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National Redemption Council ... National Urban League

National Redemption Council: (from the article "Ghana") ...prices then obtained by cocoa on the world market, was slow to produce the results expected of it. In January 1972 impatient army officers intervened again, and the government was ...
National Reform Association: (from the article "Evans, George Henry") ...long as there was a "safety valve" (i.e., cheap farmland) to draw off excess workers. Believing that land policies could be changed through political action, Evans organized the National Reform ...
National Reform League: (from the article "O'Brien, James Bronterre") ...and working on the Northern Star (1838-40). He was one of the most important and influential Chartists at that movement's convention in 1839. In 1850 he was joint founder of ...
National Religious Party: (from the article "Israel") ...have to get renewed cabinet sanction for any actual removal of settlements and settlers. In the wake of this vote, the National Union Party (with seven seats in the Knesset) ...
National Renewal Alliance: (from the article "Brazil") ...but few of them gained much influence. In 1965 the military government, which had taken power the previous year, abolished all political parties and replaced them with a single government ...
National Reporter System: (from the article "law report") ...are almost invariably written by the court and are officially published. Late in the 19th century a private publishing concern began unofficial publication of all state and federal reports in ...
National Republican Association: (from the article "Paraguay") ...presidency. Paraguay's constitution prohibited members of the clergy from holding office. Lugo, a fierce critic of the government, was seen as posing a serious challenge to the corruption-riddled Colorado Party, ...
National Republican Party: U.S. political party formed after what had been the Republican (or Jeffersonian Republican) party split in 1825. The Jeffersonian Republicans had been the only national political party following the demise ... [4 Related Articles]
National Research Act: (from the article "Tuskegee syphilis study") ...in the Washington Star. A class-action suit against the federal government was settled out of court for $10 million in 1974. That same year the U.S. Congress ...
National Research Council: (from the article "National Academy of Sciences") In 1916 the academy established the National Research Council to coordinate the activities of various scientists and engineers in universities, industry, and government; the council issues many publications and awards ...
National Resistance Army: (from the article "Uganda") ...and exile in 1985 and to the seizure of power by an Acholi general, Tito Okello. This, however, could not prevent a victory for Museveni's force of southern fighters, who ...
National Resistance Council: (from the article "resistance") ...and in southern France (ruled by the puppet Vichy regime) other resistance groups were formed by former army officers, socialists, labour leaders, intellectuals, and others. In 1943 the clandestine National ...
National Resistance Movement: (from the article "Uganda") ...votes cast-mainly in the centre and west of the country-to Besigye's 37%-mainly in Kampala and the north. In the parliamentary elections the results were similar: the ruling National Resistance Movement ...
National Retired Teachers Association: (from the article "American Association of Retired Persons") ...was founded in 1958 by a retired teacher, Ethel Percy Andrus, with the goal of helping older Americans remain physically and intellectually active by serving others. In 1982 the AARP ...
National Review: biweekly magazine of news and opinion published in New York City, and the leading conservative journal in the United States. It was founded in 1955 by William F. Buckley, Jr. ... [1 Related Articles]
National Revival: (from the article "Rila Monastery") ...the accompanying cultural domination of Bulgaria by Greece, Rila again flourished, in part owing to its isolation from Ottoman power centres. In the 18th and 19th centuries Rila was a ...
National Revolutionary Council: (from the article "Burkina Faso") ...and installed Major Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo as president. The Ouedraogo government soon split into conservative and radical factions, with the radicals seizing power on August 4, 1983. They set up a ...
National Revolutionary Movement: (from the article "Bolivia") ...dissident groups finally began to organize themselves into powerful national opposition parties in the 1940s. The two most important of these were the middle-class and initially fascist-oriented Nationalist Revolutionary Movement ...
National Revolutionary Movement: (from the article "Congo") ...mass disapproval, general strikes, and lack of French support led to Youlou's ouster in 1963. His successor, Alphonse Massamba-Debat, shifted policies to the left, notably by founding the National Revolutionary ...
National Revolutionary Movement for Development: (from the article "Rwanda") ...of government. The president at the time, Juvenal Habyarimana, combined the roles of head of state and head of government with that of president of what was then the single ...
National Rifle Association: (from the article "National Rifle Association of America") ...activities in the second half of the 20th century was highly effective political lobbying against various legislative proposals for the control of firearms. The American NRA was modeled after the ...
National Rifle Association of America: governing organization for the sport of shooting with rifles and pistols, formed in the United States in 1871. By the early 1990s it claimed a membership of about 3 million ... [2 Related Articles]
National Roman Museum: in Rome, one of the world's greatest museums of ancient Greco-Roman art, founded in 1889 and housed in a monastery restored by Michelangelo on the site of the baths of ... [2 Related Articles]
National Route 66 Museum: (from the article "Elk City") ...is 5 miles (8 km) northwest, and the Washita National Wildlife Refuge and Foss Lake State Park are nearby. Old Town Museum at the city's western edge is a replica ...
National Salvation Front: (from the article "Romania") ...against Ceausescu organized by reform communists and disaffected elements of the Securitate and army. A loose coalition of groups opposed to Ceausescu quickly formed the National Salvation Front (NSF) to ...
National Salvation Party: (from the article "Turkey") Lacking a majority, the CHP formed a coalition with the National Salvation Party (NSP), founded in 1972 as a successor to the banned NOP and led by Necmettin Erbakan. The ...
National Schism: (from the article "Greece, history of") ...the early Venizelos years gave way to rancour and vindictiveness that was to poison the country's political life throughout World War I and the interwar period. Greece was riven by ...
National School of Administration: (from the article "employee training") ...and education. Full-scale training of civil servants began in many Western countries in the decades after World War II. The most important development was perhaps the founding in 1945 of ...
National School Order: (from the article "education") ...the outbreak of war in the Pacific in 1941, the education system underwent emergency "reforms." Elementary schools were renamed kokumingakko, or national schools, under the National School Order issued in ...
National Science Foundation: an independent agency of the U.S. government that supports basic research and education in a wide range of sciences and in mathematics and engineering. It was inspired by advances in ... [4 Related Articles]
National Science Foundation Network: (from the article "Internet") ...the University of Pittsburgh, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Illinois, and Cornell University. In the 1980s NSF also funded the development and operation of the NSFNET, ...
National Science Museum: museum in Tokyo, founded in 1872, concerned with the history of the physical sciences, natural history, and technology. The collections include models of Japanese flora in wax and other materials, ...
national seashore: in the United States, any of a number of coastal areas reserved by the federal government for recreational use by the public. Cape Hatteras in North Carolina was established as ...
national security: (from the article "Security vs. Civil Liberties") Technology was at the forefront of international efforts to fight terrorism and bolster security in 2002 in the wake of the terrorist attacks in the U.S. on Sept. 11, 2001. ...
National Security Act: (from the article "National Security Council") U.S. agency within the Executive Office of the President, established by the National Security Act in 1947 to advise the president on domestic, foreign, and military policies related to national ...
National Security Agency: U.S. intelligence agency within the Department of Defense that is responsible for cryptographic and communications intelligence and security. The NSA grew out of the communications intelligence activities of U.S. military ... [4 Related Articles]
National Security Bureau: (from the article "intelligence") As part of its democratization process at the end of the 20th century, the government of Taiwan took major steps to reform its intelligence services. The once-covert National Security Bureau, ...
National Security Council: (from the article "Musharraf, Pervez") ...government. Although he was generally considered to hold moderate views and promised an eventual return to civilian rule, Musharraf suspended the constitution and dissolved parliament. He formed the National Security ...
National Security Council: (from the article "Turkey") ...third army intervention in 20 years, was generally supported by the public. The leading politicians were arrested, and parliament, political parties, and trade unions were dissolved. A five-member National Security ...
National Security Council: U.S. agency within the Executive Office of the President, established by the National Security Act in 1947 to advise the president on domestic, foreign, and military policies related to national ... [4 Related Articles]
National Security Strategy of the United States of America: (from the article "Bush, George W.") In September 2002 the administration announced a new National Security Strategy of the United States of America. It was notable for its declaration that the United States would act "preemptively," ...
National Service Act: (from the article "international relations") ...Within 18 months Anderson organized the most centralized and complete war mobilization of any nation. It included controls on trade, foreign exchange, wages and prices, and raw materials. The National ...
National Severe Storms Forecasting Center: (from the article "weather forecasting") Because tornadoes are so uniquely life-threatening and because they are so common in various regions of the United States, the National Weather Service operates a National Severe Storms Forecasting Center ...
National Short Ballot Organization: (from the article "city manager") The council-manager plan was devised and first advocated in the United States by the National Short Ballot Organization, which proposed to improve local and state government by reducing the number ...
National Ski Patrol System of the United States: (from the article "ski patrol") ...first aid for injured skiers. Ski patrolmen are proficient skiers trained in first aid and cold weather rescue and survival techniques. One of the largest such organizations in the world ...
National Snow and Ice Data Center: (from the article "Arctic Regions") ...Kenai Fjords National Park had receded 300 m (1 m = 3.28 ft) in the past 10 years, while Muir Glacier in Glacier Bay had retreated eight kilometres in the ...
National Soccer League: (from the article "football (soccer)") ...tournaments, football became defined as an "ethnic game." As a result, teams from Melbourne and Sydney with distinctive Mediterranean connections were the most prominent members of the National Soccer League ...
National Social Conference: (from the article "Prarthana Samaj") ...Its members were instrumental in the organization of other important social-reform movements that arose at the turn of the century, including the Depressed Classes Mission Society of India and the ...
National Social Insurance Institute: (from the article "Italy") ...benefits in the case of accident, illness, disability, or unemployment, and provide assistance for the elderly. The largest of these agencies, which administers a wide range of benefits, is the ...
National Social Union: (from the article "Naumann, Friedrich") ...shaped the journal Die Hilfe ("Assistance") into a forum for his ideas. Later, under the influence of the young sociologist Max Weber, Naumann founded the National Social ...
National Socialism: totalitarian movement led by Adolf Hitler as head of the Nazi Party in Germany. In its intense nationalism, mass appeal, and dictatorial rule, National Socialism shared many elements with Italian ... [31 Related Articles]
National Socialist Party: (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...attracted by the Social Democrats and voted for their candidates. Vaclav Klofac, a talented journalist, after several years of cooperation with the Young Czechs, founded the National Socialist Party. The ...
National Space Development Agency: (from the article "space exploration") ...launch them, and it launched Japan's first satellite, Osumi, in 1970. In 1981 oversight of ISAS was transferred to the Japanese Ministry of Education. In 1969 the Japanese government founded ...
National Steel Corporation: (from the article "National Steel Corporation") U.S. iron- and steel-making company that in 1983 became a subsidiary of National Intergroup, Inc. (q.v.).National Intergroup, Inc.National Intergroup, Inc.American ...
National Symphony Orchestra: American symphony orchestra based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1931 by Hans Kindler, who served as its first music director (1931-49). Subsequent directors have been Howard Mitchell (1949-69), ... [1 Related Articles]
National Symphony Orchestra: (from the article "Mexico") ...local fiestas. To encourage and help disseminate Mexican art in all its forms, the federal government sponsors the National Institute of Fine Arts. Under its auspices are the programs of ...
National System of Education: (from the article "Mozambique") The National System of Education, implemented in the early 1980s, created programs for people of all ages, part-time as well as full-time students, to improve both literacy and technical education. ...
National Television Systems Committee: (from the article "television systems of the world") In 1952 the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) was reformed, this time with the purpose of creating an "industry color system." The NTSC system that was demonstrated to the press ...
National Tennis League: (from the article "tennis") ...but proposals were always defeated by conservative elements within the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF-later the ITF). In 1967, however, two new professional groups were formed: the National Tennis League, ...
National Theatre: (from the article "Mannheim") ...flourishing cultural centre, with a school for conductors, violinists, and composers, an art gallery, and an academy of sciences. In 1778 the court moved to Munich. In that same year ...
National Theatre: (from the article "Erkel, Ferenc") In 1838 he became the first conductor of the newly opened Hungarian Theatre of Pest (from 1840 the National Theatre). There he worked to develop Hungarian-language operatic performance with the ...
National Theatre: (from the article "Kabuki") At present, regular performances are held at the Kabuki Theatre (Kabuki-za)-with a capacity of 1,600-and the National Theatre, both in Tokyo. Other theatres have occasional performances. Troupes of Kabuki actors ...
National Theatre: (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...Dramatic Association of Korea. Many groups survived the war with Japan by touring small towns and villages. Performances lagged immediately after World War II because of unsettled conditions. A new ...
National Theatre: (from the article "Iceland") The National Theatre began operation in 1950. It performs Icelandic as well as foreign classical and modern plays, operas, ballets, and musicals. The Reykjavik Theatre is the other full-time professional ...
National Theatre of Dona Maria II: (from the article "Lisbon") Lisbon's municipal orchestra was founded in 1971. The city is also the site of the National Conservatory, which offers advanced instruction in both music and drama. The St. Charles and ...
National Theatre of Scotland: (from the article "Performing Arts") ...St. Edmunds and the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry. David Greig was the most prominent playwright of the Edinburgh Festival; he had a new play, Damascus, at the Traverse Theatre and, ...
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act: (from the article "Nader, Ralph") ...auto industry in general for its unsafe products and attacked General Motors' (GM's) Corvair automobile in particular. The book became a best-seller and led directly to the passage of the ...
National Transcontinental Railway: (from the article "railroad") ...line from Moncton, N.B., near the ports of Halifax and Saint John, passing through mainly timbered land to the south bank of the St. Lawrence River at Levis opposite Quebec ...
National Transitional Council: (from the article "Central African Republic") The National Transitional Council (CNT) met in June and again in August to discuss proposed constitutional reform and electoral procedures. On September 3, seven opposition parties denounced both the constitution ...
National Transitional Council: (from the article "Guinea-Bissau") ...and Cape Verde, which led the country for a quarter century after independence, gained the most seats, with former president Kumba Iala's Social Renewal Party finishing second. The National Transitional ...
National Transitional Government: (from the article "Liberia") ...considerable political unrest and violence precluded any stable leadership in power from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s. A power-sharing agreement in 2003 largely ended the fighting and created a ...
national treatment of nontariff restrictions clause: (from the article "trade agreement") A "national treatment of nontariff restrictions" clause is necessary because most of the properties of tariffs can be easily duplicated with an appropriately designed set of nontariff restrictions. These can ...
National Trust: British organization founded in 1895 and incorporated by the National Trust Act (1907) for the purpose of promoting the preservation of-and public access to-buildings of historic or architectural interest and ... [1 Related Articles]
National Trust for Historic Preservation: (from the article "art conservation and restoration") ...of its properties. The trust receives no direct government subsidy and relies upon careful economic management, although certain legal preferences operate in its favour. In the United States the National ...
National Trust of Australia: (from the article "New South Wales") ...bicentennial of the first white settlement in Australia at Sydney Cove in 1788 reinforced a concern with things past. There is a strong movement for historical preservation, served by the ...
National Union: (from the article "fascism") ...became fascist after 1936); the Party of Free Believers (Elefterofronoi) in Greece, led by Ioannis Metaxas; the Ustasa ("Insurgence") in Croatia, led by Ante Pavelic; the National Union (Nasjonal Samling) ...
National Union: (from the article "Rhodes, Cecil") There was already talk of using force to remedy the grievances of the Uitlanders in the Transvaal. The Uitlanders formed a National Union to support their cause, with Rhodes's brother ...
National Union Catalog: (from the article "library") ...the printed catalog cards, and MARC (see below Technical services: Cataloging), the library's practices are widely followed. Its last great printed product was the 754-volume National Union ...
National Union Convention: (from the article "United States") The president, the Northern Democrats, and the Southern whites spurned this Republican plan of Reconstruction. Johnson tried to organize his own political party in the National Union Convention, which met ...
National Union for Democracy: (from the article "Cameroon") ...in 1985. After much political unrest and many violent clashes, a constitutional amendment in 1990 established a multiparty system; main opposition groups included the Social Democratic Front, the National Union ...
National Union for Hope: (from the article "Guatemala") Alvaro Colom of the centre-left National Union for Hope (UNE) on Nov. 4, 2007, won the presidency of Guatemala in a runoff election, defeating retired general Otto Perez Molina of ...
National Union of Ethical Citizens: (from the article "Paraguay") ...ruling Colorado Party took two seats, as did the main opposition party, the Authentic Radical Liberal Party, while a fifth seat went to Patria Querida. The latter seat was initially ...
National Union of Mineworkers: (from the article "United Kingdom") ...illegal, providing for fines, as well as allocation of union funds, for the violation of law, and taking measures for ending the closed shop. Finally, in 1984-85, she won a ...
National Union of Mineworkers: (from the article "South Africa") ...of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), which maintains a formal political alliance with the ANC and is a nonracial but mainly black body that includes the country's largest unions, among ...
National Union of Popular Forces: (from the article "Ben Barka, Mehdi") ...taught mathematics before he entered political life. He joined the Istiqlal Party, becoming speaker of the National Consultative Assembly, and in 1959 left the party to found the left-wing National ...
National Union of Public Employees: (from the article "UNISON") British labour union, an affiliate of the Trades Union Congress, the national organization of British trade unions. UNISON was created in 1993 through the merger of several unions, including the ...
National Union of South African Students: (from the article "Biko, Steve") ...enrolled in and graduated (1966) from St. Francis College, a liberal boarding school in Natal, and then entered the University of Natal Medical School. There he became involved in the ...
National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies: (from the article "Mill, John Stuart") ...after his short parliamentary career. In 1867 he had been one of the founders, with Mrs. P.A. Taylor, Emily Davies, and others, of the first women's suffrage society, which developed ...
National Union Party: (from the article "Israel") Undeterred, Sharon pressed ahead, winning government approval in a vote on June 7 after firing two ministers from the hawkish National Union Party and agreeing to accept an ostensibly modified ...
National Unionist Party: (from the article "Sudan, history of the") ...he personally remained aloof from politics, Sayyid 'Ali threw his support to Azhari. The competition between the Azhari-Khatmiyyah faction-remodeled in 1951 as the National Unionist Party (NUP)-and the Ummah-Mahdist group ...
National United Party: (from the article "Vanuatu") ...a snap election in July 2004 rather than face a no-confidence vote in Parliament. He was defeated at the polls, and former prime minister Serge Vohor of the Union of ...
National Unity Committee: (from the article "Turkey") From the outset a clear division existed between the officers who carried out the coup. One group, consisting predominantly of younger officers, believed that, to restore national unity and carry ...
national unity government: (from the article "Israel") ...the Likud in the 1984 election, but not by a margin sufficient to form a government. To rescue the economy and extricate Israel from its military entanglement in Lebanon, Labour ...
National Unity Party: (from the article "Cyprus") ...Among them are the Movement of Social Democrats EDEK (Kinima Sosialdimokraton EDEK) and the Democratic Rally (Dimokratikos Synagermos). In the Turkish Cypriot zone the major parties include the National Unity ...
National Unity Party: (from the article "Myanmar") ...elected its own secretary and its own chairman, who was ex officio president of the country. The secretary and the president were also, respectively, the secretary-general and the chairman of ...
National Unity, Party of: (from the article "Kibaki, Mwai") In preparation for the December 2007 elections, Kibaki formed a new coalition, the Party of National Unity (PNU), which, surprisingly, included KANU. Several candidates stood in the presidential election, which ...
National University of Ireland: state-supported institution in Dublin, composed of three constituent and five recognized colleges, established in 1908 to foster Irish culture and values. [4 Related Articles]
National University of San Cristobal de Huamanga: (from the article "Ayacucho") ...independence from Spain. Many colonial buildings survive in the city. The seat of an archbishopric, it has a 17th-century cathedral and many churches and is known for its Holy Week ...
National University of Singapore: (from the article "Singapore") ...for higher education are determined by academic performance and usually involve two or three years of preuniversity instruction followed by enrollment at a university or technical college. The National University ...
National Urban Coalition: (from the article "Holman, M. Carl") American civil rights leader, president of the National Urban Coalition (1971-88), who promoted the need for a mutual partnership between industry and government to foster inner-city development.
National Urban League: American service agency founded for the purpose of eliminating racial segregation and discrimination and helping African Americans and other minorities to participate in all phases of American life. By the ... [2 Related Articles]