "Rajasthan") The typical folk dance of Rajasthan is the ghoomar, which is performed on festive occasions only by women. The geer dance (performed by men and women), the panihari (a graceful ...
- Panihati
- city, south-central West Bengal state, northeastern India. It is located just east of the Hooghly (Hugli) River, part of the Kolkata (Calcutta) urban agglomeration. Connected by road and rail with ...
- Panikkar, Kavalam Madhava
- Indian statesman, diplomat, and scholar.
- Panin, Nikita Ivanovich, Graf
- statesman who served as a chief diplomatic adviser to Catherine II the Great of Russia (reigned 1762-96).
- Panini
- (from the article "linguistics") ...non-Western grammatical tradition-and the most original and independent-is that of India, which dates back at least two and one-half millennia and which culminates with the grammar of Panini, of the ...
- Panini
- (from the article "Hominidae") It has been proposed (though not generally accepted) that chimpanzees and bonobos be placed in their own tribe, called Panini, since they are relatively distant genetically from Gorillini, or even ...
- paniolo
- (from the article "Waimea") ...Waimea is the headquarters for the Parker Ranch (established about 1815), one of the largest Hereford cattle ranches in the United States and famous for its Hawaiian
- Panipat
- city, Haryana state, northwestern India. It is connected by road and rail with Delhi (south) and Ambala (north). The plain of Panipat was the site of three decisive battles in ...
- Panipat, Battles of
- (1526, 1556, 1761), three military engagements, important in North Indian history, fought at Panipat, a level plain suitable for cavalry movements, about 50 miles (80 km) north of Delhi. The ... [9 Related Articles]
- Panizzae foramen
- (from the article "crocodile") ...only partially divided from each other. In crocodiles, both atria and both ventricles are completely separate. Nevertheless, a connection exists between arterial and venous circulation by way of the foramen ...
- Panizzi, Sir Anthony
- Italian patriot and man of letters who became famous as a librarian at the British Museum and played a part in the unification of Italy. [1 Related Articles]
- Panj Piare
- (from the article "Sikhism") ...master. When he had apparently dispatched the fifth, the screen was removed, and all five were seen to be very much alive. At their feet lay five slaughtered goats. The ...
- Panj River
- headstream of the Amu Darya in Central Asia. It is 700 miles (1,125 km) long and constitutes part of the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The Panj River is formed ... [3 Related Articles]
- Panjgur
- town, Balochistan province, Pakistan. Situated on the south bank of the Rakhshan River in the Siahan Range, the town is a market centre and in summer is a temporary administrative ...
- Panjkora
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") ...follow two contrasting directions-northeast to southwest and roughly east to west. Most of the rivers, such as the Panjsher (Panjshir), the Alingar, the Konar, and the Panjkora, follow the northeast-to-southwest ...
- Panjnad River
- river in Punjab province, Pakistan, formed just below Uch by successive junctions of the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers. The Panjnad (literally "Five Rivers") flows 44 miles (71 ...
- Panjsher
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") ...on the northern side but highly complex on the southern one, where valleys follow two contrasting directions-northeast to southwest and roughly east to west. Most of the rivers, such as ...
- Pankhurst, Dame Christabel Harriette
- suffragist leader credited with organizing the tactics of the militant British suffrage movement. [1 Related Articles]
- Pankhurst, Emmeline
- militant champion of woman suffrage whose 40-year campaign achieved complete success in the year of her death, when British women obtained full equality in the voting franchise. Her daughter Christabel ...
- Pankhurst, Richard Marsden
- (from the article "Pankhurst, Emmeline") In 1879 Emmeline Goulden married Richard Marsden Pankhurst, lawyer, friend of John Stuart Mill, and author of the first woman suffrage bill in Great Britain (late 1860s) and of the ...
- Pankratov, Denis
- (from the article "Olympic Games") ...Her three gold medals, however, came amid rumours of drug use. In the men's events three swimmers each captured two individual gold medals: Aleksandr Popov (Russia), Danyon Loader (New Zealand), ...
- pankus
- (from the article "Telipinus") ...the royal succession. His stipulations, now called the Edict of Telipinus, form one of the best sources available for a study of the Hittite Old Kingdom. In his edict, Telipinus ...
- panlobular emphysema
- (from the article "respiratory disease") This irreversible disease consists of destruction of alveolar walls. It occurs in two forms, centrilobular emphysema, in which the destruction begins at the centre of the lobule, and panlobular (or ...
- Panlongcheng
- Chinese archaeological site from about the middle of the Shang dynasty period (c. 1600-1046 BCE). The site, located near the confluence of the Yangtze and Hanshui rivers in central Hubei, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Panna
- town, northern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The town grew in importance when Chhatrasal, ruler of Bundelkhand, made it his capital in 1675. It is a trade centre for agricultural ...
- Panna National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") The surrounding region comprises much of the former princely states of Panna and Ajaigarh. Diamond mines in the vicinity have been worked since the 17th century. Also nearby is Panna ...
- Pannartz, Arnold
- (from the article "typography") ...a time when the text had been less open than the first Caroline alphabet but more rounded than the narrowed, blackened, and pointed Gothic that it had become. When the ...
- panner
- (from the article "baking") An automatic panning device is an integral part of most modern molders. As empty pans, carried on a conveyor, pass the end of the machine, the loaves are transferred from ...
- panniculus carnosus
- (from the article "mammal") The panniculus carnosus is a sheath of dermal (skin) muscle, developed in many mammals, that allows the movement of the skin independent of the movement of deeper muscle masses. These ...
- panning
- in mining, simple method of separating particles of greater specific gravity (especially gold) from soil or gravels by washing in a pan with water. Panning is one of the principal ... [3 Related Articles]
- panning shot
- (from the article "motion picture") One of the simplest and most common movements is to turn, or pan (from the word panorama), the camera horizontally so that it sweeps around the scene. It can also ...
- Pannini, Giovanni Paolo
- the foremost painter of Roman topography in the 18th century. His real and imaginary views of the ruins of ancient Rome embody precise observation and tender nostalgia, combining elements of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Pannonhalma Apatsag
- (from the article "Gyor-Moson-Sopron") On a northern spur of the Bakony Mountains, just southeast of Gyor, is Pannonhalma Apatsag, a Benedictine abbey founded in 969 by Prince Geza and chartered by Stephen I in ...
- Pannonia
- province of the Roman Empire, corresponding to present-day western Hungary and parts of eastern Austria, as well as portions of several Baltic states, primarily Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia (Vojvodina). The ... [6 Related Articles]
- Pannonian Basin
- (from the article "Carpathian Mountains") ...the range from other basic geologic elements of Europe, such as the old Bohemian Massif and the Russian, or East European, Platform. Within the arc formed by the Carpathians are ...
- pannus
- (from the article "rheumatoid arthritis") Active inflammation is first seen in the synovial membranes of the joints, which become red and swollen. Later, a layer of roughened granulation tissue, or pannus, protrudes over the surface ...
- Pano
- (from the article "South American forest Indian") The Ge family includes groups most of which are located in the semi-arid lands of central Brazil. In the extreme northwest of Brazil and in the jungles of eastern Peru ...
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