(from the article "wind instrument") As ancient as the trumpet is the natural horn, which was derived from an animal horn or a tusk. With the multifarious species of horned animals, the African countries achieved ...
(from the article "administrative law") In common-law systems, the doctrine of natural justice influences administrative procedure in two ways: (1) that a person may not be judge of his own cause, and (2) that a ...
(from the article "immune system") ...so large that phagocytes cannot ingest them. Such cells, however, can be attacked by killer cells present in the blood and lymphoid tissues. Killer cells, which may be either cytotoxic ...
(from the article "metaphysics") ...wanted to say that all classification is artificial; the descriptions men give of things depend upon their interests as much as upon what is really there. Aristotle, by contrast, believed ...
(from the article "artificial intelligence") ...means "hazard ahead" in some countries. It is distinctive of languages that linguistic units possess meaning by convention, and linguistic meaning is very different from what is called natural meaning, ...
in philosophy, a system of right or justice held to be common to all humans and derived from nature rather than from the rules of society, or positive law. [28 Related Articles]
(from the article "logarithm") ...for more than 300 years, until the perfection of mechanical calculating machines in the late 19th century and computers in the 20th century rendered them obsolete for large-scale computations. The ...
(from the article "arithmetic") In a collection (or set) of objects (or elements), the act of determining the number of objects present is called counting. The numbers thus obtained are called the counting numbers ...
(from the article "science, philosophy of") From natural philosophy to theories of methodscience, history ofThe birth of natural philosophyThere seems to be no good reason why ...
(from the article "music recording") Microphone placement has been perhaps the major criterion in separating the "natural" or "re-creative" from the "creative" technique of large-scale classical recordings. In a natural setup microphones are placed in ...
(from the article "rock") NRM (natural remanent magnetization) is the magnetization detected in a geologic in situ condition. The NRM of a substance may, of course, be a combination of any of the other ...
(from the article "resin") ...are formed in plant secretions and are soluble in various organic liquids but not in water. Synthetic resins comprise a large class of synthetic products that have some of the ...
(from the article "Antarctica") ...incentive. For some, it was the search for new trading routes; for others, it meant the opening of new fur-sealing grounds; still others saw a possibility of mineral riches. The ...
(from the article "monarchy") ...in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa, that reduced the monarchs' authority. The concept of "divine right" was often eroded by the spread of secularism. Emerging ideas of the individual's ...
(from the article "elastomer") Four common elastomers are cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR), cis-polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM). SBR is a mixed polymer, or copolymer, consisting of two different ...
(from the article "museum, types of") Museums of natural history and natural science are concerned with the natural world; their collections may contain specimens of birds, mammals, insects, plants, rocks, minerals, and fossils. These museums have ...
process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or genetic constitution. [45 Related Articles]
(from the article "taxonomy") ...Greeks had constant contact with the sea and marine life, and Aristotle seems to have studied it intensively during his stay on the island of Lesbos. In his writings, he ...
(from the article "control theory") The advancement of technology (artificial biology) and the deeper understanding of the processes of biology (natural technology) has given reason to hope that the two can be combined; man-made devices ...
(from the article "Enlightenment") ...of one God, often conceived of as architect or mechanician, the existence of a system of rewards and punishments administered by that God, and the obligation of men to virtue ...
(from the article "trumpet") ...the similar Roman tuba, and the Roman lituus, straight with an upturned bell-it came into prominence as a musical instrument in the Middle Ages. Later forms included the natural trumpet ...
(from the article "vibration") Vibrations fall into two categories: free and forced. Free vibrations occur when the system is disturbed momentarily and then allowed to move without restraint. A classic example is provided by ...
(from the article "3-D") ...striated viewing glasses for the audience) that made it possible to film in natural colour and correctly applied the convergence principle of the human eye in the filming. The first ...
(from the article "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft") ...and regulated on the basis of traditional social rules. People have simple and direct face-to-face relations with each other that are determined by Wesenwille (natural will)-i.e., natural ...
(from the article "submarine") A nuclear reactor provides the heat that powers a steam turbine, which in turn drives a propeller. There are three main types of marine nuclear reactor: pressurized-water, natural-circulation, and liquid-metal.
(from the article "riparian right") ...governmental seizure by the U.S. Constitution. Two distinct legal doctrines evolved concerning such rights. Historically, the English water law first adopted in the United States was premised on the natural-flow ...
(from the article "information processing") The analysis of digitally recorded natural-language information from the semantic viewpoint is a matter of considerable complexity, and it lies at the foundation of such incipient applications as automatic question ...
in literature and the visual arts, late 19th- and early 20th-century movement that was inspired by adaptation of the principles and methods of natural science, especially the Darwinian view of ... [37 Related Articles]
in philosophy, a theory that relates scientific method to philosophy by affirming that all beings and events in the universe (whatever their inherent character may be) are natural. Consequently, all ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Tassili-n-Ajjer") The engravings include those of an important early school of art, the "Naturalistic Bubaline," which was approximately contemporary with the Round Head paintings. These artists used a remarkably naturalistic style ...
(from the article "ethics") At first the scene was dominated by the intuitionists, whose leading representative was the English philosopher G.E. Moore (1873-1958). In his Principia Ethica (1903), Moore argued against what he called ...
the act of investing an alien with the status of a national in a given state; it may be accomplished as the result of voluntary application, special legislative direction, marriage ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Settlement, Act of") ...office or place of trust, either civil or military, or to have any grant of lands, tenements, or hereditaments from the Crown to himself, or to any other or others ...
(from the article "philosophy, Western") The philosophical psychology and philosophy of mind developed since the 1950s by the American philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000), known generally as naturalized epistemology, was influenced both by Russell's ...
(from the article "aesthetics") ...(Henry Home), and Archibald Alison. This approach materialized not only because of a growing interest in fine art as a uniquely human phenomenon but also because of the awakening of ...
(from the article "conservation") The Nature Conservancy in 1997 issued a report card on species for the United States that covered 13 groups of animals and plants. Using standards that were different, though broadly ...
(from the article "Ten Sleep") ...and the Indian Agency at Stillwater, Montana (northwest). The scenic Ten Sleep Canyon and Powder River Pass (9,666 feet [2,946 metre]) are immediately to the east. Near the entrance to ...
(from the article "mysticism") ...and abstract formulas; mysticism, however, like poetry, depends more on paradoxes and an unusual use of language. Philosophies may lead to or follow from mysticism, but they are not the ...
(from the article "religions, classification of") ...characterized by a high degree of ethical awareness. Tiele agreed strongly with Whitney in distinguishing between nature and ethical religions. Ethical religion, in Tiele's views, develops out of nature religion,But ...
area set aside for the purpose of preserving certain animals, plants, or both. A nature reserve differs from a national park (q.v.) usually in being smaller and having as its ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "nature worship") ...kind of high god-the deus otiosus, Latin for "hidden, or idle, god"-is one who has delegated all work on earth to what are called "nature spirits," which ...
system of religion based on the veneration of natural phenomena-for example, celestial objects such as the sun and moon and terrestrial objects such as water and fire. [11 Related Articles]
in logic, a stated regularity in the relations or order of phenomena in the world that holds, under a stipulated set of conditions, either universally or in a stated proportion ... [1 Related Articles]
the discipline that investigates substantive issues regarding the actual features of nature as a reality. The discussion here is divided into two parts: the philosophy of physics and the philosophy ... [25 Related Articles]
(from the article "physical culture") More attractive to mid-19th-century Americans were various non-exercise treatments, cures, and dietary schemes designed to encourage overall health and well-being. Naturopathy, including such practices as hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, herbal medicine, nutrition, ...
U.S. actress (b. June 19, 1905, Baltimore, Md.--d. Oct. 25, 1994, New York, N.Y.), specialized in portraying mischievous spinsters and likable eccentric characters on stage and television and in films. ...
(from the article "dance") ...dance developed as a part of religious ritual in which dancers worshiped the gods by telling stories about their lives and exploits. Three main components form the basis of these ...
detailed treatise and handbook on dramatic art that deals with all aspects of the classical Sanskrit theatre. It is believed to have been written before the 3rd century by the ... [10 Related Articles]
(from the article "South Asian arts") There were two types of Hindu productions: the lokadharmi, or realistic theatre, with natural presentation of human behaviour and properties catering to the popular taste, and the natyadharmi, or stylized ...
in ancient Greece, an admiral or supreme commander of the navy, used as an official title primarily in Sparta in the late 5th and early 4th centuries BC. The Spartan ...
French physician and librarian, considered the first important theoretician of modern library organization. His treatise, Advis pour dresser une bibliotheque (1627; Advice on Establishing a Library), was the first important ... [1 Related Articles]
Irish-born British playwright who is best remembered for a series of working-class comedies he wrote in the 1960s, most notably Alfie (1963; filmed 1966), an episodic, unsentimental tale of an ...
lake on the northeastern coastal plain of Mindoro, Philippines. It is the Philippines' fifth largest lake, with an area of 30 square miles (79 square km). The lake is 8.5 ...
(from the article "Naujan Lake") ...largest lake, with an area of 30 square miles (79 square km). The lake is 8.5 miles (14 km) long and 4 miles (6 km) wide and is a productive ...
(from the article "Eskimo-Aleut languages") ...includes five languages: Central Alaskan Yupik, spoken southward from Norton Sound; Pacific Yupik, commonly called Alutiiq, spoken from the Alaska Peninsula eastward to Prince William Sound; Naukanski Siberian Yupik, whose ...
ancient Greek settlement in the Nile River delta, on the Canopic (western) branch of the river. An emporion ("trading station") with exclusive trading rights in Egypt, Naukratis was the centre ... [1 Related Articles]
in ancient Rome, a mimic sea battle and the specially constructed basin in which such a battle sometimes took place. These entertainments also took place in flooded amphitheatres. The opposing ...
political and social theorist, publicist, and reformer who became one of the most influential partisans of German liberalism combined with imperialism. [1 Related Articles]
city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies along the Saale River, near the mouth of the Unstrut River, southwest of Halle. Founded by the margraves of ...
chief town of the nomos (department) of Argolis, in the Peloponnese, Greece, at the head of the Gulf of Argolis. The port, southeast of Argos, sits on the north slope ...
(from the article "animal development") Larvae of very different kinds are found in many arthropods. In crustaceans the larva, called nauplius, does not differ substantially in mode of life or means of locomotion from the ...
(from the article "jewelry") ...as many as several dozen. Some necklaces were made of a combination of precious stones and pearls, while others were made of amulets in various shapes. A very early type ...
island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of a raised coral island located in southeastern Micronesia, 25 miles (40 km) south of the Equator. The island is about ... [24 Related Articles]
national flag consisting of a blue field with a single horizontal yellow stripe and a white star in the lower hoist corner. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
(from the article "Micronesian languages") In addition, two Micronesian languages, Yapese and Nauruan, are of uncertain relation to the Nuclear Micronesian group. Nuclear Micronesian languages are similar in phonology and close enough in structure to ...
prehistoric grave found in the Balearic Isles. The naus was built of closely fitting blocks of stone in the shape of an overturned boat with a rounded stern and a ... [1 Related Articles]
(from Greek nausia, "seasickness"), feeling of discomfort in the pit of the stomach that is associated with a revulsion for food and an expectation that vomiting will ... [5 Related Articles]
any member of an Algonquian-speaking Native North American tribe that occupied most of what is now Cape Cod, in Massachusetts. The Nauset probably came into contact with Europeans at an ... [1 Related Articles]
Indian motion-picture composer and music director (b. Dec. 25, 1919, Lucknow, British India-d. May 5, 2006, Mumbai [Bombay], India), was credited with the introduction of an elegant new style of ...
(from the article "India") ...materials suggesting a substantial shell-working industry have been found at Balakot. Not far from Mehrgarh, at the head of the Kacchi desert region in Balochistan, the small settlement of Naushahro ...
(from the article "Epicurus") ...been the Platonist Pamphilus of Samos. Much more significant, however, is the report that Epicurus was for three years (327-324) a student in the Ionian city of Teos, where his ...
(from the article "South Asian arts") ...or to mark the climax of a song. The yaksagana hero gives a brisk dance number to announce his entry. In many folk forms of opera (bhavai, terukkuttu, and nautanki), ...
(from the article "map") Nautical charts are commonly large, 28 by 40 inches (70 centimetres by 1 metre) being an internationally accepted maximum size. In order that a navigator may work with them efficiently, ...
(from the article "British Imperial and U.S. Customary systems of weights and measures") A nautical mile was originally defined as the length on the Earth's surface of one minute (160 of a degree) of arc along a meridian (north-south line of longitude). Because ...
(from the article "cephalopod") ...jaws (or beak); body usually somewhat streamlined; eyes highly developed, most closely resembling in acuity those of some vertebrates; about 650 living species.Cambrian to present; now living only ...
(from the article "mollusk") ...forms) of 1 cm to 8 m (+14 m arms) in size; basically pelagic marine carnivores from the surface to 5,400 m depth or benthic to 8,100 m; 4 subclasses ...
either of two genera of cephalopod mollusks: the pearly, or chambered, nautilus (Nautilus), to which the name properly applies; and the paper nautilus (Argonauta), a cosmopolitan genus related to the ... [7 Related Articles]
any of at least three historic submarines (including the world's first nuclear-powered vessel) and a fourth submarine famous in science fiction. [6 Related Articles]
city, Hancock county, western Illinois, U.S. It lies along the Mississippi River, about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Burlington, Iowa. The area was long inhabited by Sauk and Fox ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Indian philosophy") ...by Vardhamana (Gangesa's son), Paksadhara or Jayadeva (author of Aloka gloss), and Sankara Misra (author of Upaskara); and the Navadvipa school, whose chief representatives were Vasudeva Sarvabhauma (1450-1525), Raghunatha Siromani ...
city, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India, at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Jalangi rivers. The Bhagirathi River has shifted its course, cutting the city off from the rest ...
(from the article "rocket and missile system") The second postwar U.S. cruise missile effort was the Navaho, an intercontinental supersonic design. Unlike earlier efforts, which were extrapolated from V-1 engineering, the Navaho was based on the V-2; ...
(from the article "airport") The most common form of navaid used for the approach phase of aircraft descent is the instrument landing system (ILS). This is a radio signal that is beamed along the ...
the most populous of all North American Indian peoples in the United States, with some 300,000 individuals in the early 21st century, most of them living in New Mexico, Arizona, ... [28 Related Articles]
(from the article "Navajo") ...as an expression of a cultural ethic that emphasizes both personal competence and community. In maintaining these disparate traditions, the Navajo have been cultural innovators. For example, the Navajo code ...
North American Indian language of the Athabascan family, spoken by the Navajo people of Arizona and New Mexico and closely related to Apache. Navajo is a tone language, meaning that ... [5 Related Articles]
a complex of three prehistoric cliff dwellings near the town of Tonalea in northeastern Arizona, U.S. Located in the Navajo Reservation, the three sites-Betatakin (Navajo: "Ledge House"), Keet Seel ("Broken ...
(from the article "Earth Sciences") The dramatic red Navajo lsandstone cliffs of the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah contain many iron-rich concretions, some of which appear to be very similar to the small spherical gray ...
blankets and rugs made by the Navajo and thought to be some of the most colourful and best-made textiles produced by North American Indians. The Navajo, formerly a seminomadic tribe, ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "airplane") The demands placed on naval planes used on aircraft carriers require a heavier structure to withstand the stresses of catapult launches and landings abruptly terminated by arresting gear. Landing-gear mechanisms ...
(from the article "United States") ...in Congress and in the country at large. The army legislation of 1916 was a compromise, with Wilson obtaining only a modest increase in the army and a strengthening of ...
(from the article "ship") The design of ships employs many technologies and branches of engineering that also are found ashore, but the imperatives of effective and safe operation at sea require oversight from a ...
(from the article "logistics") ...nations established networks of coaling stations, which became part of the fabric of empire in the late 19th century. The shift to oil a few years before World War I ...
(from the article "brass") ...and zinc, added to improve physical and mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, or machinability or to modify colour. Among these are the lead brasses, which are more easily machined; the naval ...
(from the article "military unit") ...guidelines. Administratively, several ships of the same type (e.g., destroyers) are organized into a squadron. Several squadrons in turn form a flotilla, several of which in turn form a fleet. ...
(from the article "Central Intelligence Agency") ...for the collection of secret information for policy makers. Indeed, prior to 1942 the country lacked any civilian intelligence agency. Information was collected in an unsystematic way by the Office ...
