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Osborn, Sherard ... osmotic pressure

Osborn, Sherard: (from the article "Lay-Osborn flotilla") ...the great Taiping Rebellion (1850-64), which was sweeping the southern provinces. Lay, who had undertaken to contract the vessels for the Chinese government, procured the gunboats and hired Captain Sherard ...
Osborne I: (from the article "computer") ...semiconductor circuitry and other devices first led to the development of somewhat smaller, portable-or, as they were sometimes called, luggable-computer systems. The first of these, the Osborne 1, designed by ...
Osborne v. Ohio: (from the article "obscenity") ...standards of obscenity in cases involving children, maintaining that the government's interest in protecting children was "compelling" and "surpassing." In OsborneOhio (1990), the court upheld a law that criminalized the ...
Osborne, Adam: British-born American computer entrepreneur (b. March 6, 1939, Bangkok, Thai.-d. March 18, 2003, Kodiakanal, India), introduced the first portable personal computer. Osborne Computer Corp. was founded in the U.S. in ...
Osborne, Barrie M.: (from the article "2003: Best Picture") Other Nominees
Osborne, Bertrand: (from the article "Montserrat") ...Party took over the government in 1991, but in 1996, in the midst of the volcano crisis, it won only one legislative seat. A weak coalition was then formed, headed ...
Osborne, Dorothy, Lady Temple: English gentlewoman best known for the letters she wrote to her future husband, William Temple, before their marriage. The letters are simply written in an easy, conversational style and present ...
Osborne, John: British playwright and film producer whose Look Back in Anger (performed 1956) ushered in a new movement in British drama and made him known as the first of the "Angry ... [5 Related Articles]
Osborne, Thomas: (from the article "Mendel, Lafayette Benedict") A professor of physiological chemistry at Yale from 1903 to 1935, he worked with the American biochemist Thomas Osborne to determine why rats could not survive on diets of pure ...
Osborne, Thomas Mott: U.S. penologist whose inauguration of self-help programs for prisoners through Mutual Welfare Leagues functioned as a model for the humanitarian programs of later penologists.
Osbourne, Ozzy: British musician, who gained a loyal following as vocalist for the heavy metal group Black Sabbath before embarking on a successful solo career. [2 Related Articles]
Oscan: (from the article "Pompeii") It seems certain that Pompeii, Herculaneum, and nearby towns were first settled by Oscan-speaking descendants of the Neolithic inhabitants of Campania. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Oscan village of Pompeii, ...
Oscan language: one of the Italic languages closely related to Umbrian and Volscian and more distantly related to Latin and Faliscan. Spoken in southern and central Italy, it was probably the native ... [3 Related Articles]
oscar: (from the article "cichlid") ...firemouth (Cichlasoma meeki), a fish with bright red in its mouth and on its throat and chest; the Jack Dempsey (C. biocellatum), a rather large, dark fish spotted with blue ...
Oscar: (from the article "submarine") ...range, culminating in the SS-N-19 Shipwreck, a supersonic missile that could carry a nuclear warhead 340 nautical miles. Twenty-four of these weapons were carried aboard the 13,000-ton, 500-foot Oscar submarines, ...
Oscar I: king of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to 1859, son of Charles XIV John, formerly the French marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte. [3 Related Articles]
Oscar II: king of Sweden from 1872 to 1907 and of Norway from 1872 to 1905. [2 Related Articles]
Osceola: American Indian leader during the Second Seminole War, which began in 1835 when the U.S. government attempted to force the Seminole Indians off their traditional lands in Florida and into ... [1 Related Articles]
Osceola: city, southern seat (1832) of Mississippi county (the northern seat is Blytheville), northeastern Arkansas, U.S., on the Mississippi River, about 50 miles (80 km) north of Memphis, Tennessee. It was ...
oscilla: (from the article "Erigone") ...Virgo, and Procyon (Canis Minor, the Lesser Dog); to propitiate Icarius and Erigone, the festival called Aiora (the Swing) was instituted. During this festival various small images (Latin oscilla) were ...
oscillating wave: (from the article "standing wave") ...energies are either added together or cancelled out. In the case of waves moving in the same direction, interference produces a travelling wave; for oppositely moving waves, interference produces an ...
oscillation: (from the article "electronics") If feedback is positive, the feedback signal reinforces the original one, and an amplifier can be made to oscillate, or generate an AC signal. Such signals are needed for many ...
oscillator: any of various electronic devices that produce alternating electric current, commonly employing tuned circuits and amplifying components such as thermionic vacuum tubes. Oscillators used to generate high-frequency currents for carrier ... [9 Related Articles]
oscillator strength: (from the article "radiation") ...depends not only on the availability (e.g., as radiation) of the precise amount of energy required but also on the quantum-mechanical probability of such a transition. That probability, the oscillator ...
Oscillatoria: genus of blue-green algae common in freshwater environments, including hot springs. This unbranched filamentous alga, occurring singly or in tangled mats, derives its name from its slow, rhythmic oscillating motion, ...
oscillograph: instrument for indicating and recording time-varying electrical quantities, such as current and voltage. The two basic forms of the instrument in common use are the electromagnetic oscillograph and the cathode-ray ... [1 Related Articles]
Osco Drug, Inc.: (from the article "Jewel-Osco") ...Groceterias. The Jewel company flourished in the Midwest with a strong emphasis on customer service. In 1961 the company expanded into the retail drugstore business with the acquisition of the ...
Osco-Umbrian languages: language group proposed by some scholars to be included in the Italic branch of Indo-European languages. The group includes Oscan, Umbrian, and the minor dialects of central Italy-Marsian, Marrucinian, Paelignian, ... [2 Related Articles]
osculating circle: (from the article "differential geometry") ...1686, first defined the curvature of a curve at each point in terms of the circle that best approximates the curve at that point. Leibniz named his approximating circle (as ...
osculating orbit: (from the article "comet") ...with a being the semimajor axis of the cometary orbit. The original value of a refers to the orbit when the comet was still outside of the solar system, as ...
osculum: (from the article "sponge") ...throughout the year. Sponges for the most part bear living young (i.e., are viviparous); the larvae are released through the canals of the excurrent (outgoing) water system and an opening ...
Oscura Peak: (from the article "Socorro") ...central New Mexico, U.S. The Rio Grande winds southward through the county. East of the river valley are the Los Pinos Mountains, the Jornada del Muerto desert, and the Sierra ...
Oseberg ship: (from the article "figurehead") Along the more blustery northwest coast of Europe, skilled sailors such as the Vikings continued to build their ships with high bows and a projecting stem. The figurehead of the ...
Osei Bonsu: (from the article "Fante confederacy") After decades of hostility, the Asante king Osei Bonsu conquered the Fante confederacy (1806-24) and gained direct access to the coast. After his death Asante power declined, and in 1831 ...
Osei Kwadwo: (from the article "Asante empire") ...period of internal chaos and factional strife was ended with the accession of Opoku Ware (ruled c. 1720-50), under whom Asante reached its fullest extent in the interior of the ...
Osei Kwame: (from the article "Asante empire") ...strife was ended with the accession of Opoku Ware (ruled c. 1720-50), under whom Asante reached its fullest extent in the interior of the country. Kings Osei Kwadwo (ruled c. ...
Osei Tutu: founder and first ruler of the Asante (Ashanti) empire (in present-day Ghana) who as chief of the small state of Kumasi came to realize (c. 1680-90) that a fusion of ... [3 Related Articles]
oseltamivir: (from the article "Bird Flu-The Next Human Pandemic?") ...pandemic be prevented? Laboratory tests suggest that two popular antiviral drugs, amantadine (Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine), do not work against H5N1. Hopes are pinned on two others, oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and ...
Oserya: (from the article "Podostemaceae") ...and Africa), Hydrobryum (10 species, eastern Nepal, Assam, and southern Japan), Castelnavia (9 species, Brazil), Mourera (6 species, northern tropical South America), and Oserya (7 species, Mexico to northern tropical ...
osetrova caviar: (from the article "caviar") ...according to the size of the eggs and the manner of processing. Grades are named for the types of sturgeon from which the eggs are taken: beluga, the largest, is ...
Osgood's rat: (from the article "rat") ...to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and weighing 95 to 240 grams (3.4 to 8.5 ounces), with a body length of 17 to 21 cm (6.7 to 8.3 inches) and ...
Osgood, Peter Leslie: British association football (soccer) player (b. Feb. 20, 1947, Windsor, Berkshire, Eng.-d. March 1, 2006, Slough, Berkshire, Eng.), was a dashing fixture on the glamorous Chelsea teams of the 1960s ...
Osgood, Robert: (from the article "nuclear strategy") ...tactical nuclear weapons were closer to conventional weapons and were to be integrated with general-purpose forces. A number of strategic thinkers in the United States, including Henry Kissinger and Robert ...
Osgood-Schlatter disease: (from the article "joint disease") ...epiphysis) is characterized by partial or complete tearing away of an epiphysis, usually as the result of injury. The epiphysis at the upper end of the thighbone is particularly susceptible. ...
Osh: city, southwestern Kyrgyzstan. The city lies at an elevation of 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) on the Akbura River where it emerges from the Alay foothills. First mentioned in writings of ...
Osh TV: (from the article "Kyrgyzstan") ...elections scheduled for February 2005. The party and independent journalists also accused the government of restricting freedom of the media by closing down the independent Pyramida TV and Osh TV ...
Oshawa: city, regional municipality of Durham county, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies on the north shore of Lake Ontario, just northeast of Toronto. Founded as Skea's Corners on the military Kingston ...
Osheroff, Douglas D.: American physicist who, along with David Lee and Robert Richardson, was the corecipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3. [4 Related Articles]
Oshetar: (from the article "Saoshyans") in Zoroastrian eschatology, final saviour of the world and quencher of its evil; he is the foremost of three saviours (the first two are Oshetar and Oshetarmah) who are all ...
Oshetarmah: (from the article "Saoshyans") in Zoroastrian eschatology, final saviour of the world and quencher of its evil; he is the foremost of three saviours (the first two are Oshetar and Oshetarmah) who are all ...
Oshima Nagisa: (from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...Akai Tenshi [The Red Angel], 1965), Imamura Shohei (Jinruigako nyumon [The Pornographers], 1966), and Oshima Nagisa (Ai no ...
Oshin: (from the article "Little Armenia") ...on the southeast coast of Anatolia, by the Armenian Rubenid dynasty in the 12th century. The Rubenids ruled first as barons and then, from 1199 to 1226, as kings of ...
Oshinsky, David M.: (from the article "Literature") The Pulitzer Prize for fiction went to Geraldine Brooks for her novel March (2005), and the award in history was given to David M. Oshinsky for Polio: An American Story ...
Oshio Heihachiro: (from the article "Japan") ...shock can be gauged from the fact that they sentenced 562 persons to crucifixion for their part in the uprising. Just a year later in the bakufu-controlled city of Osaka, ...
Oshitelu, Josiah Olunowo: (from the article "Aladura") The Church of the Lord (Aladura) was started by Josiah Olunowo Oshitelu, an Anglican catechist and schoolteacher, whose unusual visions, fastings, and devotions led to his dismissal in 1926. By ...
Oshkosh: city, seat (1848) of Winnebago county, east-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the western shore of Lake Winnebago where the Fox River enters, some 80 miles (130 km) northwest of ...
Oshmyany Upland: (from the article "Belarus") ...on the southwest to north of Minsk, where it widens into the Minsk Upland before turning eastward to link up with the Smolensk-Moscow Upland. Running transverse to the main Belarusian ...
Oshogbo: town and capital, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies along the Oshun River and on the railroad from Lagos, 182 miles (293 km) to the southwest, and at the intersection ... [1 Related Articles]
Oshun River: (from the article "Oshogbo") ...traditional title of ataoja ("he who stretches out his hand and takes the fish"), first given to Laro, one of the town's founders, who, according to legend, fed the fish ...
Osian: (from the article "South Asian arts") A group of temples at Osian, dating to about the 8th century, represents adequately the opening phases of medieval temple architecture in Rajasthan. They stand on high terraces and consist ...
Osiander, Andreas: German theologian who helped introduce the Protestant Reformation to Nurnberg. [2 Related Articles]
Osijek: industrial town and agricultural centre in Croatia, on the Drava River.
Osinniki: city, Kemerovo oblast (province), central Russia. It is situated at the confluence of the Kandalep and Kondoma rivers. The city developed in the 1930s as a mining centre in the ...
Osipova, Natalya: (from the article "Performing Arts") ...troupe also featured director Aleksey Ratmansky's recent The Bright Stream both at home and abroad, where it was the major hit of the London season, along with the arrival of ...
Osirak: (from the article "nuclear weapon") ...Non-proliferation Treaty, Iraq began a secret nuclear weapons program in the 1970s, using the claim of civilian applications as a cover. In 1976 France agreed to sell Iraq a research ...
Osireion: (from the article "Abydos") ...Abydos list of kings. The reliefs decorating the walls of this temple are of particular delicacy and beauty. Only 26 feet (8 m) behind the temple of Seti I is ...
Osiris: one of the most important gods of ancient Egypt. The origin of Osiris is obscure; he was a local god of Busiris, in Lower Egypt, and may have been a ... [19 Related Articles]
Osiris garden: (from the article "Osiris") Osiris festivals symbolically reenacting the god's fate were celebrated annually in various towns throughout Egypt. A central feature of the festivals during the late period was the construction of the ...
Osiris mysteries: (from the article "mystery religion") ...traditional Egyptian religion, the ruling pharaoh was an incarnation of Horus (the sun-god), his mother or wife an incarnation of Isis (the heavenly queen), and his deceased father an incarnation ...
Oskaloosa: city, seat (1844) of Mahaska county, southeastern Iowa, U.S. It lies between the Des Moines and South Skunk rivers, about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Des Moines. The region ...
Osler's node: (from the article "Osler, Sir William, Baronet") In medical terminology, Osler is immortalized in Osler's nodes (red, tender swellings of the hand characteristic of certain cardiac infections), a blood disorder known as Osler-Vaquez disease, and Osler-Rendu-Weber disease ...
Osler, Sir William, Baronet: Canadian physician and professor of medicine who practiced and taught in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain and whose book The Principles and Practice of Medicine (1892) was a ... [2 Related Articles]
Osler-Rendu-Weber disease: hereditary disorder characterized by bleeding from local capillary malformations. In Osler-Rendu-Weber disease, capillaries in the fingertips and around the oral and nasal cavities are enlarged and have unusually thin walls; ... [2 Related Articles]
Oslo: capital and largest city of Norway. It lies at the head of Oslo Fjord in the southeastern part of the country. The original site of Oslo was east of the ... [7 Related Articles]
Oslo Accords: (from the article "Arab-Israeli wars") ...or "shaking off") directed against continued Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In 1993 Israel and the PLO reached an agreement (known as the Oslo Accords) ...
Oslo Fjord: fjord on the Skagerrak (strait) penetrating the southern coast of Norway for 60 miles (100 km) from about Fredrikstad to Oslo. With an area of 766 square miles (1,984 square ... [1 Related Articles]
Oslo Olympics: (from the article "Olympic Games") With the awarding of the sixth Winter Olympics to Oslo, the Games were held for the first time in a Scandinavian country. Some questioned the country's ability to stage the ...
Osman: (from the article "Hamid Dynasty") ...(1361-73). Annexed by the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I in 1392, the principality was restored by Timur (Tamerlane) after his victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of Ankara (1402). In ...
Osman Ali: nizam (ruler) of Hyderabad in the period 1911-48 and its constitutional president until 1956. Once one of the richest men in the world, he ruled over a state the size ...
Osman Bin Mohammed v. Public Prosecutor: (from the article "war, law of") A member of the armed forces of a party to a conflict will lose his status as a prisoner of war upon capture if he commits an act of hostility ...
Osman Digna: a leader of the Mahdist revolt that broke out in the Sudan in 1881.
Osman I: ruler of a Turkmen principality in northwestern Anatolia who is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Turkish state. Both the name of the dynasty and the empire that the ... [3 Related Articles]
Osman II: Ottoman sultan who came to the throne as an active and intelligent boy of 14 and who during his short rule (1618-22) understood the need for reform within the empire. [1 Related Articles]
Osman Nuri Pasa: Ottoman pasa and musir (field marshal) who became a national hero for his determined resistance at Plevna (modern Pleven, Bulg.) during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. [1 Related Articles]
Osman, Aden Abdullah: Somali politician served as independent Somalia's first president and was the first postcolonial African head of state to voluntarily step down after losing an election. Osman was president of the ...
Osmanabad: town, administrative headquarters of Osmanabad district, Maharashtra state, western India, north of Sholapur. Part of the ancient Yadava Hindu kingdom, it fell to Bahmani and Bijapur kingdoms in the 14th ...
Osmanli: (from the article "Ottoman Empire") ...classical forms and patterns that were to persist into modern times. The basic division in Ottoman society was the traditional Middle Eastern distinction between a small ruling class of Ottomans ...
Osmanthus delavayi: (from the article "tea olive") ...2.5 metres in height, has fragrant orange flowers. Holly osmanthus, or false holly (O. heterophyllus), distinguished by its holly-like leaves, bears white flowers, on 5-metre trees. Osmanthus delavayi reaches 2 ...
Osmena, Sergio: Filipino statesman, founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. [1 Related Articles]
osmium: (Os), chemical element, one of the platinum metals of Group VIIIb of the periodic table and the densest naturally occurring element. A gray-white metal, osmium is very hard, brittle, and ... [7 Related Articles]
osmium-187: (from the article "spectroscopy") ...for important geologic research. For instance, the age of rocks is determined by measuring the amounts of isotopes of rhenium and osmium. The isotope rhenium-187 (¹⁸⁷Re) decays to osmium-187 (¹⁸⁷Os) ...
osmoconformity: (from the article "biosphere") ...able to adjust. Two means of contending with this situation are employed, and, depending on how they regulate the salt concentrations of their tissues, organisms are classified as osmoregulators or ...
osmolality: (from the article "nervous system, human") Two major stimuli trigger the release of vasopressin: increases in extracellular fluid osmolality and decreases in blood volume (as in hemorrhage). Osmotic stimuli cause vasopressin to be released by acting ...
osmometer: (from the article "Dutrochet, Henri") ...to gravitation) in plants; and his classical experiments on osmosis included recognition of its role in internal plant transport and diffusion through semipermeable membranes. He constructed an osmometer (a device ...
Osmond, Humphry Fortescue: British psychiatrist (b. July 1, 1917, Surrey, Eng.-d. Feb. 6, 2004, Appleton, Wis.), introduced writer Aldous Huxley to hallucinogenic drugs, commenting, "To fathom Hell or soar angelic, just take a ...
osmophor: (from the article "oil gland") In some plants the fragrance of flowers is due to essential oils secreted in specialized glands called osmophors. See also preen gland.
osmoreceptor: (from the article "motivation") ...hunger are thought to regulate thirst motivation and sexual behaviour. In the case of thirst, the desire to drink appears to be initiated by fluid loss from within specialized brain ...
osmoregulation: in biology, maintenance by an organism of an internal balance between water and dissolved materials regardless of environmental conditions. In many marine organisms osmosis (the passage of solvent through a ... [5 Related Articles]
osmosis: the spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane (one that blocks the passage of dissolved substances-i.e., solutes). The process, important in biology, was first ... [10 Related Articles]
osmotic diuretic: (from the article "drug") Osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol) are substances that have a low molecular weight and are filtered through the glomerulus. They limit the reabsorption of water in the tubule. Osmotic diuretics cannot ...
osmotic pressure: (from the article "biosphere") ...excessive concentrations of ions will impair cellular functioning. Organisms that live in aquatic environments and whose integument is permeable to water, therefore, must be able to contend with osmotic pressure. ...