| | - neutral-beam current drive
- (from the article "fusion reactor") Another established current-drive technique is neutral-beam current drive. A beam of high-energy neutral atoms is injected into the plasma along the toroidal direction. The neutral beam will freely enter the ...
- neutral-beam injection heating
- (from the article "fusion reactor") A plasma needs to be heated to about 100,000,000 K for fusion reactions to take place. Two plasma-heating methods have been highly developed: electromagnetic wave heating and neutral-beam injection heating. ...
- neutral-carrier ion-selective electrode
- (from the article "analysis") ...as the membrane. One of the ions in the solid generally is identical to the analyte ion; e.g., membranes that are composed of silver sulfide respond to silver ions and ...
- neutralism
- in international relations, the peacetime policy of avoiding political or ideological affiliations with major power blocs. The policy was pursued by such countries as India, Yugoslavia, and many of the ... [7 Related Articles]
- neutrality
- the legal status arising from the abstention of a state from all participation in a war between other states, the maintenance of an attitude of impartiality toward the belligerents, and ... [10 Related Articles]
- Neutrality Acts
- (from the article "Roosevelt, Franklin D.") ...isolationists who believed that American entry into World War I had been mistaken and who were determined to prevent the United States from being drawn into another European war. Beginning ...
- Neutrality Arch
- (from the article "Turkmenistan") ...proved to be propagating an elaborate personality cult. In addition to declaring himself president for life, Niyazov pursued a number of extravagant projects to this end. Atop a monument called ...
- neutrality theory
- (from the article "evolution") ...a considerable improvement over the typically qualitative evaluations obtained by comparative anatomy and other evolutionary subdisciplines. In 1968 the Japanese geneticist Motoo Kimura proposed the neutrality theory of molecular evolution, ...
- Neutrality Treaty
- (from the article "Panama") ...reversion of lands and waters used in the management of the canal. Similarly, Panama was to assume jurisdiction over the zone by degrees and take over most tasks related to ...
- neutralization
- (from the article "acid-base reaction") ...of any apparent physical basis for the phenomena concerned made it difficult to make quantitative progress in understanding acid-base behaviour, but the ability of a fixed quantity of acid to ...
- neutralization number
- (from the article "lubrication") The neutralization number is a measure of the acid or alkaline content of new oils and an indicator of the degree of oxidation degradation of used oils. This value is ...
- neutralization test
- (from the article "serological test") ...which the complement-fixation tests are the most common. They are based on the precipitation, or flocculation, that takes place when antibody and specially prepared antigens are mixed together. (2) Neutralization ...
- neutralization theory
- (from the article "criminology") Another set of sociological theories also denies the existence of subcultural value systems. Neutralization theory, advanced by the American criminologists David Cressey, Gresham Sykes, and David Matza, portrays the delinquent ...
- neutrino
- elementary subatomic particle with no electric charge, very little mass, and 12 unit of spin. Neutrinos belong to the family of particles called leptons, which are not subject to the ... [27 Related Articles]
- neutrodyne circuit
- (from the article "Hazeltine, Alan") American electrical engineer and physicist who invented the neutrodyne circuit, which made radio commercially possible.
- neutron
- neutral subatomic particle that is a constituent of every atomic nucleus except ordinary hydrogen. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67495 × 10−27 kg-marginally greater ... [32 Related Articles]
- neutron beam
- (from the article "crystal") Beams of neutrons may also be used to measure crystal structure. The beam of neutrons is obtained by drilling a hole in the side of a nuclear reactor. The energetic ...
- neutron bomb
- specialized type of small thermonuclear weapon that produces minimal blast and heat but which releases large amounts of lethal radiation. The neutron bomb delivers blast and heat effects that are ... [4 Related Articles]
- neutron capture
- type of nuclear reaction in which a target nucleus absorbs a neutron (uncharged particle), then emits a discrete quantity of electromagnetic energy (gamma-ray photon). The target nucleus and the product ... [4 Related Articles]
- neutron detector
- (from the article "radiation measurement") The general principle of detecting neutrons involves a two-step process. First, the neutron must interact in the detector to form charged particles. Second, the detector must then produce an output ...
- neutron diffraction
- (from the article "liquid") There are two methods of measuring the radial distribution function g: first, by X-ray or neutron diffraction from simple fluids and, second, by computer simulation of the molecular structure and ...
- neutron flux
- (from the article "radiation measurement") ...or gamma rays or both, which can then be counted using one of the active detection methods described below. Because it can be related to the level of the induced ...
- neutron optics
- branch of physics dealing with the theory and applications of the wave behaviour of neutrons, the electrically neutral subatomic particles that are present in all atomic nuclei except those of ...
- neutron star
- any of a class of extremely dense, compact stars thought to be composed primarily of neutrons. Neutron stars are typically about 20 km (12 miles) in diameter but have a ... [7 Related Articles]
- neutron-activation analysis
- (from the article "radiation measurement") For radiation energies of several MeV and lower, charged particles and fast electrons do not induce nuclear reactions in absorber materials. Gamma rays with energy below a few MeV also ...
- neutron-scattering
- (from the article "neutron optics") ...exploited in the development of analytic methods, with important applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Among the diverse achievements in the field of neutron optics, neutron-scattering studies have ...
- neutropenia
- (from the article "blood disease") ...low (below 4,000 per cubic millimetre). Like leukocytosis, which is usually due to an increase of neutrophils (neutrophilia), leukopenia usually is due to a reduction in the number of neutrophils ...
- neutrophil
- (from the article "blood") The neutrophils are fairly uniform in size with a diameter between 12 and 15 micrometres. The nucleus consists of two to five lobes joined together by hairlike filaments. Neutrophils move ...
- Neuve-Chapelle, Battle of
- (from the article "World War I") ...barrier in Champagne won only 500 yards (460 metres) of ground at a cost of 50,000 men. For the British, Sir Douglas Haig's 1st Army, between Armentieres and Lens, tried ...
- Neuville, Lemercier de
- (from the article "puppetry") ...and artistic friends to found the Theatron Erotikon, a tiny private puppet theatre, which only ran for two years, presenting seven plays to invited audiences. The moving spirit, however, was ...
- Neva River
- river in Leningrad oblast (province), northwestern Russia. The river issues from Lake Ladoga at Shlisselburg and flows 46 miles (74 km) west to the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic ... [2 Related Articles]
- Neva, Battle of the
- (July 15, 1240), military engagement in which the Novgorod army defeated the Swedes on the banks of the Neva River; in honour of this battle the Novgorod commander, Prince Alexander ...
- Nevada
- constituent state of the United States of America. It borders California on the west, Oregon and Idaho on the north, Utah on the east, and Arizona on the southeast. It ... [13 Related Articles]
- Nevada Fall
- waterfall located on the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, east-central California, U.S. It is situated about 5 miles (8 km) above the confluence of the Merced River with Tenaya ...
- Nevada Gaming Commission
- (from the article "Las Vegas") Although organized crime largely created contemporary Las Vegas, its dominance was short-lived. By the late 1950s the newly established Nevada Gaming Commission-which was responsible for licensing and overseeing gambling operations-began ...
- Nevada Test Site
- (from the article "Nevada") About 85 percent of Nevada's land is owned by the federal government. Following establishment of the Nevada Test Site by the federal government in the 1950s, a complex of research ...
- Nevada, Emma
- American opera singer, one of the finest coloratura sopranos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Nevada, flag of
- U.S. state flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) with an emblem in the upper hoist corner including a wreath, a star, the name of the state, and the ...
- Nevada, University of
- public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Nevada, U.S., comprising campuses in Reno and Las Vegas. It is part of the University and Community College System of Nevada. The Reno ... [1 Related Articles]
- Nevadan orogeny
- mountain-building event in western North America that started in the Late Jurassic Epoch about 156 million years ago. This event is generally considered to be the first significant phase of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Nevado de Toluca National Park
- park in Mexico state, central Mexico. It is situated in the municipality of Zinacantepec, on the Mexico-Toluca-Guadalajara highway west of Mexico City. Established in 1936, it has an area of ...
- Neve, Felipe de
- (from the article "Los Angeles") In the fall of 1781, California Gov. Felipe de Neve and 44 settlers from Sonora and Mazatlan established a pueblo near a river they called Rio de Porcincula, where the ...
- Nevele Pride
- (foaled 1965), American harness racehorse (Standardbred), the fastest trotter in history. He won 57 victories out of the 67 races he entered, earning more than $870,000 in his career of ...
- Nevelskoy, Gennady I.
- (from the article "Amur River") ...visited much of the basin and estuary between 1644 and 1646, and Yerofey P. Khabarov (1649-51), for whom Khabarovsk is named. In 1849-55 an expedition led by the Russian naval ...
- Nevelson, Louise
- American sculptor known for her large, monochromatic abstract sculptures and environments in wood and other materials. [2 Related Articles]
- Nevers
- city, capital of Nievre departement, Bourgogne region, central France, south-southeast of Paris. Situated on the high right bank of the Loire River at its confluence with the Nievre River, it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Nevers faience
- French tin-glazed earthenware introduced from Italy to Nevers in 1565, by two brothers named Corrado. As the Conrade family, they and their descendants dominated Nevers faience manufacture for more than ... [2 Related Articles]
- Nevers glass figure
- any of the ornamental glassware made in Nevers, Fr., from the late 16th century through the early 19th. Only a few inches high, they have been mistaken for fine porcelain ...
- Nevers, Ernie
- American collegiate and professional football and baseball player, who was considered one of the greatest football players of all time.
- Neves, Jose Maria
- (from the article "Cape Verde") Area: 4,033 sq km (1,557 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 496,000 | Capital: Praia | Chief of state: President Pedro Pires | Head of government: Prime Minister Jose ...
- Neves, Lucas Moreira Cardinal
- Brazilian-born Roman Catholic prelate (b. Sept. 16, 1925, Sao Joao del Rei, Braz.-d. Sept. 8, 2002, Rome, Italy), served in key Vatican posts (1974-87) and as archbishop (1987-98) of Sao ...
- Neves, Maria das
- (from the article "Sao Tome and Principe") Area: 1,001 sq km (386 sq mi) | Population (2004 est.): 142,000 | Capital: Sao Tome | Chief of state: President Fradique de Menezes | Head of government: Prime Ministers ...
- Neves, Tancredo de Almeida
- (from the article "Sao Joao del Rei") ...the state capital, 122 miles (197 km) north, and to neighbouring communities, particularly Barbacena, 36 miles (58 km) east. Sao Joao del Rei has several museums and a memorial to ...
- Nevi'im
- the second division of the Hebrew Bible, or Old Testament, the other two being the Torah (the Law) and the Ketuvim (the Writings, or the Hagiographa). In the Hebrew canon ... [6 Related Articles]
- Neville's Cross, Battle of
- (Oct. 17, 1346), English victory over the Scots-under David II-who, as allies of the French, had invaded England in an attempt to distract Edward III from the Siege of Calais ... [1 Related Articles]
- Nevin, Arthur Finley
- (from the article "Nevin, Ethelbert Woodbridge") His brother Arthur Finley Nevin (1871-1943), a composer and conductor, did research on the music of the Blackfoot Indians and used this music in his opera Poia (Berlin, 1910).
- Nevin, Ethelbert Woodbridge
- U.S. composer of light songs and piano pieces.
- Nevin, John Williamson
- U.S. Protestant theologian and educator who contributed to the "Mercersburg theology"-a movement that attempted to counter the popular Protestant revivalism of antebellum America.
- Nevinnomyssk
- city, Stavropol kray (territory), western Russia, on the Kuban River at the mouth of the Bolshoy (Great) Zelenchuk River. Until the mid-1950s it was an agricultural market ...
- Nevins, Allan
- American historian, author, and educator, known especially for his eight-volume history of the American Civil War and his biographies of American political and industrial figures. He also established the country's ...
- Nevis Peak
- (from the article "Saint Kitts and Nevis") Nevis, surrounded by coral reefs, lies two miles southeast of Saint Kitts across a channel known as The Narrows. The island is circular, and it consists almost entirely of a ...
- Nevis Reformation Party
- (from the article "Saint Kitts and Nevis") The Nevis Reformation Party won three of the five seats in the Nevis Island Assembly elections in July and thus took over control of the local government body from the ...
- Nevison, John
- Yorkshire highwayman of Restoration England, made famous in ballads and folklore.
- Nevsehir
- city, central Turkey. It lies on the lower slopes of a hill crowned by a ruined citadel dating from the Seljuq period. Other monuments include the mosque Kursunlu Cami, with ...
- Nevsky Prospekt
- (from the article "Saint Petersburg") From the Admiralty and its surrounding squares radiate three great avenues, of which the most important and best known is the Nevsky. One of the world's great thoroughfares, Nevsky Prospekt ...
- nevus
- congenital skin lesion, or birthmark, caused by abnormal pigmentation or by proliferation of blood vessels and other dermal or epidermal structures. Nevi may be raised or may spread along the ...
- New Acropolis Museum
- (from the article "Elgin Marbles") ...marbles, but the British Museum-claiming among other reasons that it has saved the marbles from certain damage and deterioration-has not acceded, and the issue remains controversial. The New Acropolis Museum ...
- New Age movement
- movement that spread through the occult and metaphysical religious communities in the 1970s and '80s. It looked forward to a "New Age" of love and light and offered a foretaste ... [4 Related Articles]
- New Albany
- city, seat (1819) of Floyd county, southeastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged) opposite Louisville, Ky. It was founded in 1813 by Joel, Abner, and Nathaniel Scribner, ...
- New Amsterdam
- town, northeastern Guyana. It lies along the Berbice River near the point at which the latter empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Built in 1740 by the Dutch and first named ... [1 Related Articles]
- New Apocalypse
- (from the article "English literature") ...and books; and the poem and the short story, convenient forms for men under arms, became the favoured means of literary expression. It was hardly a time for new beginnings, ...
- New Apostolic Church
- church organized in Germany in 1863 as the Universal Catholic Church, by members of the Catholic Apostolic Church who believed that new apostles must be appointed to replace deceased apostles ...
- New Asian-African Strategic Partnership
- (from the article "Bandung Conference") In 2005, on the 50th anniversary of the original conference, leaders from Asian and African countries met in Jakarta and Bandung to launch the New Asian-African Strategic Partnership (NAASP). They ...
- New Baptist Covenant
- (from the article "Religion") In January leaders of more than 30 Baptist groups in the United States and Canada announced their support for a New Baptist Covenant led by former U.S. presidents Jimmy Carter ...
- New Bedford
- city, Bristol county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies at the mouth of the Acushnet River on Buzzards Bay, 54 miles (87 km) south of Boston. [2 Related Articles]
- New Belgrade
- (from the article "Belgrade") In the course of its growth, Belgrade spread southward and southeastward over a hilly terrain. A new district called New Belgrade (Novi Beograd) has been built on the plain west ...
- New Bern
- city, seat (1722) of Craven county, eastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent Rivers, about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Jacksonville. The ...
- New Bian Canal
- (from the article "Bian Canal") The emperor Yangdi of the Sui dynasty (581-618) began construction of the New Bian Canal in 605. It followed the old canal as far as Shangqiu but then flowed southeastward ...
- New Bian Canal
- (from the article "Bian Canal") In the late 1960s, however, another waterway, also called the New Bian Canal, was built as part of the water conservancy project for the Huai River basin. Construction of the ...
- New Braunfels
- city, seat (1846) of Comal county and also partly in Guadalupe county, south-central Texas, U.S. It lies on the Balcones Escarpment at a point where the Comal River (3 miles ...
- New Bremen Glassmanufactory
- (from the article "Amelung glass") American glass produced from 1784 to about 1795 by John Frederick Amelung, a native of Bremen in Germany. Financed by German and American promoters, Amelung founded the New Bremen Glassmanufactory ...
- New Britain
- largest island of the Bismarck Archipelago, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in Papua New Guinea. It is situated 55 miles (88 km) east of the Huon Peninsula of eastern mainland ... [6 Related Articles]
- New Britain
- city, coextensive with the town (township) of New Britain, Hartford county, central Connecticut, U.S. Settled as the Stanley Quarter to the north in 1686 and followed later by the Great ...
- New Brunswick
- Canadian province located on the eastern seaboard of the North American continent. It is Canada's only officially bilingual province, French and English having equal status. It was one of the ... [7 Related Articles]
- New Brunswick
- city, seat of Middlesex county, eastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies on the Raritan River, at the terminus of the old Delaware and Raritan Canal, 21 miles (33 km) south-southwest ...
- New Brunswick, flag of
- Canadian provincial flag that is horizontally divided and bears a golden lion on an upper red stripe and a lymphad (ancient galley) on a central golden stripe; the bottom edge ...
- New Brutalism
- one aspect of the International Style of architecture that was created by Le Corbusier and his leading fellow architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Frank Lloyd Wright and that ... [3 Related Articles]
- New Caledonia
- French overseas country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 900 miles (1,500 km) east of Australia. It includes the island of New Caledonia (the Grande Terre [Mainland]), where the capital, ... [20 Related Articles]
- New Caledonia
- largest island of the French overseas country of New Caledonia, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean 750 miles (1,200 km) east of Australia. Also known as Grande Terre (Mainland), it is ... [1 Related Articles]
- New Castile
- historic provincial region, central upland Spain. It generally includes the area of the Moorish kingdom of Toledo annexed to the former kingdom of Castile in the 11th century AD. In ... [3 Related Articles]
- New Castle
- (from the article "Delaware") ...along the Middle Atlantic seaboard. It is the second smallest state in the country and one of the most densely populated. The state is organized into three counties-from north to ...
- New Castle
- city, seat (1821) of Henry county, eastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Blue River, 50 miles (80 km) east of Indianapolis. Founded in 1820 and named by Ezekiel Leavell ...
- New Castle
- city, seat (1849) of Lawrence county, western Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies at the juncture of the Shenango and Mahoning rivers and Neshannock Creek and in the foothills of the Allegheny ...
- New Castle
- city, New Castle county, northern Delaware, U.S. It is just south of Wilmington on the Delaware River, there linked to New Jersey by the twin spans of the Delaware Memorial ... [1 Related Articles]
- New China News Agency
- news agency of China, founded in 1931 as the press outlet of the Chinese Communist Party. It was first set up in the Red Army-controlled area in Jiangxi province and ...
- New Church
- church organized in the General Conference of the New Church, the General Convention of the New Jerusalem in the U.S.A., and the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Its members ... [1 Related Articles]
- New Church, General Conference of the
- (from the article "New Church") church organized in the General Conference of the New Church, the General Convention of the New Jerusalem in the U.S.A., and the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Its members ...
- New Citizen's Alliance
- (from the article "Slovakia") ...of the year, and the government came close to collapse in September. Within the four-party ruling coalition, relations were especially tense between the Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) and the New ...
- New Coastal Plain
- (from the article "Suriname") ...(364 kilometres) long, consists of sandbanks and mudbanks deposited by the southern equatorial currents from the area surrounding the mouth of the Amazon River. South of the mudbanks begins the ...
- New Code of 581
- (from the article "China") ...and institutional reforms. In the last days of the Bei Zhou, he had been responsible for a revision of the laws, and one of his first acts on becoming emperor ...
- New Coke
- (from the article "Goizueta, Roberto Crispulo") ..."Coke is it!" and was credited with the successful introduction of Diet Coke in 1982. He was faulted, however, for the marketing failure that occurred with the 1985 introduction of ...
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