(from the article "digestion") ...are then absorbed into the cells. In other words, the bacteria and fungi perform extracellular digestion-digestion outside cells-before ingesting the food. This is often referred to as osmotrophic nutrition.nutrition in ...
fern genus of the family Osmundaceae, with divided fronds and often growing to a height of 1.5 metres (5 feet). The matted fibrous roots of these abundant ferns are called ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Osmunda") fern genus of the family Osmundaceae, with divided fronds and often growing to a height of 1.5 metres (5 feet). The matted fibrous roots of these abundant ferns are called ...
the royal fern family, the only family of the fern order Osmundales. A primitive group consisting of three present-day genera of large ferns-Osmunda, Todea, and Leptopteris-the family contains about 20 ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "neuropteran") ...wings broad. Larvae elongated, flat; head broad posteriorly, closely attached to prothorax; jaws incurved, large, sicklelike; often arboreal, under bark.Adults medium to large; head wider than long; antennae ...
city, Lower Saxony Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the canalized Hase River between the Teutoburg Forest (Teutoburger Wald) and the Wiehen Mountains (Wiehengebirge). [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ukraine") ...the first modern Ukrainian author. In his work Eneyida (1798), he transformed the heroes of Virgil's Aeneid into Ukrainian Cossacks. Classicist prose appeared only with Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko's novel Marusya (1834).
(from the article "tunnels and underground excavations") ...that a high percentage of tunnels, especially in the United States, have experienced portal failures. Failure to locate buried valleys has also caused a number of costly surprises. The five-mile ...
(from the article "Vega, Lope de") ...to the situation. By this time, also, the poet's life was already launched on a course of tempestuous passion. The "remote beauty" who took him from the Alcala was followed ...
(from the article "El Salvador") ...the country to a standstill and caused the dictator to resign from office. There was no real change, however, until 1948, when a revolt by young army officers installed a ...
(from the article "Egypt, ancient") The fifth king of the 21st dynasty, Osorkon I (ruled c. 979-c. 973 BC), was of Libyan descent and probably was an ancestor of the 22nd dynasty, which followed a ...
(from the article "Egypt, ancient") ...capital of Napata. The earliest ruler of the state known by name was Alara, whose piety toward Amon is mentioned in several inscriptions. His successor, Kashta, proceeded into Upper Egypt, ...
city, southern Chile, lying at the junction of the Damas and Rahue rivers, 40 miles (64 km) inland from the Pacific coast. It was founded in 1553 under the name ...
(from the article "Chile") ...highest mountains between 34°30' and 42° S are volcanoes, ranging between 8,700 and 11,500 feet. Some of them are extinct while others are still active. Among them are Copahue, Llaima, ...
(from the article "North Sea") The 1992 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention) revised and incorporated earlier international agreements concerning marine pollution in the North Sea. The ...
(from the article "arcade") ...on the capitals of a row of columns, a style that was standard in the Romanesque and Gothic periods and that was revived and widely used during the Renaissance (e.g., ...
(from the article "Vivaldi, Antonio") ...public appearance playing alongside his father in the basilica as a "supernumerary" violinist in 1696. He became an excellent violinist, and in 1703 he was appointed violin master at the ...
(from the article "mollusk") Supplied by the most posterior aspect of the lateral nerve cords, a chemoreceptive sense organ (the osphradium) monitors the water currents entering the mantle cavity. This organ has regressed in ...
(from the article "labyrinth fish") ...some are commonly kept in home aquariums. The various species, once grouped together in the family Anabantidae, may be placed in five families: Badidae, Anabantidae, Belontiidae, Helostomatidae, and Osphronemidae.
(from the article "gourami") any of several of the freshwater, tropical labyrinth fishes (order Perciformes), especially Osphronemus goramy, an East Indian fish that is caught or raised for food; it has been introduced elsewhere. ...
(from the article "Colombia") ...to social change. In the elections of 1946, two Liberal candidates, Gabriel Turbay and Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, stood for election and thus split the Liberal vote. A Conservative, Mariano Ospina ...
large, long-winged hawk, about 65 cm (26 inches) long, that lives along seacoasts and larger interior waterways, where it catches fish. It is brown above and white below, with some ... [3 Related Articles]
ancient kingdom in northwestern Mesopotamia, located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and lying across the modern frontier of Turkey and Syria. Its capital was Edessa (modern Urfa, Tur.). The ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "Osroene") ...and Tigris rivers and lying across the modern frontier of Turkey and Syria. Its capital was Edessa (modern Urfa, Tur.). The name of the kingdom appears to have been ultimately ...
gemeente (municipality), south-central Netherlands, east-northeast of 's-Hertogenbosch and about 3 miles (5 km) south of the Maas (Meuse) River. Principal economic activities include food processing, pharmaceuticals and electronics manufacturing, and ...
mountain massif, nomos (department) of Larissa, eastern Thessaly, Greece. It lies on the Gulf of Thermai and is separated on the north from the Olympus massif by the Vale of ...
highest peak in Tasmania, Australia, rising to 5,305 feet (1,617 m), in the central highlands. At the northern end of the rugged Ducane Range, Mount Ossa, along with several other ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "2005: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Paul Haggis and Bobby Moresco; story by Paul Haggis for Crash Adapted Screenplay: Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana for Brokeback MountainCinematography: Dion ...
(from the article "ear, human") A thin bony shelf, the osseous spiral lamina, winds around the modiolus like the thread of a screw. It projects about halfway across the cochlear canal, partly dividing it into ...
(from the article "Caucasian peoples") Of the Indo-European peoples, the ancestors of the Armenians entered Transcaucasia from Anatolia in the early 1st millennium BC. A second ancient Indo-European group is the Ossetes, or Ossetians, in ...
eastern Iranian language spoken in the northern Caucasus by the Ossetes. There are two major dialects: (1) eastern, called Iron, and (2) western, called Digor. The majority of the Ossetes ... [2 Related Articles]
the Irish warrior-poet of the Fenian cycle of hero tales about Finn MacCumhaill (MacCool) and his war band, the Fianna Eireann. The name Ossian became known throughout Europe in 1762, ... [5 Related Articles]
Irish lyric and narrative poems dealing with the legends of Finn MacCumhaill and his war band. They are named for Oisin (Ossian), the chief bard of the Fenian cycle. These ...
(from the article "echinoderm") ...sheath (theca or calyx) composed of two or three whorls, each consisting of five skeletal plates; the stalk and the slender appendages (cirri) of unstalked forms consist of a series ...
(from the article "ear disease") The ossicular chain of three tiny bones needed to carry sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the fluid that fills the inner ear may be disrupted by infection or ...
village in the town (township) of Ossining, Westchester county, southeastern New York, U.S., on the east bank of the Hudson River. The site was part of a land grant made ...
an ancient kingdom of Ireland that won for itself a semi-independent position as a state within the kingdom of Leinster, probably in the 1st century AD. In the 9th century ...
(from the article "Ireland") ...transition to the new system. Silken Thomas had opposed Henry VIII's breach with Rome; his rebellion failed and he was executed in 1537. This caused a revival of the power ...
(from the article "Central Asian arts") Between the 5th and 7th centuries, the Sogdians made dried-brick caskets shaped like rectangular rooms to contain ossuaries, or urns for the bones of the dead. The sides and lids ...
painter and printmaker of the Baroque period known for his genre pictures of Dutch peasant life. He also did religious subjects, portraits, and landscapes. Van Ostade was a prolific artist, ... [1 Related Articles]
Dutch genre and landscape painter of the Baroque period, especially noted for his winter scenes and depictions of peasants and travelers at rustic inns.
Flemish man of letters whose avant-garde Expressionist poetry and writings on literature and art were influential in Belgium and The Netherlands. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ilf and Petrov") ...of farcical adventures within a framework of telling satire on Soviet life during the New Economic Policy (NEP) period. The work was an instant success, and its rogue-hero-the irrepressible Ostap ...
any of about 6,000 species of bony fishes belonging to the superorder Ostariophysi, including the majority of freshwater fishes throughout the world. Familiar representatives of this group are the minnows, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Western architecture") ...combined Northern Renaissance features with a crenellated Gothic skyline. Its fine craftsmanship and delicate eclecticism were echoed in the celebrated Town Hall at Stockholm, designed in 1908 by Ragnar Ostberg ...
Riding a huge wave of popularity in 2005 was American evangelist Joel Osteen. As pastor of the nondenominational Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas, Osteen led the largest and fastest-growing congregation ...
municipality, Flanders Region, northwestern Belgium. It lies along the North Sea and at the end of the Ghent-Brugge Canal. A fishing village (originally Oostende-ter-Streepe) since the 9th century, it was ... [1 Related Articles]
trading company that operated from the Austrian Netherlands from 1722 to 1731. Founded by the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, it represented an attempt to cash in on the riches ... [4 Related Articles]
(Oct. 18, 1854), communication from three U.S. diplomats to Secretary of State William L. Marcy, advocating U.S. seizure of Cuba from Spain; the incident marked the high point of the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Canadian literature") ...Jalna series (1927-60). Out of the Prairies emerged the novel of social realism, which documented the small, often narrow-minded farming communities pitted against an implacable nature. Martha Ostenso's Wild Geese ...
disorder of the joints characterized by progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage. It is the most common joint disease, affecting more than 80 percent of those who reach the age ... [5 Related Articles]
large cell responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during both initial bone formation and later bone remodeling. Osteoblasts form a closely packed sheet on the surface of the ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "joint disease") ...to the abnormality of the red blood cells. There is no entirely persuasive explanation for other types of aseptic necrosis that occur in adults. In each instance the hip is ...
solitary benign tumour that consists partly of cartilage and partly of bone. Osteochondromas are common and may develop spontaneously following trauma or may have a hereditary basis. No treatment is ...
(from the article "osteochondroma") Osteochondromatosis (also called hereditary multiple exostosis or diaphyseal aclasis) is a relatively common disorder of skeletal development in children in which bony protrusions develop on the long bones, ribs, and ...
relatively common temporary orthopedic disorder of children in which the epiphysis (growing end) of a bone dies and then is gradually replaced over a period of years. The immediate cause ...
large multinucleated cell responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone. Bone is a dynamic tissue that is continuously being broken down and restructured in response to such influences as ... [3 Related Articles]
bone tumour found predominantly at the end of long bones in the knee region, but also occurring in the wrist, arm, and pelvis. The large multinucleated cells (giant cells) found ...
a cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bone. It occupies a small chamber called a lacuna, which is contained in the calcified matrix of bone. Osteocytes derive ... [2 Related Articles]
assemblage of fossilized animal bones found at Taung by Raymond Arthur Dart about 200 miles (320 km) from Johannesburg, S.Af., where the first specimen of Australopithecus africanus was found, and ...
hereditary disease of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily. In the disorder, a genetic defect causes the abnormal or reduced production of the protein collagen, a major ... [2 Related Articles]
any member of the superorder Osteoglossomorpha, a group of morphologically and biologically diverse primitive fishes primarily found in freshwaters, although a few species enter slightly brackish water. Their relationship with ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "bone formation") ...the first type begins in the embryonic skeleton with a cartilage model, which is gradually replaced by bone. Specialized connective tissue cells called osteoblasts secrete a matrix material called osteoid, ...
(from the article "hamartoma") ...retaining normal functions. Because their growth is limited, hamartomas are not true tumours and some, such as hemangiomas that occur as birthmarks, may disappear with time. Bony tumours such as ...
extinct genus of lobe-finned fishes from the Late Devonian; Osteolepiformes is a variation of this name that was given to a group of vertebrates that contained the closest relatives of ...
(from the article "Coiter, Volcher") physician who established the study of comparative osteology and first described cerebrospinal meningitis. Through a grant from Groningen he studied in Italy and France and was a pupil of Fallopius, ...
small, often solitary bone tumour found mainly on bones of the skull. Osteomas usually appear in late childhood or young adulthood; they are often asymptomatic. They do not become malignant, ... [1 Related Articles]
condition in which the bones of an adult progressively soften because of inadequate mineralization of the bone. (In children the condition is called rickets.) Osteomalacia may occur after several pregnancies ... [6 Related Articles]
infection of bone tissue. The condition is most commonly caused by the infectious organism Staphylococcus aureus, which reaches the bone via the bloodstream or by extension from ... [2 Related Articles]
the chief structural unit of compact (cortical) bone, consisting of concentric bone layers called lamellae, which surround a long hollow passageway, the haversian canal (named for Clopton Havers, a 17th-century ... [1 Related Articles]
death of bone tissue that may result from infection, as in osteomyelitis, or deprivation of blood supply, as in fracture, dislocation, Caisson disease (decompression sickness), or radiation sickness. In all ... [1 Related Articles]
health care profession that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal structure and organ function. Osteopathic physicians develop skill in recognizing and correcting structural problems through manipulative therapy and other treatments.
(from the article "bone disease") ...metabolic abnormalities are classified with regard to the amount and composition of the bone tissue. When the amount of bone is lower or higher than normal, the conditions are termed, ...
disease characterized by the thinning of bones, with a consequent tendency to sustain fractures from minor stresses. The disorder is most common in postmenopausal women over age 50. The exact ... [13 Related Articles]
most common bone cancer, primarily affecting the long bones, particularly those in the knee, hip, or shoulder regions. The cause of osteosarcoma is unknown, but genetic factors and radiation therapy ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "bone disease") ...are classified with regard to the amount and composition of the bone tissue. When the amount of bone is lower or higher than normal, the conditions are termed, respectively, osteopenia ...
(from the article "agnathan") ...lampreys are adaptations to a burrowing habit-throughout life in the hagfish, during the larval period in the lamprey. Considerable variation in body form occurs among extinct agnathans. Some Osteostraci, for ...
(from the article "bone disease") ...of the shoulder. Structural support and smooth gliding surfaces can be obtained by insertion of metallic devices; in the hip, for example, both the ball and the socket of the ...
American astrophysicist was conducting research as a graduate student when he discovered the spiral-arm structure of the Milky Way, and he later uncovered the processes that show how the ...
narrow valley, Hedmark fylke (county), southeastern Norway. It extends in a general north-south direction from the eastern flanks of the Dovre Mountains and is approximately 75 miles (120 km) long. ... [1 Related Articles]
lan (county) of southeastern Sweden, between Vattern (lake) and the Baltic Sea. It consists of the landskap (province) of Ostergotland and a small part of that of Sodermanland. Lakes dot ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Literature") ...all the newly dead back to life. In Ulf Eriksson's Varelser av glas, the theme was less explicitly demonstrated through a mysterious tendency among certain people to break their legs. ...
French athlete who won gold medals in the shot put and the discus throw at the 1948 Olympic Games in London. She was also an accomplished concert pianist.
art museum established in Belvedere Castle, Vienna, in 1903. The museum includes many works of art that had been in the imperial Austrian private collection. The gallery is organized into ...
(from the article "Austria") ...reduced the number of nationalized firms to 19 and placed the property rights with limited powers of management and supervision into a holding company owned by the Republic of Austria, ...
(from the article "Austria") Monetary policy is determined by the European Central Bank and implemented by the Austrian National Bank (Osterreichische Nationalbank), founded in 1922. Austria was among the first group of countries to ...
(from the article "Deutscher Werkbund") The Werkbund exerted an immediate influence, and similar organizations soon grew up in Austria (Osterreichischer Werkbund, 1912) and in Switzerland (Schweizerischer Werkbund, 1913). Sweden's Slojdforeningen was converted to the approach ...
town and capital of the lan (county) of Jamtland, northwestern Sweden, on the west shore of Lake Stor. It was founded in 1786 by King Gustav III. It was subordinate, ...
ancient Roman town originally at the mouth of the Tiber River but now about 4 miles (6 km) upstream; the modern seaside resort is about 3 miles (5 km) southwest ... [6 Related Articles]
in music, short melodic phrase repeated throughout a composition, sometimes slightly varied or transposed to a different pitch. A rhythmic ostinato is a short, constantly repeated rhythmic pattern. Ostinatos appear ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "human cardiovascular system") ...arteries originate from the right and left aortic sinuses (the sinuses of Valsalva), which are bulges at the origin of the ascending aorta immediately beyond, or distal to, the aortic ...
(from the article "Baltic states") ...Such political hopes, as well as expectations of the return of expropriated property, soon evaporated. Germany turned the Baltic states and Belorussia (now Belarus) into a new territorial unit, Ostland, ...
geographic region of Norway. Encompassing the southeastern portion of the country, it ranges from the highest mountains in Norway, the Jotunheim Mountains, to coastal lowlands adjacent to the Skagerrak and ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Olympic Games") ...(Norway), who dominated the speed skating competition, capturing three gold medals. He won the 5,000-metre and 10,000-metre races by the largest margins in the history of the events. Bobsledders Andreas ...
(from Latin ostium, "mouth"), any procedure in which an artificial stoma, or opening, is surgically created; the term is also used for the opening itself. Usually ostomies ...
(from the article "United Kingdom") By the year 47, when Plautius was succeeded as commanding officer by Ostorius Scapula, a frontier had been established from Exeter to the Humber, based on the road known as ...
(from the article "international relations") ...lead, the West German foreign minister, Willy Brandt, a Socialist and former mayor of West Berlin, had made overtures toward Moscow. After becoming chancellor in 1969 he pursued a thorough ...
