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P'alkwanhoe ... pacifism

P'alkwanhoe: (Korean: "Assembly of P'alkwan"), most important of Korea's ancient national festivals, a ritualistic celebration that was essentially Buddhist in form but tinged with elements of Taoism and indigenous folk beliefs. ...
P'an Ku: central figure in Chinese Taoist legends of creation. P'an Ku, the first man, is said to have come forth from chaos (an egg) with two horns, two tusks, and a ...
P'an-lung-ch'eng: ). The site, located near the confluence of the Yangtze and Han-shui rivers in central Hupei, consists of five graves and two storage pits that were first excavated in 1963 ...
p'an-t'ao: (Chinese: "flat peach"), in Chinese Taoist mythology, the peach of immortality that grew in the garden of Hsi wang mu ("Queen Mother of the West"). When the fruit ripened every ...
P'anmunjom: village, central Korea, in the demilitarized zone established after the Korean War, 5 miles (8 km) east of Kaesong and 3 miles (5 km) south of the 38th parallel, on ...
p'Bitek, Okot: Ugandan poet, novelist, and social anthropologist whose three verse collections-Song of Lawino (1966), Song of Ocol (1970), and Two Songs (1971)-are considered to be among the best African poetry in ...
P'eng-hu Islands: archipelago and hsien (county) of Taiwan, consisting of about 64 small islands, approximately 30 miles (50 km) west of the coast of Taiwan, from which it is separated by the ...
p'i-p'a: short-necked Chinese lute prominent in Chinese opera orchestras and as a solo instrument. Ultimately of West Asian origin, it was known in China by the 2nd century AD. It has ...
P'ing-hsiang: city in western Kiangsi sheng (province), China. P'ing-hsiang is situated on the border of Hunan province. It lies in the midst of the Wu-kung Mountains on the upper course of ...
P'ing-hsiang: city in southwestern Kwangsi Chuang autonomous region, China. The city is situated on the border with Vietnam. It was founded as a military outpost under the name P'ing-hsiang during the ...
P'ing-liang: city, eastern Kansu sheng (province), north-central China. It lies near the borders of Ningsia Hui autonomous region and Shensi province. Located in the eastern Kansu loesslands, the town is situated ...
P'ing-ti: last ruling emperor of China's Western, or Former, Han dynasty.
P'ing-tung: shih (municipality) and seat of P'ing-tung hsien (county), southwestern Taiwan. It is located 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Kao-hsiung city, in the southern part of the western plain. Founded ...
P'ing-tung: southernmost hsien (county) of Taiwan. It is bordered by Kao-hsiung hsien (northwest), T'ai-tung hsien (northeast), and by the Luzon Strait (southwest). The Central Range (2,300-10,000 feet [700-3,000 m] above sea ...
p'o: in Chinese Taoism, the earthly (inferior, material) human soul as distinguished from the heavenly hun (superior, spiritual) soul. The distinction is based on the Chinese concept of yin-yang, the inescapable ...
P'o-yang, Lake: large lake in northern Kiangsi sheng (province), China. It lies in a depression south of the Yangtze River and is fed by various rivers from Kiangsi, the most important being ...
P'ohang: city, Kyongsang-puk do (province), eastern South Korea. A fishing port, it lies on the eastern side of the Yongil Gulf, 51 miles (82 km) east-northeast of Taegu, the provincial capital. ...
p'u: (Chinese: "simple," "in primordial condition"), in Chinese Taoism, metaphorical expression often translated as "uncarved block" and signifying the primordial condition of the mind before it has been affected by experiences. ...
P'u-chou: town in east central Shansi Province (sheng), China. It stands on the east bank of the Huang Ho (Yellow River), on the north side of the western spur of the ...
P'u-i: last emperor of the Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty in China and Japan's puppet emperor of Manchoukuo (Manchuria) from 1934 to 1945. P'u-i succeeded to the Manchu throne at the age of ...
p'ungsuchirisol: (Korean: "theory of wind, water, and land"), in Korean religion, geomancy, a belief that the natural environment of a particular location can influence the fortune of its inhabitants and descendants. ...
P'yongsong: city, western North Korea, located about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of P'yongyang, the national capital. P'yongsong is a new city built near the old provincial capital of Sain-ni, at ...
P'yongyang: capital of North Korea, on the Taedong River about 30 miles (48 km) inland from the Korea Bay of the Yellow Sea. It is reputed to be the oldest city ...
P-38: fighter-interceptor aircraft used by the U.S. Army Air Force during World War II. The P-38 was produced by the Lockheed Aircraft Company, on a design specification of 1937 calling for ...
P-47: fighter and fighter-bomber aircraft used by the Allied air forces during World War II. A single-seat, single-engine, low-wing monoplane, it was developed in the United States by Republic Aviation to ...
P-51: one of the finest fighter aircraft of World War II, a single-seat, single-engine, low-wing monoplane that was produced by North American Aviation for Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) and later ...
p-n junction: in electronics, the interface within diodes, transistors, and other semiconductor devices between two different types of materials called p-type and n-type semiconductors. These materials are formed by the deliberate addition ...
Pa: ancient tribe and later an ancient Chinese feudal state that came into being in the 11th century BC, under the Western Chou. It was situated in the Chia-ling valley of ...
Pa Hsien: heterogeneous group of holy Taoists, each of whom earned the right to immortality and had free access to the Peach Festival of Hsi Wang Mu, Queen Mother of the West. ...
Pa Sak River: river in central Thailand. It rises in the northern portion of the Phetchabun Range and flows south through a narrow valley for 319 miles (513 km). It empties into the ...
Pa-an: town, southern Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the left bank of the Salween River, 27 miles (43 km) north of Moulmein (Mawlamyine), it has an airfield and is linked by road ...
Paarl: town, Western Cape province, South Africa, east of Cape Town, on the Groot-Berg River between the Paarl Mountain and the Drakenstein Range. Settled in 1688 by Huguenots, who introduced viticulture, ...
Paasche index: index developed by German economist Hermann Paasche for measuring current price or quantity levels relative to those of a selected base period. It differs from the Laspeyres index in that ...
Paasikivi, Juho Kusti: Finnish statesman and diplomat who, as prime minister (1918, 1944-46) and then president (1946-56) of Finland, cultivated harmonious relations with the Soviet Union in an effort to ensure some measure ...
pabbajja: Buddhist rite of ordination by which a layman becomes a novice (Pali samanera; Sanskrit sramanera). The ceremony is also the preliminary part of higher ordination, raising a novice to a ...
Pabianice: town and suburb of Lodz, in Lodzkie wojewodztwo (province), central Poland, in the Lodz Highlands on the Dobrzynka River. The second most important town in the surrounding ...
Pabna: city, west-central Bangladesh. It lies along the Ichamati River, which is a tributary of the Padma (Ganges). An industrial centre, Pabna has jute mills and is noted for its hosiery ...
Pabst, G.W.: German film director whose films were among the most artistically successful of the 1920s. Pabst's films are marked by social and political concerns, deep psychological insight, memorable female protagonists, and ...
paca: either of two species of South American rodents with piglike bodies, large heads, and swollen cheeks. They have short ears, large eyes, and long whiskers, and their bodies are stout, ...
Pacaraima Mountains: central tabular upland of the Guiana Highlands in Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana. The Pacaraima Mountains form the drainage divide between the Orinoco Valley to the north and the Amazon Basin ...
pacarana: a rare and slow-moving South American rodent found only in tropical forests of the western Amazon River basin and adjacent foothills of the Andes Mountains from northwestern Venezuela and Colombia ...
Pacatus Drepanius, Latinius: Gallo-Roman orator and poet, the author of an extant panegyric addressed to Theodosius I at Rome in 389 after the defeat of the usurper Maximus. He was a friend of ...
Pace University: private, coeducational institution of higher learning with campuses in New York City, Pleasantville, and White Plains, New York, U.S. The university includes Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Lubin School ...
pacemaker: electronic cardiac-support device that produces rhythmic electrical impulses that take over the regulation of the heartbeat in patients with certain types of heart disease.
Pachacamac: creator deity worshipped by the pre-Inca maritime population of Peru; it was also the name of a pilgrimage site in the Lurin Valley (south of Lima) dedicated to the god ...
Pachacamac: large pre-Columbian ruin located in the Lurin Valley on the central coast of present-day Peru. The earliest major occupation and construction of Pachacamac dates to the Early Intermediate Period (c. ...
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui: Inca emperor (1438-71), an empire builder who, because he initiated the swift, far-ranging expansion of the Inca state, has been likened to Philip II of Macedonia. (Similarly, his son Topa ...
Pachaimalai Hills: range of hills in Tamil Nadu state, southern India, an eastward extension of the Eastern Ghats in the northeastern Tamilnad Uplands. The Pachaimalai Hills, together with the Javadi, Shevaroy, and ...
Pacheco Pereira, Duarte: Portuguese sea captain and explorer who may have discovered Brazil in 1498, two years before Pedro Alvarez Cabral explored the Brazilian coast. Because of his military exploits in India, the ...
Pacheco, Francisco: Spanish painter, teacher, and scholar. Although an undistinguished artist himself, he is remembered as the teacher of both Diego Velazquez and Alonso Cano and as the author of
Pacheco, Jose Emilio: Mexican critic, novelist, short-story writer, translator, and poet. His poetry transmits his metaphysical concerns in brilliant images.
Pachelbel, Johann: German composer known for his works for organ and one of the great organ masters of the generation before J.S. Bach.
Pacher, Michael: late Gothic painter and wood-carver, one of the earliest artists to introduce the principles of Renaissance painting into Germany.
Pachisi: board game, sometimes called the national game of India. Four players in opposing partnerships of two attempt to move pieces around a cross-shaped track. Moves are determined by throws of ...
Pachmann, Vladimir von: Russian pianist known for his performances of the music of Frederic Chopin. Pachmann studied in Vienna and made his debut in 1869 in Odessa. Though his early concerts were successful, ...
Pachomius, Saint: founder of Christian cenobitic (communal) monasticism, whose rule (book of observances) for monks is the earliest extant.
Pachuca: capital city, Hidalgo estado ("state"), east-central Mexico. It was one of the first settlements in New Spain and lies in a rich mining district in the Sierra Madre Oriental, 7,959 ...
Pachycephalosaurus: genus of large and unusual dinosaurs found as fossils in deposits of North America dating to the Late Cretaceous Epoch (97.5 to 66.4 million years ago). Pachycephalosaurus,which grew to be ...
Pachymeres, George: outstanding 13th-century Byzantine liberal-arts scholar, whose chronicle of the Palaeologus emperors is the period's main historical source.
Pacific Coast: region, western North America, possessing two unifying geologic and geographic properties-the Pacific Ocean, which constitutes a natural western border, and the coastal mountain ranges that form the eastern border of ...
Pacific Community, Secretariat of the: organization founded in 1947 by the governments of Australia, France, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Great Britain, and the United States to advise them on economic, social, and health matters affecting ...
Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail: wilderness footpath and equestrian trail in the western United States. It extends from north to southeast some 2,650 miles (4,265 km), from the border of Canada near Castle Peak, northern ...
Pacific Grove: resort and residential city, Monterey county, western California, U.S. It lies along Monterey Bay and adjoins the city of Monterey. Founded in 1875 by Methodists as a summer religious retreat, ...
Pacific Islands: geographic region of the Pacific Ocean. The term is commonly accepted as including all of those islands in the Pacific that are collectively referred to as Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, ...
Pacific Islands Forum: organization established in 1971 to provide a setting for heads of government to discuss common issues and problems facing the independent and self-governing states of the South Pacific. Headquartered in ...
Pacific Islands, history of: history of the islands from prehistoric times to the end of colonial rule in the period after World War II.
Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the: former United Nations strategic-area trusteeship that was administered by the United States from 1947 to 1986. The territory consisted of more than 2,000 islands scattered over about 3,000,000 square miles ...
Pacific League: one of the two leagues of professional baseball teams in Japan (the other being the Central League). The Pacific League was founded in 1950. It has six teams, some of ...
Pacific mountain system: series of mountain ranges that stretches along the Pacific coast of North America from northern British Columbia (Canada) to northwestern Mexico. They run for some 4,500 miles (7,250 kilometres) in ...
Pacific Ocean: body of saltwater extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and lying between the continents of Asia and Australia on the west and ...
Pacific Railway Acts: (1862, 1864), two measures that provided federal subsidies in land and loans for the construction of a transcontinental railroad across the United States.
Pacific Scandal: (1872-73), charges of corruption against Canadian prime minister John Macdonald in awarding the contract for a transcontinental railroad; the incident resulted in the downfall of Macdonald's Conservative administration.
Pacific, University of the: private coeducational institution of higher education in Stockton, California, U.S. The university includes the College of the Pacific (arts and sciences) and schools of education, music, business, engineering and computer ...
Pacific, War of the: (1879-83), conflict involving Chile, Bolivia, and Peru, which resulted in Chilean annexation of valuable disputed territory on the Pacific coast. It grew out of a dispute between Chile and Bolivia ...
Pacific-10 Conference: West Coast American collegiate athletic association that grew out of several earlier versions, the first of which, the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC), was founded in 1915. The original members were ...
pacifism: the opposition to war and violence as a means of settling disputes. Pacifism may entail the belief that the waging of war by a state and the participation in war ...