(from the article "Parthian language") ...Iran) and became the official language of the Arsacid period of Persian dynastic history (2nd century BC-3rd century AD). Among the earliest records of the language are more than 2,000 ...
political practice in ancient Athens whereby a prominent citizen who threatened the stability of the state could be banished without bringing any charge against him. (A similar device existed at ... [1 Related Articles]
an archaic and informal term for a member of the group of armoured, jawless, fishlike vertebrates that emerged during the early part of the Paleozoic Era (542-251 million years ago). ... [1 Related Articles]
potshard or limestone flake used in antiquity, especially by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Hebrews, as a surface for drawings or sketches, or as an alternative to papyrus for writing ...
(from the article "dodgeball") Dodgeball is similar to an ancient Greek game played with seashells, called ostrakinda. Court dodge was a similar game played in 16th-century England.variation of tag
city, northeastern Czech Republic. It lies between the Ostravice and Oder rivers above their confluence at the southern edge of the Upper Silesian coalfield. It was founded about 1267 as ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "oyster") True oysters (family Ostreidae) include species of Ostrea, Crassostrea, and Pycnodonte. Common Ostrea species include the European flat, or edible, oyster, O. edulis; the Olympia oyster, O. lurida; and O. ...
(from the article "bivalve") ...close attachment of one valve to a hard surface, and although some groups still retain byssal attachment (family Anomiidae), others have forsaken this for cementation, as in the true oysters ...
(from the article "bivalve") ...unfused and often red, with long autotomizing tentacles; some swim weakly; marine; epibyssate with byssus sometimes formed into a nest. About 125 species.Shell valves unequal, variable, ...
flightless bird found only in open country of Africa. The largest living bird, an adult male may be 2.75 metres (about 9 feet) tall-almost half of its height is neck-and ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Jack the Ripper") ...most commonly cited suspects are Montague Druitt, a barrister and teacher with an interest in surgery who was said to be insane and who disappeared after the final murders and ...
member of a division of the Goths (see Goth); the Ostrogoths developed an empire north of the Black Sea in the 3rd century AD and, in the late 5th century, ... [14 Related Articles]
(from the article "Gothic language") ...Germanic language family because its records, except for a few scattered runic inscriptions, antedate those of the other Germanic languages by about four centuries. Gothic occurred in two dialects: Ostrogothic ...
city, Mazowieckie wojewodztwo (province), northeastern Poland. It lies on the eastern bank of the Narew River, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Lomza city.
American paleontologist (b. Feb. 18, 1928, New York, N.Y.-d. July 16, 2005, Litchfield, Conn.), popularized the theory that many species of dinosaurs are ancestrally linked to birds. His enthusiasm and ...
(from the article "fungus") ...lichens; stalked or sessile ascomata; includes cap lichen; included in subclass Ostropomycetidae; example genus includes Baeomyces.Forms lichens; apothecia may be capitate-stipitate or sessile turbinate; includes dimple lichen, gomphillus lichen, ...
(from the article "Russia") ...method that in 1934 was declared to be the only acceptable one for Soviet writers. Only a few of these works produced in this style-notably Fyodor Gladkov's Cement (1925), Nikolay ...
city, Wielkopolskie wojewodztwo (province), west-central Poland. A rail junction and industrial town, it produces machine tools and railroad cars, lumber, ceramics, and textiles. The city, which lies ...
city, Swietokrzyskie wojewodztwo (province), southeastern Poland. The city lies along the Kamienna River, a tributary of the Vistula, and is situated in the Polish Uplands just north ...
(from the article "Ukraine") Attempts to revive the fortunes of the Ruthenian church gathered strength in the last decades of the 16th century. About 1580 Prince Konstantyn Ostrozky founded at Ostroh in Volhynia a ...
(from the article "nitric acid") The principal method of manufacture of nitric acid is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. In the method developed by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald in 1901, ammonia gas is successively ...
Russian-German chemist and philosopher who was instrumental in establishing physical chemistry as an acknowledged branch of chemistry. He was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on ... [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "anarchism") Although much diminished, anarchist activity in Japan did not completely cease during this period. Osugi Sakae, the foremost figure in Japanese anarchism in the decade after Kotoku's death, published anarchist ...
first Earth satellite orbited by Japan. It was launched on Feb. 11, 1970, from Kagoshima Space Center on Kyushu and was named for the peninsula on which the centre is ... [1 Related Articles]
archipelago, Kagoshima ken (prefecture), Japan, lying south of the Osumi Peninsula of Kyushu. It consists of Tanega Island and Yaku Island and several smaller isles, with a combined area of ...
state, western Nigeria. Osun state was created in 1991 from the eastern third of Oyo state. It is bounded by the states of Kwara on the northeast, Ondo on the ...
town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. Osuna lies at the foot of a hill at the ...
(from the article "biblical literature") ...only in the 18th century. A Roman Catholic Bible made from the Latin Vulgate by Jiri Palkovic was printed in the Gothic script (2 vol. Gran, 1829, 1832) and another, ...
(from the article "lied") ...of polyphonic lieder for two or more voices or voice and instruments. One of the most popular polyphonic lieder is the two-voice "Wach auff myn Hort" ("Awake, my darling") by ...
Anglo-Saxon archbishop of Danish parentage who was a leading figure in the 10th-century movement of monastic and feudalistic reforms. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Disney, Walt") With Roy as business manager, Disney resumed the Alice series, persuading Iwerks to join him and assist with the drawing of the cartoons. They invented a character called Oswald the ...
accused assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963. He himself was fatally shot two days later by Jack Ruby (1911-67) in the Dallas County ... [2 Related Articles]
Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria from 633 to 642 who introduced Celtic Christian missionaries to his kingdom and gained ascendancy over most of England. [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Baseball") ...point during the regular season was 15 games under .500, achieved the first National League (NL) pennant in the franchise's 44-year history by defeating the St. Louis Cardinals four games ...
county, north-central New York state, U.S., bordered by Lake Ontario to the northwest and the Oswego and Oneida rivers and Oneida Lake to the south. Other waterways include the Salmon ...
port city, seat (1816) of Oswego county, north-central New York, U.S. It lies along Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Oswego River, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Syracuse. ...
(from the article "Monarda") M. fistulosa, growing to 1.5 m (5 feet) tall, has a minty aroma. The more sharply scented Oswego tea (M. didyma), shorter and with scarlet flowers, is native in eastern ...
(from the article "Oswestry") town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Shropshire, western England, bordered on three sides by Wales. Oswestry lies in a scenic setting in the foothills of the Berwyn ...
town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Shropshire, western England, bordered on three sides by Wales. Oswestry lies in a scenic setting in the foothills of the Berwyn ...
city, Malopolskie wojewodztwo (province), southern Poland. It lies at the confluence of the Vistula and Sola rivers. A rail junction and industrial centre, the town became known ...
city, Gumma ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Tone River. During the Tokugawa period (1603-1867) it was a market town, a post town on the Nikko Highway, and a temple ...
regional council, southeastern South Island, New Zealand, encompassing the Otago Mountains, a fragmented schist plateau. The region stretches westward across South Island from the south Pacific Ocean to include the ...
(from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...its green "Town Belt," planned by the founders to surround the inner city with 500 acres (200 hectares) of forest. Other prominent features include a botanic garden, an art gallery, ...
(from the article "Phyllanthus") ...best showing this shedding adaptation are sometimes referred to two other genera, Cicca and Emblica, though many less-known Phyllanthus species have the same adaptation. Otaheite gooseberry (P. acidus, or Cicca ...
king of Bohemia (1198-1230), who won both Bohemia's autonomy from the German king and the hereditary rights to the Bohemian crown for his house of Premysl. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Abukuma-sammyaku") ...(Abukuma Plateau) because much of the original surface in the south has been obliterated by erosion and broken by several parallel fault valleys that run from north-northwest to south-southeast. Otakine-san ...
(from the article "arts, East Asian") ...produced by mountain dwellers, has a burnt-reddish surface and is noted especially for extensive and flamboyant applied decorative schemes, some of which may have been related to a snake cult. ...
(from the article "Kazakhstan") ...opposition politicians warned that the changes, especially the introduction of electronic voting, would make it easier to falsify election results. The election, held on September 19, resulted in Otan, the ...
(from the article "Syria") ...km (71,498 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 19,048,000 (excluding 1,400,000 Iraqi refugees) | Capital: Damascus | Head of state and government: President Bashar al-Assad, assisted by Prime Minister Muhammad ...
city, Hokkaido, Japan, on Ishikari Bay of the Sea of Japan. Its name is a corruption of the Ainu word otarunai, meaning "sandy beach." Otaru developed as a modern town ...
town, north-central Ecuador, in the Andean highlands at an elevation of 8,441 feet (2,573 metres). The area was densely settled by the Otavalo Indians prior to its conquest by the ...
(from the article "Namibia") Namibia's soils range from barren sand and rock to low-quality sand-dominated to relatively fertile soils. The best soils are in the north, in the Otavi Mountains, in parts of the ...
Basque sculptor (b. Oct. 21, 1908, Orio, Spain-d. April 9, 2003, San Sebastian, Spain), examined the nature of space and emptiness in monumental minimalist sculptures that were influential in the ...
(from the article "Bora-Bora") ...of French Polynesia. It lies in the central South Pacific Ocean, about 165 miles (265 km) northwest of Tahiti. The mountainous island, some 6 miles (10 km) long and 2.5 ...
county, southern New Mexico, U.S., bordered on the south by Texas. The terrain comprises drastic extremes, including elevations to 11,997 feet (3,656 m) at Sierra Blanca, extensive, waterless deserts, and ...
(from the article "Galicia") ...films. Among the preeminent Galician scholars of the 20th century were Ramon Menendez Pidal (1869-1968), whose works centred on Spanish philology and culture, and Ramon Otero Pedrayo (1888-1976), who published ...
(from the article "Latin American art") ...colours and textures used by Venezuelan sculptors also related to the Op art movement of the early 1960s. Jesus Rafael Soto's moving wire reliefs challenged the viewer's perception, and Alejandro ...
a Moorish general in the service of Venice in Shakespeare's Othello. Driven by jealousy that has been skillfully manipulated, Othello takes the life of Desdemona, his doting ... [3 Related Articles]
tragedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written in 1603-04 and published in 1622 in a quarto edition from a transcript of an authorial manuscript. The text published in the ... [10 Related Articles]
(from the article "Famagusta") ...military architecture extant. The walls are 50 feet (15 metres) high and 27 feet (8 metres) thick in places, and north of the well-preserved sea gate (rebuilt 1492) stands the ...
in philosophy, the problem of justifying the commonsensical belief that others besides oneself possess minds and are capable of thinking or feeling somewhat as one does oneself. The problem has ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Kasparov, Garry") ...start a political organization, the United Civil Front, to oppose Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin. In 2006 Kasparov was one of the prime movers behind a broad coalition of political parties ...
(from the article "Riesman, David") ...related to any wider social forces, and are also likely to remain unchanged. In heavily industrialized societies, where the population is dense and perhaps beginning to decline, the "other-directed" individual ...
(from the article "biblical literature") The third section relates the exploits of the various judges. Othniel, a member of the tribe of Caleb, delivered the erring Israelites from eight years of oppression by Cushan-rishathaim, king ...
(from the article "Greece") ...summit rises to 9,570 feet (2,917 metres), the highest point in Greece-and the equally fine peaks of Mount Ossa and Mount Pelion (Pilion). The next spur on the west is ...
river in West Africa, rising in the southern plain of Burkina Faso. It meanders southward, briefly flowing along the Togo-Benin border. It cuts south-southwest across northern Togo and then forms ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Gur languages") Most Gur languages fall into one of two groups: Central Gur and Senufo. Central Gur itself breaks down into two major subgroups, termed Oti-Volta (with some 25 languages in Ghana, ...
(from the article "ear, human") ...tube, which connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx (see Eustachian tube). The inner (medial) wall, which separates the middle ear from the inner ear, or labyrinth, is a part ...
(from the article "Eiffel Tower") ...shape, which was dictated partly by engineering considerations but also partly by Eiffel's artistic sense, the piers required elevators to ascend on a curve; the glass-cage machines designed by the ...
American political activist during the period leading up to the American Revolution. He helped formulate the colonists' grievances against the British government in the 1760s. [2 Related Articles]
American bandleader, drummer, vibraphonist, singer, producer, and promoter of rhythm and blues and rock and roll. Otis was instrumental in furthering the careers of a number of important rhythm-and-blues performers.
dermatitis of the external auditory canal and sometimes also of the exposed ear. The skin on these ear parts becomes dry, scaling, and itchy, and there may be foul-smelling watery ... [1 Related Articles]
inflammation of the lining of the middle ear and one of the most common infections in childhood. In its acute form, it commonly develops in association with an infection of ... [2 Related Articles]
town, north-central Namibia. Otjiwarongo town (at an elevation of 4,790 feet [1,460 metres]) is located in a generally flat, semiarid region of varied grasses, scrub bush, and thorn trees. Sheep ...
Belgian lawyer and bibliographer who, with Henri-Marie Lafontaine, devised the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) system of subject groups for library collections. [1 Related Articles]
North American Indian people of the Chiwere branch of the Siouan linguistic family, which also includes the closely related Missouri and Iowa tribes. In their historic past the Oto, together ...
a phylum, or stock, of American Indian languages made up of the following language families and groups: Oto-Pamean, Popolocan, Mixtecan, Zapotecan, Chinantecan, and Manguean. The Tlapanec and Huave language groups ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mesoamerican Indian languages") The Oto-Pamean stock contains four groups and complexes, Chichimec, Pamean, Matlatzinca, and Otomian, of which only the last two are spoken within Mesoamerica. The exact number of languages within the ...
(from the article "Triassic Period") ...Permian faunas are found. However, recent studies suggest that the lowermost Werfen may contain Permian fossils. In the Himalayas Claraia occurs with the ammonoid Otoceras in the ...
medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Traditionally, treatment of the ear was associated with that of the eye in medical ...
(from the article "bush baby") ...bark of a tree by digging in their sharp-pointed clawlike nails, stabbing the bark with specialized canine and premolar teeth, and then scraping up the gum that flows out. The ...
(from the article "inner ear") ...of the organ of Corti. The utricle and saccule each contain a macula, an organ consisting of a patch of hair cells covered by a gelatinous membrane containing particles of ...
(from the article "ear, human") The two membranous sacs of the vestibule, the utricle and the saccule, are known as the otolith organs (Figure 4). Because they respond to gravitational forces, they are also called ...
(from the article "ear, human") ...to alter the rate of the nerve impulses that they are constantly sending via the vestibular nerve fibres to the brain stem. Covering the entire macula is a delicate acellular ...
(from the article "ear, human") ...or audiologist with important information for determining the nature and cause of the hearing defect. (The audiologist is primarily concerned with measuring the degree of hearing impairment; the otologist diagnoses ...
(from the article "tactical weapons system") ...varied. Israel's Gabriel system is operated at a computerized control console by one person, who can feed targeting data to the missile before launch and, if desired, during flight. The ...
Ghanaian barrister who in 1970 became the 15th Asantehene, or king of the Ashanti people, and thereafter ruled over the everyday spiritual and cultural life of the ancient kingdom (b. ...
Middle American Indian population living in the central plateau region of Mexico. The Otomi peoples speak at least four closely related languages, all called Otomi. A rather large number of ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Oto-Manguean languages") The most important of the Oto-Manguean languages are Otomi, of the Oto-Pamean family, spoken in the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Mexico, Veracruz, Queretaro, and adjacent states; Mixtec dialects, of the ...
(from the article "Japan") ...era, seeking profits of foreign trade and the acquisition of military equipment and supplies, protected Christianity. Some daimyo became Christian converts. Three Kyushu Christian lords-Otomo Sorin, Arima Harunobu, and Omura ...
