| | - O Association
- (from the article "nebula") ...pressure causes a violent expansion of the gas into the dense cloud. Rapid star formation may occur in the compressed region, producing an expanding group of young stars. Such groups, ...
- O Bruadair, Daibhidh
- (from the article "Celtic literature") The greatest poets of the song metres were Daibhidh O Bruadair, one of the last poets to enjoy some patronage, and Aodhagan O Rathoille whose aisling (vision) poems made the ...
- O Canada
- national anthem of Canada. It was proclaimed the official national anthem on July 1, 1980. God Save the Queen (q.v.) remains the royal anthem of Canada. [1 Related Articles]
- O Criomhthain, Tomas
- (from the article "Celtic literature") The most valuable contribution made by the gaeltachts has been a series of personal reminiscences describing local life. One of the best is Tomas O Criomhthain's An tOileanach (1929; The ...
- O Dalaigh, Cearbhall
- chief justice of the Irish Supreme Court (1961-74) and fifth president of Ireland (1974-76).
- O horizon
- (from the article "soil") ...horizons are defined. Litter and decomposed organic matter (for example, plant and animal remains) that typically lie exposed on the land surface above the A horizon are given the designation ...
- O Island
- (from the article "Izu Islands") ...(north to south) O, To, Nii, Shikine, Kozu, Miyake, and Mikura. The islands form the northernmost part of the Izu Archipelago, which also includes Hachijo, Aoga, and Tori islands. O ...
- O Jin U
- North Korean defense minister, commander of the army, and influential member of the Communist Party (b. 1918?--d. Feb. 25, 1995).
- O Pang
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...architecture from historical writings and long descriptive poems, fu. This was an era of great palace buildings. The first Ch'in emperor undertook the building of a vast palace, the A-fang ...
- O Rathoille, Aodhagan
- (from the article "Celtic literature") The greatest poets of the song metres were Daibhidh O Bruadair, one of the last poets to enjoy some patronage, and Aodhagan O Rathoille whose aisling (vision) poems made the ...
- O'Bannion, Dion
- bootlegger of the early 1920s, boss of the most feared Chicago gang next to that of his arch rivals, Johnny Torrio and Al Capone. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Brian, Patrick
- British novelist and biographer (b. Dec. 12, 1914, near London, Eng.-d. Jan. 2, 2000, Dublin, Ire.), wrote a highly acclaimed series of historical novels on the Napoleonic-era British Royal Navy ...
- O'Brien style
- (from the article "O'Brien, Parry") O'Brien developed the new style by himself, and it was ultimately adopted by all shot-putters. It called for the putter to start with his back to the shot's eventual line ...
- O'Brien, Aidan
- (from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...Washington, the highest-rated three-year-old of 2006, proved infertile and was returned to training. Holy Roman Emperor, the principal rival to Teofilo, was hurriedly retired to stud in his place. Aidan ...
- O'Brien, Edmond
- (from the article "1954: Best Supporting Actor") Other Nominees
- O'Brien, Edna
- Irish novelist, short-story writer, and screenwriter whose work has been noted for its portrayal of women, evocative description, and sexual candour. Like the works of her predecessors James Joyce and ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Brien, Fitz-James
- Irish-born American journalist, playwright, and author whose psychologically penetrating tales of pseudoscience and the uncanny made him one of the forerunners of modern science fiction.
- O'Brien, Flann
- Irish novelist, dramatist, and, as Myles na gCopaleen, a columnist for the Irish Times newspaper for 26 years. [2 Related Articles]
- O'Brien, Gregory
- (from the article "New Zealand literature") Gregory O'Brien was among the more notable poets who marked out a space for themselves in the 1990s. O'Brien, who was also a painter, sometimes illustrated his semi-surreal poems with ...
- O'Brien, James Bronterre
- Irish-born British radical, a leader of the Chartist working-class movement, sometimes known as the "Chartist schoolmaster."
- O'Brien, Lawrence
- U.S. Democratic Party political organizer, government official, and sports executive.
- O'Brien, Parry
- American shot-putter who developed a style that revolutionized the event. He held the world record from 1953 to 1959, increasing the distance from 18 m (59 feet 34 inches) to ... [3 Related Articles]
- O'Brien, Thomas
- (from the article "Religion") ...of Toledo, Ohio, who oversaw churches in eight states, was sentenced in April to 28 days in jail and fined $200 after he pleaded guilty for having grabbed a woman's ...
- O'Brien, Tim
- American novelist noted for his writings about American soldiers in the Vietnam War. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Brien, William
- Irish journalist and politician who was for several years second only to Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91) among Irish Nationalist leaders. He was perhaps most important for his "plan of campaign" ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Brien, William Smith
- Irish patriot who was a leader of the literary-political Young Ireland movement along with Thomas Osborne Davis, Charles Gavan Duffy, and John Dillon.
- O'Bryan, William
- British Methodist churchman who founded the Bible Christian Church (1815), a dissident group of Wesleyan Methodists desiring effective biblical education, a presbyterian form of church government, and the participation of ...
- O'Byrne, Brian F.
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...restraint. The sensitive production, directed by Doug Hughes and mounted by the Manhattan Theatre Club (MTC), was illuminated by the flawless performances of Cherry Jones as the buttoned-up nun and ...
- O'Carolan, Turlough
- one of the last Irish harpist-composers and the only one whose songs survive in both words and music in significant number (about 220 are extant).
- O'Casey, Sean
- Irish playwright renowned for realistic dramas of the Dublin slums in war and revolution, in which tragedy and comedy are juxtaposed in a way new to the theatre of his ... [5 Related Articles]
- O'Clery, Michael
- Irish chronicler who directed the compilation of the Annala Rioghachta Eireann (Annals of the Four Masters, 1636), a chronicle of Irish history from antiquity to 1616, a work of incalculable ...
- O'Connell Street
- (from the article "Dublin") O'Connell Street-first called Drogheda and then Sackville Street-is a stretch of shops, cinemas, and snack bars. The only building of any distinction to survive the warfare that swept the street ...
- O'Connell, Daniel
- first of the great 19th-century Irish leaders in the British House of Commons. [6 Related Articles]
- O'Connell, David
- Irish political activist, a cofounder of the Provisional ("Provo") wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA).
- O'Connell, Helen
- U.S. singer (b. May 23, 1920, Lima, Ohio--d. Sept. 9, 1993, San Diego, Calif.), was still a teenager when she joined (1939) Jimmy Dorsey's big band, and she became an ...
- O'Connor, Carroll
- American character actor (b. Aug. 2, 1924, New York, N.Y.-d. June 21, 2001, Culver City, Calif.), was classically trained and appeared in scores of movies and television programs, but to ...
- O'Connor, Donald
- multitalented American entertainer, best known for his comedic and dancing skills. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Connor, Feargus Edward
- prominent Chartist leader who succeeded in making Chartism the first specifically working class national movement in Great Britain. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Connor, Flannery
- American novelist and short-story writer whose works, usually set in the rural South and often treating of human alienation, are concerned with the relationship between the individual and God. [2 Related Articles]
- O'Connor, Frank
- Irish playwright, novelist, and short-story writer who, as a critic and as a translator of Gaelic works from the 9th to the 20th century, served as an interpreter of Irish ... [2 Related Articles]
- O'Connor, Gordon
- (from the article "Canada") Defense Minister Gordon O'Connor found himself embroiled in a scandal in April when the national media reported claims of torture from prisoners who were detained by Canadian forces and were ...
- O'Connor, John Joseph Cardinal
- American Roman Catholic prelate, who served as the archbishop of New York (1984-2000) and was regarded as the Vatican's leading spokesman in the United States. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Connor, Richard Nugent
- (from the article "World War II") Wavell, whose command included not only Egypt but also the East African fronts against the Italians, decided to strike first in North Africa. On Dec. 7, 1940, some 30,000 men, ...
- O'Connor, Sandra Day
- associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. She was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. A moderate conservative, she was ... [2 Related Articles]
- O'Connor, William
- (from the article "Whitman, Walt") ...secretary of the Interior thought that Leaves of Grass was indecent. Whitman then obtained a post in the attorney general's office, largely through the efforts of his friend, the journalist ...
- O'Curry, Eugene
- Irish scholar and industrious copyist and translator of Old Irish manuscripts whose works had an important influence on the revival of the Gaelic language and literature and contributed to the ...
- O'Daly, Demetrio
- (from the article "Puerto Rico") ...Power y Giralt, who was selected to represent the island during the first period, succeeded in having the Cortes revoke the absolute powers of the island's colonial governor. In the ...
- O'Day, Anita
- American vocalist (b. Oct. 18, 1919, Chicago, Ill.-d. Nov. 23, 2006, West Los Angeles, Calif.), was among the most admired of all jazz singers for her lilting, rhythmically provocative manner. ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Dea, Pat
- Australian-born hero of both Australian rules football and early gridiron football in the United States who caused one of the greatest sporting mysteries of all time when he disappeared from ...
- O'Donnell, Calvagh
- Irish lord of Tyrconnell, foe and captive of the celebrated Shane O'Neill.
- O'Donnell, Hugh
- lord of Tyrconnell, Irish chieftain of the O'Donnells.
- O'Donnell, Hugh Roe
- last of the old Gaelic kings of Ireland.
- O'Donnell, Joe
- American photographer documented the effects of the nuclear bombing in 1945 of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in images that conveyed the widespread devastation. O'Donnell's official photographs were ...
- O'Donnell, Leopoldo, Duque De Tetuan
- Spanish soldier-politician who played a prominent role in the successful Spanish military insurrections of 1843 and 1854 and headed the Spanish government three times between 1856 and 1866. Though he ... [4 Related Articles]
- O'Donnell, Manus
- the first great Irish lord of Tyrconnell, whose career was marked by wars with the O'Neills and by family quarrels with his father and his son.
- O'Donnell, May
- American dancer and choreographer (b. 1906, Sacramento, Calif.-d. Feb. 1, 2004, New York, N.Y.), performed with the Martha Graham and Jose Limon dance companies, creating a number of notable roles, ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Donnell, Rosie
- Rosie O'Donnell rattled daytime television in 1997, threatening to dethrone the top-rated, feel-good talk show, "The Oprah Winfrey Show," with her own celebrity-studded talk-variety program. In the midst of sexually ... [2 Related Articles]
- O'Donnell, Sir Niall Garve
- Irish chieftain, alternately an ally of and rebel against the English.
- O'Donoju, Juan
- (from the article "Mexico") United as the Army of the Three Guarantees (independence, union, preservation of Roman Catholicism), the combined troops of Iturbide and Guerrero gained control of most of Mexico by the time ...
- O'Donovan, Edwin
- (from the article "1978: Other Winners") ...Nancy Dowd, Waldo Salt, Robert C. Jones for Coming HomeAdapted Screenplay: Oliver Stone for Midnight ExpressCinematography: Nestor Almendros for Days of HeavenArt Direction: Edwin O'Donovan and Paul Sylbert for Heaven ...
- O'Dowd, Bernard Patrick
- poet who gave Australian poetry a more philosophical tone, supplanting the old bush ballads that had dominated for many years.
- O'Duffy, Eoin
- Irish nationalist military leader and popular conservative head of the United Ireland Party who played a significant role in the development of the Irish armed forces and police. His support ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Dwyer, Paul
- Irish-born American lawyer, liberal Democratic politician, and champion of the underdog who devoted his career to such causes as civil rights, the creation of Israel, an end to the Vietnam ...
- O'Faolain, Julia
- Irish writer whose meticulously researched, often darkly comic novels, short stories, and nonfiction are international in scope. Her work deals with the historical and contemporary status of women and with ...
- O'Faolain, Nuala
- Irish writer and journalist wrote a popular opinion column for the Irish Times newspaper and several books in which she addressed the themes of love, loss, rejection, and social problems. ...
- O'Faolain, Sean
- Irish writer best known for his short stories about Ireland's lower and middle classes. He often examined the decline of the nationalist struggle or the failings of Irish Roman Catholicism. ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Flaherty, Liam
- Irish novelist and short-story writer whose works combine brutal naturalism, psychological analysis, poetry, and biting satire with an abiding respect for the courage and persistence of the Irish people. He ...
- O'Gorman, Juan
- Mexican architect and muralist, known for his mosaic designs that adorned the facades of buildings. [2 Related Articles]
- O'Grady, Standish James
- historical novelist and literary historian whose popular English versions of the Irish heroic sagas earned him the title of "father of the Irish literary revival."
- O'Hagan, Martin
- Northern Irish journalist (b. June 23, 1950, Lurgan, County Armagh [now in Craigavon district], N.Ire.-d. Sept. 28, 2001, Lurgan), was a former member of the Official Irish Republican Army (IRA) ...
- O'Hara, Frank
- American poet who gathered images from an urban environment to represent personal experience. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Hara, John
- American novelist and short-story writer whose fiction stands as a social history of upwardly mobile Americans from the 1920s through the 1940s.
- O'Hare International Airport
- (from the article "Chicago") ...O'Hare, a wartime naval air hero, while Municipal was renamed Midway for the critical 1942 Allied battle victory in the Pacific. Long the undisputed busiest airport in the country, O'Hare ...
- O'Herlihy, Dan
- Irish actor (b. May 1, 1919, Wexford, Ire.-d. Feb. 17, 2005, Malibu, Calif.), earned an Academy Award nomination for his starring performance in Luis Bunuel's film The Adventures of Robinson ...
- O'Higgins
- region, central Chile, bordered by Argentina to the east and facing the Pacific Ocean on the west. Since 1974 it has comprised the provinces of Cachapoal, Cardenal Caro, and Colchagua. ...
- O'Higgins, Ambrosio
- (from the article "O'Higgins, Bernardo") Bernardo O'Higgins was born in Chillan, a town in southern Chile, then a colony of Spain. As noted in his Certificate of Baptism, he was the illegitimate son of Ambrosio ...
- O'Higgins, Bernardo
- South American revolutionary leader and first Chilean head of state ("supreme director," 1817-23), who commanded the military forces that won independence from Spain. [4 Related Articles]
- O'Higgins, Kevin Christopher
- Irish statesman who attempted severe repression of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the years of the Irish "Troubles" following the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921. A man of intellectual power, ... [1 Related Articles]
- O'Keeffe, Georgia
- one of the foremost painters in 20th-century American art. [2 Related Articles]
- O'Kelly, Sean T.
- one of the early leaders of the Irish nationalist Sinn Fein ("We Ourselves") Party. He served two terms as president of Ireland, from June 1945 to June 1959.
- O'Leary, Christopher
- (from the article "Offshoring") By 2004 offshoring-the practice of companies outsourcing operations overseas, usually to less-developed countries (LDCs) with the intention of reducing costs-had already become one of the major economic controversies of the ...
- O'Mahony, John
- founder of the American branch of the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist secret society active in Britain and the United States during the mid-19th century (see Fenian).
- O'Malley, Desmond Joseph
- (from the article "Progressive Democrats") The Progressive Democrat party was launched on December 21, 1985, principally by Desmond O'Malley, who sought to "break the moulds of Irish political life." O'Malley had held ministries in all ...
- O'Malley, Walter
- American lawyer who was the principal owner of the National League Brooklyn Dodgers professional baseball team (from 1958 the Los Angeles Dodgers). As owner of the Dodgers, he played a ... [2 Related Articles]
- O'Meara, Stephen James
- (from the article "police") ...by experts responsible to a public authority that would be immune to political interference. During this initial period of reform, the Boston Police Department, under the leadership of Stephen James ...
- O'Neal, Ralph Telford
- (from the article "Dependent States") ...general election, the National Democratic Party lost control of the government to the Virgin Islands Party (VIP), which obtained 10 of the 13 seats at stake in the 15-seat Parliament. ...
- O'Neal, Shaquille
- American basketball player, named in 1996 to the National Basketball Association (NBA) list of its 50 greatest players of all time. [3 Related Articles]
- O'Neal, Tatum
- (from the article "1973: Best Supporting Actress") Other Nominees
- O'Neil, Buck
- American baseball player (b. Nov. 13, 1911, Carrabelle, Fla.-d. Oct. 6, 2006, Kansas City, Mo.), starred as a player and manager in the Negro Leagues. He debuted as a first ...
- O'Neill family
- (from the article "Ireland") The first of these rebellions, that of Shane O'Neill, fully exposed the weakness and later the folly of the government. O'Neill's father, Conn the Lame (Conn Bacach), who as the ...
- O'Neill Rebellion
- (from the article "Ireland") The first of these rebellions, that of Shane O'Neill, fully exposed the weakness and later the folly of the government. O'Neill's father, Conn the Lame (Conn Bacach), who as the ...
- O'Neill, Arturo
- (from the article "McGillivray, Alexander") ...and encroaching settlers, McGillivray put out feelers for Spanish support and suggested a council at Pensacola, West Florida. There, on June 1, 1784, he and governors Esteban Miro and Arturo ...
- O'Neill, Brian
- (from the article "O'Neill, Shane") ...England was disposed to come to terms with Shane, who after his father's death was de facto chief of the O'Neill clan. She recognized his claims to the chieftainship, thus ...
- O'Neill, Daniel
- Irish supporter of Charles I and Charles II during the English Civil Wars.
- O'Neill, Eugene
- foremost American dramatist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936. His masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night (produced posthumously 1956), is at the apex of a long ... [10 Related Articles]
- O'Neill, Gerard K.
- American physicist who invented the colliding-beam storage ring and was a leading advocate of space colonization.
- O'Neill, Hugh
- Irish general, nephew of the celebrated Owen Roe O'Neill. He was a major Irish commander against the forces of Oliver Cromwell.
- O'Neill, James
- Irish-born American actor, now chiefly remembered for his most famous role, the Count of Monte Cristo, and as the father of playwright Eugene O'Neill. [1 Related Articles]
- O'Neill, John
- Irish-born military leader of the American branch of the Fenians, an Irish nationalist secret society.
- O'Neill, Norm
- Australian cricketer was heralded as the new Don Bradman for his brilliant stroke making, but he failed to fully live up to the high expectations that he raised. He was ...
- O'Neill, Owen Roe
- Irish rebel commander during a major Roman Catholic revolt (1641-52) against English rule in Ireland. His victory at Benburb, Ulster, on June 5, 1646, was one of the few significant ...
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