(from the article "explosive") Nitrostarch, which is closely related to nitrocellulose, attracted early attention, but it was not until about 1905 that it proved possible to produce it in a stable form. In general ...
(HNO2), an unstable, weakly acidic compound that has been prepared only in the form of cold, dilute solutions. It is useful in chemistry in converting amines into diazonium compounds, which ... [4 Related Articles]
one of several oxides of nitrogen, a colourless gas with pleasant, sweetish odour and taste, which when inhaled produces insensibility to pain preceded by mild hysteria, sometimes laughter. Nitrous oxide ... [10 Related Articles]
American professional football player who was a powerful middle linebacker for the Green Bay Packers from 1958 to 1972, during which time the team won five National Football League championships ...
(from the article "Moravian church") In 1735 David Nitschmann was consecrated the first bishop of the Renewed Moravian Church. With Nitschmann the Moravians restored their own ministry and soon thereafter the three orders of bishop, ...
Japanese warrior whose support of the imperial restoration of the emperor Go-Daigo was crucial in destroying the Kamakura shogunate, the military dictatorship that governed Japan from 1192 until 1333. The ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Ngada") ...location, clans traditionally acted also as political units until the Dutch instituted the office of radja. Originally the Ngada recognized a high god (Deva) and his female component (Nitu), but ...
(from the article "Caitanya sect") Caitanya was neither a theologian nor a writer, and organization of his followers was initially left up to his close companions, Nityananda and Advaita. These three are called the three ...
(from the article "urology") ...urology. Most modern urologic procedures developed during the 19th century. At that time flexible catheters were developed for examining and draining the bladder, and in 1877 the German urologist Max ...
American military strategist (b. Jan. 16, 1907, Amherst, Mass.-d. Oct. 19, 2004, Washington, D.C.), played a vital role in shaping U.S. nuclear-arms strategy during the Cold War era. In 1950 ...
American musician, songwriter, and arranger (b. April 22, 1937, Chicago, Ill.-d. Aug. 25, 2000, Hollywood, Calif.), not only worked with record producer Phil Spector (for whom he developed the "wall ...
(from the article "1982: Other Winners") ...and Its Adaptation or Adaptation Score: Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini for Victor/VictoriaOriginal Song: "Up Where We Belong" from An Officer and a Gentleman; music by Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie, ...
(from the article "algae") ...fossil diatomite deposits; Cyclotella and Thalassiosira (centrics) and Navicula and Nitzschia (pennates).May be included in the Chrysophyceae ...
(from the article "Chih Nu") ...the heavenly weaving maiden who used clouds to spin seamless robes of brocade for her father, the Jade Emperor (Yu Ti). Granted permission to visit the earth, Chih Nu fell ...
(from the article "Yunnan") ...and eastern parts of the plateau drains into the Nan-p'an River, which is a headstream of the Hsi River of Kwangsi and Kwangtung. In the north and northeast of the ...
northernmost island of Tonga, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Niuatoputapu, or Niuas, group of islands. The generally wooded land area of 19 square miles (49 ...
one of the northernmost islands of Tonga, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Of volcanic origin, the island has an area of 6 square miles (16 square km) and rises to ...
internally self-governing island state in free association with New Zealand. It is the westernmost of the Cook Islands but is administratively separate from them. Niue lies some 1,340 miles (2,160 ... [11 Related Articles]
(from the article "zhong") ...suspended slantwise on a wooden frame, are called yongzhong; those having a ring that allows for vertical suspension are called niuzhong. The earliest known ...
commander in chief of the French armies on the Western Front for five months in World War I. His career was wrecked by the failure of his offensive in the ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Low Countries, history of") ...merchants from Liege, Huy, Namur, and Dinant are named in 11th-century toll tariffs from London and Koblenz. This trade was supplied mainly by the textile industry of Maastricht, Huy, and ...
regional novelist who wrote more than 30 novels, many of them historical romances, set in Scotland and Canada. Three of his best-known novels-The Flying Years (1935), Mine Inheritance (1940), and ...
in France, the area administered from Nevers during the ancien regime, and until the French Revolution the last great fief still not reunited to the French crown. Bounded southwest by ...
east Siberian people who live in the region of the Amur River estuary and on nearby Sakhalin Island. They numbered about 4,600 in the late 20th century. Most speak Russian, ... [2 Related Articles]
isolated language with two main dialects spoken by some 400 Nivkh, roughly 10 percent of the ethnic group. The Nivkh live on Sakhalin Island and along the estuary of the ... [1 Related Articles]
Japanese novelist (b. Nov. 22, 1904, Yokkaichi, Japan-d. April 20, 2005, Tokyo, Japan), was one of Japan's most prolific authors and a leading Showa literary figure known for his popular ...
in Germanic mythology, a water being, half human, half fish, that lives in a beautiful underwater palace and mingles with humans by assuming a variety of physical forms (e.g., that ...
(from the article "international relations") The American retreat from an overextended financial position and insistence that its allies share the burden of stabilizing the U.S. balance of payments was the economic analog to the Nixon ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") ...Theatre showed two new versions of Tchaikovsky ballets-A Sleeping Beauty Tale, giving a new twist to the old story, and Nutcracker; both were choreographed by company director David Nixon. The ...
American first lady (1969-74), the wife of Richard Nixon, 37th president of the United States, who espoused the cause of volunteerism during her husband's term. [2 Related Articles]
37th president of the United States (1969-74), who, faced with almost certain impeachment for his role in the Watergate Scandal, became the first American president to resign from office. He ... [57 Related Articles]
(from the article "crime") ...an inquisitorial system, generally mirrors that of France. Judges have a high degree of power to question, to intervene, and to determine the method of proceeding. Egypt also has established ...
(from the article "yama") The second stage, niyama (Sanskrit: "discipline"), in its ethical intent similar to yama, comprises five categories of observance: cleanliness, contentment with one's material condition, asceticism, study of the metaphysics relating ...
(from the article "Ajivika") ...that an individual can better his or her lot in the course of transmigration, the Ajivikas supposedly held that the affairs of the entire universe were ordered by a cosmic ...
(from the article "Islamic arts") ...Levni. Good Turkish poetry is characterized by an easy grace, to be found even in such mystically tinged poems (thousands of which were written throughout the centuries) as those of ...
(from the article "Young Turks") On July 3, 1908, Maj. Ahmed Niyazi of the 3rd Corps led a revolt against the provincial authorities in Resna. Other conspirators soon followed his example, and the rebellion rapidly ...
(from the article "Uzbekistan") ...Abdullah Qadiri became known for a first Uzbek historical novel, Otgan kunlar (1922-26; Days Gone By), and Cholpan introduced a new lyricism in his short poems. Hamza Hakim-Zada Niyaziy was ...
Turkmen politician (b. Feb. 19, 1940, Kipchak, near Ashkhabad, Turkmen S.S.R., U.S.S.R. [now Ashgabat, Turkmenistan]-d. Dec. 21, 2006, Ashgabat), was the despotic and idiosyncratic ruler of Turkmenistan for more than ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Burundi") ...warring factions. Football (soccer) is popular, and Burundi has competed in several African Cup of Nations championships. Burundians have also excelled in athletics (track and field), none more than Venuste ...
(from the article "Islamic world") ...Shari'ah coincided with the growing popularity of Sufism, especially as represented by the massive Chishti tariqah. Its most famous leader, Nizam ad-Din Awliya', had been a spiritual ...
Persian vizier of the Turkish Seljuq sultans (1063-92), best remembered for his large treatise on kingship, Seyasat-nameh (The Book of Government; or Rules for Kings). [10 Related Articles]
(from the article "India") Wellesley first applied this system in 1798 to Hyderabad, when the aging Nizam 'Ali Khan was in dire fear of the Marathas. In 1800 the subsidy was compounded for the ...
(from the article "Hyderabad") In 1918 Nizam Mir Usman 'Ali was given the title "His Exalted Highness," though the British government of India retained the right to intervene in his domain in case of ...
succession of rulers of the kingdom of Ahmadnagar in the Deccan of India from 1490 to 1633. The founder was Malik Ahmad, who in 1490 fixed his capital on a ... [2 Related Articles]
(Turkish: "new order"), originally a program of westernizing reforms undertaken by the Ottoman sultan Selim III (reigned 1789-1807). Later the term came to denote exclusively the new, regular troops established ... [3 Related Articles]
(Arabic: "Governor of the Kingdom"), title borne by various Indian Muslim princes. The term has also been translated as "Deputy for the Whole Empire." In 1713 it was conferred on ...
(from the article "Nizam-ul-Mulk") ..."Governor of the Kingdom"), title borne by various Indian Muslim princes. The term has also been translated as "Deputy for the Whole Empire." In 1713 it was conferred on Chin ...
city, northwestern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. The city is located on the Hyderabad-Godavari Valley line of the Central Railway, north-northwest of Hyderabad. Historical points of interest include a temple ...
(from the article "Murshidabad") Of historic interest are Nizamat Kila (the palace of the nawabs), built in the Italianate style in 1837; Pearl Lake (Moti Jhil) just to the south, with Muradbagh Palace; and ...
(from the article "Chishtiyah") ...century, these monasteries were provincial institutions where various branches of the order took root, notably the Sabiriyah branch in the 15th century at Rudawli and the Nizamiyah, revived in the ...
(from the article "Iraq") ...madrasahs), associated with the powerful Seljuq minister Nizam al-Mulk (d. 1092), an Iranian from Khorasan. The institutions were called Nizamiyyahs in his honour. The best-known of them, the Baghdad Nizamiyyah, ...
(from the article "French literature") The books of Paul Nizan, Jean-Paul Sartre's tutor and mentor, who had joined the Communist Party, explore in the forms of Socialist Realism the tensions and temptations of changing class ...
(from the article "Isma'ilite") ...(d. 1094). The Egyptian Isma'ilites recognized his son al-Musta'li, but the Isma'ilites of Iran and Syria upheld the claims of his older son, Nizar; hence, there are two branches of ...
(from the article "Islam") ...and the Isma'ili Fatimid dynasty succeeded in establishing a prosperous empire in Egypt. Isma'ilis are subdivided into two groups-the Nizaris, headed by the Aga Khan, and the Musta'lis in Bombay, ...
British-born U.S. lawyer (b. Feb. 6, 1902, London, England--d. Nov. 10, 1994, New York, N.Y.), was a legal wizard who was an expert on contract, libel, copyright, divorce, plagiarism, and ...
oblast (province) in western Russia, in the middle of the Volga River basin. Nizhegorod oblast is bisected by the Volga River. The northern half of the oblast is a low ...
city, Tatarstan, western Russia. It lies along the left bank of the Kama River, just southwest of Naberezhnye Chelny. It is an important petrochemical centre. Its synthetic-rubber plant, intended to ...
city and port, Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug (district), Tyumen oblast (province), west-central Russia. It lies along the right bank of the Ob River. The city grew rapidly, especially in the 1970s, ...
city and administrative centre of Nizhegorod oblast (region), western Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers, 260 miles (420 km) east of Moscow. [1 Related Articles]
city, Sverdlovsk oblast (province), western Russia. Nizhny Tagil lies along the Tagil River. One of the oldest smelting centres of the Ural Mountains region, it was founded ...
river in western Siberia that is a right-bank tributary of the Yenisey River, flowing through Irkutsk oblast (province) and Krasnoyarsk kray (region) of Russia. Its length is 1,857 miles (2,989 ... [1 Related Articles]
city, north-central Ukraine. Nizhyn dates from the 11th century and was incorporated in 1781. It served as a regimental centre in the Cossack-controlled state known as the Hetmanate. It contains ...
(June 24, 1839), battle between forces of the Ottoman Empire and those of Muhammad 'Ali, viceroy of Egypt, at Nizip (now in southeastern Turkey), in which the Ottomans were defeated. ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "humanism") ...abstruse, he espoused the dialectic of words (i.e., philology and rhetoric) as the proper human study. This project would bear fruit in the intensive linguistic-philosophical researches of Mario Nizolio (1498-1575). ...
one of the longest and generally considered the finest of the 13th-century Icelanders' sagas. It presents the most comprehensive picture of Icelandic life in the heroic age and has a ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Africa") ...the far northeast, where it is generally known as the Transvaal Drakensberg (Afrikaans: "Dragon Mountains"). It is there, in KwaZulu-Natal province, that the country's highest point, Njesuthi (11,181 feet [3,408 ...
(from the article "Matamba") ...century, it was loosely under the orbit of the Kongo kingdom until about 1550. The Matamba kingdom was noteworthy in that it was frequently ruled by females. In 1630-32 it ...
(from the article "Kenya") ...Kenyatta himself encouraged no one to claim the inheritance, but leading Kikuyu who had benefited greatly under his leadership plotted to secure a complaisant successor. The attorney general, Charles Njonjo, ...
in Norse mythology, the god of the wind and of the sea and its riches. His aid was invoked in seafaring and in hunting, and he was considered the god ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "Bamum") The 16th mfon, Njoya (reigned c. 1895-1923), became the most celebrated of all the Bamum kings. Familiar with writing in Arabic script from his contact with the Fulani and Hausa ...
South African Zulu singer who was an accomplished proponent of the deep-voiced "groaning" style of black South African singing and the lead vocalist for the Zulu music group Mahlathini and ...
(from the article "Fipa") ...established a segmentary state between 300 and 500 years ago, with a paramount chief at Milansi whose authority decreased in proportion to the distance from this centre. Around 1700 two ...
town (commune), southwestern Congo. It lies west of the capital, Brazzaville, and northeast of the port of Pointe-Noire, on the Brazzaville-Pointe-Noire railway; its airport has scheduled flights to both cities. ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "graphic design") ...and instead approached the layout of an ad or brochure as a spatial field upon which he created dynamic movements and arresting forms. An example of this can be seen ...
(from the article "KGB") In 1941 responsibility for state security was transferred from the NKVD to the NKGB (People's Commissariat for State Security). Both agencies became ministries-the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and the ...
town, central Malawi. It lies on the shores of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi). It originated as a group of villages in the 19th century, served as a depot for Arab ...
a people of the Interlacustrine Bantu-speaking group who occupy the area of southwestern Uganda between Lakes Edward and George and the Tanzania border. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mozambique") ...opposed to Frelimo. Renamo began economic sabotage and a campaign of terror against the rural population shortly after independence. In 1984 the governments of Mozambique and South Africa signed the ...
(from the article "Zimbabwe") Early in June, John Nkomo, the minister responsible for overseeing the government's land-reform program, announced that all productive farmland would be nationalized, with title deeds replaced by 99-year leases. President ...
black nationalist in Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia), who, as leader of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), was Prime Minister Robert Mugabe's longtime rival. [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "art, African") The nkongi, a group of fetishes characteristic of the coast and the Mayombe forest, consist mainly of human figures, but there are some that combine the forms of a dog ...
town, western Cameroon. Nkongsamba lies at the foot of Mount Manengouba (7,861 feet [2,396 m]). It is the terminus of the railway from Douala and has road connections to Bamenda ...
(from the article "African music") ...one end to a sounding box. West African plucked lutes such as the konting, khalam, and the nkoni (which was noted ...
(from the article "African dance") ...name to the dance steps: in the Ikpo Okme, the performers hop from one foot to the other; for Ebenebe, a stamping pattern leads into a cartwheel; Iza requires an ...
Ghanaian nationalist leader who led the Gold Coast's drive for independence from Britain and presided over its emergence as the new nation of Ghana. He headed the country from independence ... [11 Related Articles]
Rwandan Hutu politician who was a longtime campaigner for human rights, founded the Association for the Defense of Human Rights, and was minister of justice in the Tutsi-dominated government from ...
(from the article "Congo, Democratic Republic of the") Potentially more serious was the seizure on June 2 of the town of Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province, by two dissident army officers, Brig. Gen. Laurent Nkunda and ...
Pierre Nkurunziza, the former leader of the Hutu rebel group Forces for the Defense of Democracy (FDD), was elected president of Burundi on Aug. 19, 2005. Formally sworn into office ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "computer") ...described many of the uses computers would have, such as word processing. In 1968, as a researcher at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Engelbart gave a remarkable demonstration of the ...
river in northern Myanmar (Burma). It rises in the Languela glacier and flows generally south, joining the Mali River to form the Irrawaddy River. The Nmai, which is virtually unnavigable ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "cricket") ...to make good a run); (2) leg byes (when in similar circumstances the ball has touched any part of the batsman's body except his hand); (3) wides (when a ball ...
U.S. federal law aimed at improving public primary and secondary schools, and thus student performance, via increased accountability for schools, school districts, and states. The act was passed by Congress ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Stefani, Gwen") American singer and songwriter, who came to fame in the 1990s as the lead singer for the rock-ska band No Doubt before starting a solo career.
(from the article "arts, East Asian") The borrowings of no from other arts are many. The exquisite masks for which no theatre is famous have a quality of serenity, a neutrality of expression that places them ...
