(from the article "dating") The radioactive decay of samarium of mass 147 (147Sm) to neodymium of mass 143 (143Nd) has been shown to be capable of providing useful isochron ages for certain geologic materials. ...
(from the article "magnetism") ...regions called domains. Under normal conditions, the various domains have fields that cancel, but they can be aligned with each other to produce extremely large magnetic fields. Various alloys, like ...
school of anthropology concerned with long-term culture change and with the similar patterns of development that may be seen in unrelated, widely separated cultures. It arose in the mid-20th century, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "fascism") Although fascism was largely discredited in Europe at the end of World War II, fascist-inspired movements were founded in several European countries beginning in the late 1940s. Similar groups were ...
(from the article "clay mineral") In nature both mineral formation mechanisms, neoformation and transformation, are induced by weathering and hydrothermal and diagenetic actions.
(from the article "tree") ...the climate of the previous year also affects the diameter growth of the current year. Examples of preformers are most pines, fir, hickory, spruce, Douglas fir, beech, and oak. Some ...
(from the article "grebe") Grebes are ancient, highly specialized diving birds with no obvious close relatives, living or fossil. The earliest fossil is possibly Neogaeornis wetzeli, a diving bird that dates back to the ...
(from the article "gastropod") ...frog and triton shells often live in rocky areas; most species large in size.Carnivorous or scavengers with rachiglossate (with 3 denticles) or taxoglossate (with 2 denticles) radula; shell ...
latest of the two major divisions of the Cenozoic Era. The Neogene Period encompasses the most recent 23 million years and includes the Miocene (23 million to 5.3 million years ... [1 Related Articles]
genus of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), containing two species of perennial South American herbs. Both are native to Brazil and have purple flowers.
(from the article "Neoglaziovia") The leaves of N. variegata, a reedlike plant, are up to 1.2 m (4 feet) long. They contain a fibre known as caroa, which is used to make rope, fabric, ...
any of a group of German scholars that arose around 1875; their chief tenet concerning language change was that sound laws have no exceptions. This principle was very controversial because ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "organizational analysis") Two subsequent schools of research took issue with the claim of contingency theorists that organizational designs are shaped by internal constraints. The school known as neoinstitutionalism revived the institutionalist view ...
(from the article "fungus") Parasitic or pathogenic on plants; some with large ascocarps; contains one order.Parasitic on plant roots; produces large ascocarps; forms yeastlike conidia; example genus is Neolecta.
(from the article "fungus") ...on plants, causing gall formation; naked asci; example genera include Taphrina and Protomyces.Parasitic or pathogenic on plants; some with large ascocarps; contains one order.
(from the article "Latin America, history of") ...witnessed a generalized economic crisis in Latin America, triggered in large part by external factors but aggravated by domestic mismanagement; in search of a way out, countries put their trust ...
final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans. It was characterized by stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, dependence on domesticated plants or animals, settlement in ... [60 Related Articles]
(from the article "Central Africa") About 10,000 years ago Central Africa began to undergo an economic revolution. It started in the north, where a new dry phase in the Earth's history forced people to make ...
(from the article "North Africa") ...have originated in Egypt or the Sudan, the character of the flint-working tradition of the Maghribian Neolithic argues in favour of the survival of much of the earlier culture, which ...
(from the article "barrel cactus") Neolloydia (14 species) is native to the southwestern United States and much of Mexico. Spiny and globose to cylindroid, Neolloydia species reach 40 cm (1.3 feet) in height and 12 ...
(from the article "residence") In traditional cultures, residence practices generally follow established customs. If newlyweds establish a home independent of the location of either set of parents, they are said to establish neolocal residence. ...
(from the article "Lutheranism") ...the use of reason but emphasized the primacy of revelation, Lutheran theology subordinated revelation and declared reason to be the key to understanding the will of God. This sentiment, known ...
(from the article "ear disease") ...stops taking the drug. Quinine can have a similar effect but with a permanent impairment of auditory nerve function in some cases. Certain antibiotics, such as streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, and ...
chemical element, inert gas of Group 0 (noble gases) of the periodic table, used in electric signs and fluorescent lamps. Colourless, odourless, tasteless, and lighter than air, neon gas occurs ... [12 Related Articles]
(from the article "goby") ...small, pink fish native to California that lives intertidally in burrows dug by the ghost shrimp, Callianassa. Another form of association between gobies and other animals is typified by the ...
(from the article "electric discharge lamp") ...From about 1900, practical electric discharge lamps were in use in Europe and the United States. The French inventor Georges Claude was the first to use neon gas, about 1910. ...
(from the article "tetra") The neon tetra (Paracheirodon, or Hyphessobrycon, innesi) is a slender fish that is very popular with aquarium owners. It grows to a length of 4 cm, its hind parts are ...
(from the article "metabolic disease") ...of peroxisomes, which results in severely depressed activity of peroxisomal functions, affecting the functions of numerous enzymes. Such disorders include Zellweger (cerebrohepatorenal) syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, hyperpipecolic acidemia, and infantile Refsum ...
(from the article "asphyxia") Neonatal asphyxia can result from the presence of analgesics or anesthetics in the mother's bloodstream, strangulation by the umbilical cord, maternal hypotension, or a number of other causes.
influential 20th-century Protestant theological movement in Europe and America, known in Europe as crisis theology and dialectical theology. The phrase crisis theology referred to the intellectual crisis of Christendom that ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "sacrament") ...than at its climax. There is nothing to suggest that a ritual rebirth was effected by a sacramental lustration, or sacred meal, at any point in the Eleusinian ritual. What ...
(from the article "monoplacophoran") ...feet) off the coast of Costa Rica. Until then it was thought that they had become extinct 400,000,000 years ago. Existing monoplacophorans are represented by fewer than 10 species, including ...
(from the article "Western architecture") ...Organized in Leiden in 1917, the painters Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg and the architects Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud and Gerrit Thomas Rietveld were counted among its members. Their ...
the last school of Greek philosophy, given its definitive shape in the 3rd century CE by the one great philosophical and religious genius of the school, Plotinus. The ancient philosophers ... [31 Related Articles]
any of a class of elastomers, or rubberlike synthetic organic compounds of high molecular weight (polymers), made by chemical combination of the simpler compound 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene (chloroprene); it is used in ... [5 Related Articles]
conodont, or small toothlike phosphatic fossil of uncertain affinity, that is characterized by a main terminal cusp, varying numbers of subsidiary cusps or denticles that may be completely fused, and ...
(from the article "insect") ...are developed fully. In the Paleoptera (Figure 1) the wings are held aloft above the back, as in mayflies, or held extended permanently on each side of the body, as ...
in Greek legend, the son of Achilles, the hero of the Greek army at Troy, and of Deidamia, daughter of King Lycomedes of Scyros; he was sometimes called Pyrrhus, meaning ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Western architecture") The pursuit of Greek architecture had as one incentive the pursuit of primitive truth and thus of an inherent rationalism. This line of thought had been developed early in the ...
Italian literary and cinematic movement, flourishing especially after World War II, seeking to deal realistically with the events leading up to the war and with the social problems that were ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...the European nations. Italy's early surrender, however, left its facilities relatively intact, enabling the Italian cinema to lead the post-World War II film renaissance with its development of the Neorealist ...
(from the article "international relations") ...been marked by a renewed debate about the relationship between structures and institutions in international systems. On one side of the controversy was a revival of the school of realism, ...
genus of about 40 species of epiphytes (plants that are supported by other plants and have aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae) native to ...
(from the article "flatworm") ...mouth present; pharynx simple or lacking; no intestine; without protonephridia, oviducts, yolk glands, or definitely delimited gonads; about 200 species.Saclike linear intestine; protonephridia and oviducts usually present; gonads few, ...
(from the article "vertebrate") ...feathered tail; less specialized for flight; body elongated and reptilelike; forelimb had 3 clawed digits; small brain and eyes; nonpneumatic bones.Well-developed sternum; tail is not long; no ...
(from the article "Estonian literature") The realism epitomized in Liiv's writings held sway from 1890 to 1906. It was superseded by the Neoromantic Young Estonia group, whose leader, a poet, Gustav Suits, devised the slogan ...
(from the article "Europe, history of") ...of Naturalism, coupled with the aesthetic, or "art for art's sake," impetus in Symbolism and with the Impressionists' transmutation of concreteness into light, justifies the name of Neoromanticism that has ...
(from the article "Scholasticism") ...to go back to Scholastic thinkers and inspire a renascence of their basic ideas. Two chief movements of this kind were the Scholasticism of the Renaissance (called Barockscholastik) and the ...
city, seat (1839) of Newton county, southwest Missouri, U.S. It lies in the Ozark Mountains, about 20 miles (32 km) south of Joplin. Founded in 1839, its name, of Osage ...
river rising north of Council Grove in Morris county, Kan., U.S., and flowing generally southeast into Oklahoma, where it is also known as the Grand, to join the Arkansas River, ...
genus of extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) found as fossils in Late Carboniferous to Permian marine rocks (the period of time from the Late Carboniferous to the end of the Permian ...
(from the article "plumage") ...of a bird. It provides protection, insulation, and adornment and also helps streamline and soften body contours, reducing friction in air and water. Plumage of the newborn chick is downy, ...
(from the article "drug") ...competitive neuromuscular blocking agent, transmission can be restored. This provides a useful way to terminate paralysis produced by tubocurarine or similar drugs at the end of surgical procedures. Neostigmine often ...
(from the article "nervous system, human") ...is the oldest of the basal ganglia and is often referred to as the archistriatum; the globus pallidus is known as the paleostriatum, and the caudate nucleus and putamen are ...
(from the article "paedomorphosis") ...of paedomorphosis: acceleration of sexual maturation relative to the rest of development (progenesis) and retardation of bodily development with respect to the onset of reproductive activity (neoteny).evolution of vertebrates
any of a group of poets who sought to break away from the didactic-patriotic tradition of Latin poetry by consciously emulating the forms and content of Alexandrian Greek models. The ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "woodrat") ...Allegheny woodrat populations are declining, possibly because of forest defoliation by gypsy moths and infestation by parasites. Two species endemic to islands in the Gulf of California-N. anthonyi of the ...
(from the article "woodrat") ...of forest defoliation by gypsy moths and infestation by parasites. Two species endemic to islands in the Gulf of California-N. anthonyi of the Todos Santos Islands and N. bunkeri of ...
(from the article "chigger") ...to be members of Trombicula but usually are now classified as separate genera include Eutrombiculasplendens and E.batatus of North America. In Europe Neotrombiculaautumnalis attacks not only humans ...
(from the article "biogeographic region") Essentially the Neotropical kingdom covers all but the extreme southern tip and southwestern strip of South America; Central America; Mexico, excluding the dry north and centre; and beyond to the ...
(from the article "squirrel") ...Asia. Weighing 1.5 to 3 kg (3 to almost 7 pounds), it has a body length of 25 to 46 cm (about 10 to 18 inches) and a tail about ...
one of the six major biogeographic areas of the world defined on the basis of its characteristic animal life. It extends south from the Mexican desert into South America as ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "taxonomy") ...by the original describer of the form (a species or subspecies only) and available to those who want to verify the status of other specimens. When no holotype exists, as ...
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") Computer and printer maker Hewlett-Packard acquired two software businesses, paying $1.6 billion for Opsware, whose software automated data-centre administration, and $214 million for Neoware, which made software for centralizing the ...
country of Asia, lying along the southern slopes of the Himalayan mountain ranges. It is a landlocked country located between India to the east, south, and west and the Tibet ... [45 Related Articles]
nonrectangular national flag consisting of two united pennant (triangular flag) shapes. Nepal is the only country in the modern world that does not have a rectangular national flag. It is ...
town, southwestern Nepal. It is situated in the Tarai, a low, fertile plain northeast of Nanpara, India. Nepalganj is a trading centre for rice, wheat, corn (maize), oilseeds, and hides ...
(from the article "Nepal") ...1950. With strong diplomatic support from New Delhi, the rebels accepted a settlement with the Ranas under which the sovereignty of the crown was restored and the revolutionary forces, led ...
the body of writings in the Nepali language of Nepal. Before the Gurkha (Gorkha) conquest of Nepal in 1768, Nepalese writings were in Sanskrit and Newari as well as Nepali ...
(from the article "angiosperm") ...which traps water in its crowns, provides a habitat for salamanders, frogs, and many aquatic insects and larvae. The animal inhabitants of the water-filled, insectivorous pitcher-plant leaves (Nepenthaceae) have adapted ...
(from the article "anesthetic") Drugs of various kinds have been used for many centuries to reduce the distress of surgical operations. Homer wrote of nepenthe, which was probably cannabis or opium. Arabian physicians used ...
genus of flowering plants commonly called pitcher plants that belong to the family Nepenthaceae. About 80 species are known, mostly native to Madagascar, Southeast Asia, and Australasia. (The common North ...
(from the article "Argonaut") The Golden Fleece had originated in the following manner. Jason's uncle Athamas had had two children, Phrixus and Helle, by his first wife, Nephele, the cloud goddess. Ino, his second ...
the most common feldspathoid mineral, an aluminosilicate of sodium and potassium [(Na,K)AlSiO4]. It is sometimes used as a substitute for feldspars in the manufacture of glass and ceramics. Nepheline is ... [4 Related Articles]
medium- to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, a member of the alkali-syenite group (see syenite) that consists largely of feldspar and nepheline. It is always considerably poorer in silica and richer ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "basalt") ...rocks belonging to the alkali group; nepheline, analcime, and leucite are the commonest, but hauynite is occasionally present. If nepheline entirely replaces feldspar, the rock is known as nepheline-basalt; if ...
silica-poor (mafic) lava that contains nepheline and pyroxene and is usually completely crystallized. Despite its wide geographic distribution and occasional extensive local development, it is a very rare rock. Known ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Richards, Theodore William") Richards greatly improved the technique of gravimetric atomic weight determinations, introducing quartz apparatus, the bottling device, and the nephelometer (an instrument for measuring turbidity). Although the atomic weight values of ...
in analytical chemistry, methods for determining the amount of cloudiness, or turbidity, in a solution based upon measurement of the effect of this turbidity upon the transmission and scattering of ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Egypt, ancient") Aided by the Greek commander Chabrias of Athens and his elite troops, Achoris prevented a Persian invasion; but after Achoris's death in 380 BC his son Nepherites II lasted only ...
(from the article "avunculate") ...The term is derived from the Latin avunculus, meaning "uncle." It typically involves for the maternal uncle a measure of authority over his nephews (and sometimes his ...
city, seat (1882) of Juab county, north-central Utah, U.S. Located at the southern end of the Wasatch Range, the city was founded as an agricultural colony in 1851 and was ...
(from the article "Mormon") ...which recounts the history of a group of Hebrews, led by the prophet Lehi, who migrated from Jerusalem to America about 600 BCE. There they multiplied and split into two ...
(from the article "pregnancy") It is sometimes necessary to remove a person's kidney because of an infection, a stone, a tumour, or tuberculosis. The remaining normal kidney has a reserve that is greatly in ...
(from the article "malacostracan") Malacostracans excrete waste fluids mainly through the ducts of the nephridial glands, which are present in the body segments of the second antennae and the maxillae. The ducts open on ...
(from the article "excretion") ...as a result of the reabsorption of salts. Finally, a very dilute urine passes into the bladder (an enlarged portion of the tubule) and then to the exterior through the ...
(from the article "excretion") ...The nephridium of the earthworm is longer and more complex than that of marine annelids, four regions being distinguishable. Body fluid enters the nephridium via an internal opening called the ...
unit of the excretory system in many primitive invertebrates and also in the amphioxus; it expels wastes from the body cavity to the (usually aquatic) exterior. The evolution of nephridia ... [3 Related Articles]
a gem-quality silicate mineral in the tremolite-actinolite series of amphiboles. It is the less prized but more common of the two types of jade, usually found as translucent to opaque, ... [4 Related Articles]
malignant renal (kidney) tumour of early childhood. In 75 percent of the cases, the tumour grows before the age of five; about two-thirds of the instances are apparent by two ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "diabetes insipidus") ...the disorder that results from injury to the hypothalamic nucleus, which is the tract by which vasopressin is conveyed to the neurohypophysis for storage, is called central diabetes insipidus (CDI). ...
branch of medicine concerned with the study of kidney functions and the treatment of kidney diseases. The first scientific observations of the kidney were made by Lorenzo Bellini and Marcello ...
functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "hantavirus") ...Hantaan virus and is carried by the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), a type of wood mouse that is prevalent in Asia and eastern Europe. A second ...
hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood from arteries to the even smaller capillaries) of the kidney. This condition is caused by ...
(from the article "archinephros") ...segment, connects the body cavity with the Wolffian ducts. Each tubule is ciliated where it opens into the body cavity, and a knot of capillaries occurs at each of these ...
group of signs of kidney malfunction, including a low level of albumin (a protein) and a high level of lipids (fats) in the blood, proteins in the urine, and the ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "animal development") The kidneys of vertebrates consist of a mass of tubules that develop from the stalks of somites called nephrotomes. In some primitive vertebrates such as cyclostomes, the nephrotome in each ...
(from the article "drug") The major problem with the aminoglycosides is that the margin of safety between a toxic and a therapeutic dose is narrow. Nephrotoxicity (harmful to kidney cells) and ototoxicity (harmful to ...
