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National Museum: (from the article "Libraries and Museums") ...Munch masterpieces, The Scream and Madonna, from Oslo's Munch Museum showed that works were not always secure in the institutions themselves. Such worries did not stop the Sudanese National Museum ...
National Museum: (from the article "museums, history of") ...one of the earliest of these, also administers a museum of traditional buildings, while others have developed workshops where traditional crafts can be demonstrated. Crafts are also a feature of ...
National Museum of African Art: American museum of African art, part of the Smithsonian Institution, located on the Mall in Washington, D.C.
National Museum of Anthropology: in Mexico City, world-famous repository of some 600,000 art and other objects relating to Mexico. Many anthropological, ethnological, and archaeological materials in the collection date from the pre-Hispanic period. Exhibited ... [5 Related Articles]
National Museum of Antiquities: (from the article "Ravenna") Ravenna's National Museum of Antiquities, housed in the cloisters of the Church of San Vitale, has an important collection of classical and Early Christian antiquities, including inscriptions, icons, ceramics, ivories ...
National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru, The: museum in Lima, Peru, noted for its historical artifacts that showcase Peru's cultural history.
National Museum of Australia: (from the article "Australia") ...National Maritime Museum (opened 1991). The Melbourne Museum, which opened in 2000, is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and houses a diverse range of cultural and scientific exhibits. The ...
National Museum of Canada: (from the article "museums, history of") The middle of the 19th century saw the establishment of a number of other well-known museums. In Canada the collection of the National Museum commenced in 1843 in Montreal as ...
National Museum of Ceylon: (from the article "museums, history of") ...Peking (Beijing) and the Northern Territory Museum in Tientsin. The collections established in the Grand Palace at Bangkok in 1874 became, about 60 years later, the National Museum of Thailand. ...
National Museum of Denmark: (from the article "museums, history of") ...the three-part system of classifying prehistory into the Stone, Bronze, and Iron ages). This museum was merged with three others (of ethnography, antiquities, and numismatics) in 1892 to form the ...
National Museum of Fine Arts: national art collection, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, inherited from the Imperial Academy, later the Imperial Museum of Fine Arts. It was founded after the arrival of French artists in ...
National Museum of History: in Mexico City, an offshoot of the National Museum of Anthropology (founded 1825). In 1940 the National Historical Museum became a separate institution specializing in Mexican history from the Spanish ... [1 Related Articles]
National Museum of India: in New Delhi, museum devoted to Indian art history and iconography as well as to Buddhist studies. The museum was merged with the Asian Antiquities Museum to bring the treasures ...
National Museum of Iraq: museum of antiquities located in Baghdad, Iraq, featuring Iraqi art and artifacts dating from the Stone Age civilization of the Fertile Crescent to the Middle Ages. [2 Related Articles]
National Museum of Kenya: (from the article "museums, history of") ...national museums at Bulawayo and Harare (then known as Salisbury) were founded in 1901, the Uganda Museum originated in 1908 from collections assembled by the British District Commissioners, and the ...
National Museum of Korea: (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...the 19th century, when Korea was forced to enter into treaties with foreign governments. In 1900 a British architect, at the request of the Choson government, designed the renaissance revival ...
National Museum of Modern Art: museum in Tokyo devoted to important Japanese works of art of the 20th century. The collection covers works of past artists outstanding in the history of Japanese art; outstanding works ...
National Museum of Natural History: (from the article "museums, history of") ...its origin to a selection of paintings presented by John VI, exiled king of Portugal, was opened to the public in 1818. Among others were the National Museum, Bogota, Colom. ...
National Museum of Natural History: American museum of natural history, part of the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
National Museum of New Zealand: in Wellington, general museum of science and the natural history of New Zealand. A Maori section contains artifacts and carvings. The collections include relics of Captain James Cook, particularly the ...
National Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions: (from the article "museum, types of") ...of traditional life at the Nordic Museum, Stockholm. This was followed 18 years later by the first open-air museum, at Skansen. Museums of both types soon appeared in other countries. ...
National Museum of Thailand: (from the article "museums, history of") ...Museum of the History of China in Peking (Beijing) and the Northern Territory Museum in Tientsin. The collections established in the Grand Palace at Bangkok in 1874 became, about 60 ...
National Museum of the American Indian: Smithsonian Institution museum established by an act of Congress in 1989, with branches in New York City; Suitland, Maryland; and Washington, D.C. Permanent and temporary exhibits showcase the diverse heritage ... [2 Related Articles]
National Museum of the Marine Corps: (from the article "Libraries and Museums") ...parks and cinemas rather than the traditional historical museum; a highlight of the visitor centre was an action-adventure movie that reenacted heroic moments in Washington's life. The state's new National ...
National Museum of Victoria: (from the article "museums, history of") ...commenced in 1843 in Montreal as part of the Geological Survey, while the precursor of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the Ontario Provincial Museum, was founded in 1855. In ...
National Museum of Wales: (from the article "Wales") ...of virtually all books published in the United Kingdom. It is also the main Welsh reference library and a repository of documents and manuscripts relating to Wales from the earliest ...
National Museum of Western Art: Japanese national collection of European art, located in Ueno Park, Tokyo. The museum building, designed by Le Corbusier, was opened in 1959, and an annex by Maekawa Kunio was added ...
National Museums and Monuments Commission: (from the article "museums, history of") ...islands to establish small museums. Several African states also have given high priority to the provision of museums. Museums have been established in the principal cities of Nigeria by its ...
National Museums of Berlin: a network of state-run museums in Berlin, Ger., each specializing in a separate subject.
National Museums of Scotland: (from the article "Edinburgh") ...are the Scottish National Portrait Gallery (one of the first such in the world) and the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, which has a good collection of French Impressionist ...
National Negro Labor Council: (from the article "Young, Coleman") ...American flying unit in the U.S. military. Near the end of his service, he was briefly imprisoned for trying to desegregate an officers' club. After returning to Detroit, he helped ...
national nomistic religion: (from the article "religions, classification of") Ethical religions fall into two subcategories. First are the national nomistic (legal) religions that are particularistic, limited to the horizon of one people only and based upon a sacred law ...
National Ocean Service: (from the article "map") In other countries, such as the United States, where defense considerations were not paramount, civilian organizations-e.g., the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Ocean Service (originally Survey)-were assigned responsibility for ...
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration: (from the article "Earth Sciences") In research news concerning climate change in the United States, a study by Martin Hoerling and colleagues from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, Colo., ...
national Olympic committee: (from the article "Olympic Games") Each country that desires to participate in the Olympic Games must have a national Olympic committee accepted by the IOC. By the early 21st century, there were more than 200 ...
National Operative Builders Union: (from the article "Owen, Robert") ...and eventually all industry might be organized by these bodies. Owen and his followers carried on ardent propaganda all over the country, and this effort resulted in the transformation of ...
National Opposition Union: (from the article "Sandinista") ...election that was widely criticized for its lack of safeguards for opposition parties. In 1990, however, the Nicaraguan populace, weary of war and economic depression, voted for the 14 parties ...
National Orchestra of India: (from the article "Shankar, Ravi") Indian musician, player of the sitar, composer, and founder of the National Orchestra of India, influential in stimulating Western appreciation of Indian music.
National Organization for Public Health Nursing: (from the article "Wald, Lillian D.") In 1912 Wald's role as founder of an entirely new profession was formally acknowledged when she helped found and became first president of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. ...
National Organization for Women: American activist organization (founded 1966) that promotes equal rights for women. [4 Related Articles]
National Organization of Coloured Graduate Nurses: (from the article "nursing") Other important changes in nursing occurred during the latter half of the 20th century. The profession grew more diverse. For example, in the United States, the National Organization of Coloured ...
National Organization of the Rural Sector: (from the article "Senegal") The intervention of the state occurred during the colonial era but became more prevalent after independence with the creation of the National Organization of the Rural Sector. The organization, the ...
National P'ing-tung Polytechnic Institute: (from the article "P'ing-tung") ...city with the cities of T'ai-tung to the east and Kao-hsiung to the west; the city is connected by highway with O-luan-pi on the southern tip of the island. P'ing-tung ...
National Packing Company: (from the article "Swift, Gustavus Franklin") In 1902, with J.O. Armour and Edward Morris, he formed the National Packing Company-the "Beef Trust"-a combination subsequently dissolved by the U.S. Supreme Court (1905).
National Pact: (from the article "Lebanon") ...parliamentary blocs, and pressure groups were so closely identified with parochial, communal, and personal loyalties that they often failed to serve the larger national purpose of the society. The National ...
National Pact: (from the article "Defense of Rights, Associations for the") In December the associations controlled the elections, and the resultant parliament adopted a resolution (Jan. 28, 1920) accepting the goals that had been formulated as the National Pact at the ...
National Palace: (from the article "Mafra") town, west-central Portugal. It lies near the Atlantic Ocean, 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Lisbon. It is noted primarily for the National Palace (also containing a church and monastery), ...
National Palace: (from the article "Mexico City") Scattered throughout the city are headquarters and offices for all of the federal executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The president's official seat of power is the National Palace, ...
National Palace Museum: major art museum of China, at Taipei, that preserves many of the art holdings of the Chinese imperial collection. The museum houses more than 650,000 art objects and documents that ... [3 Related Articles]
national park: an area set aside by a national government for the preservation of the natural environment. A national park may be set aside for purposes of public recreation and enjoyment or ... [4 Related Articles]
National Park Service: (from the article "national monument") ...the American Antiquities Act passed earlier that year. Many more were added during the next few years. Their jurisdiction, originally assigned to several agencies, was unified in 1933 under the ...
National Party: an Australian political party that for most of its history has held office as a result of its customary alliance with the Liberal Party of Australia (q.v.). It often acted ... [11 Related Articles]
National Party: South African political party, founded in 1914, which ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. Its following included most of the Dutch-descended Afrikaners and many English-speaking whites. The National Party ... [15 Related Articles]
National Party: (from the article "Turkey") ...until 1963. A far-reaching land-redistribution measure was passed in 1945, although little was done to implement it before 1950. Other political parties were established, including the conservative National Party (1948); ...
National Party: (from the article "'Abbas II") ...nationalists demanded constitutional government for Egypt, however, 'Abbas, now reconciled with the British, rejected their demands. The following year he agreed to the formation of the National Party, headed by ...
National Party: (from the article "Bangladesh") ...and took over as chief martial-law administrator. In December 1983 he assumed the office of president. To validate his authority he called elections for a National Assembly, and he formed ...
National Party: (from the article "Chile") ...the right-wing parties were so weakened that their electoral strength was practically cut in half in the 1965 elections; in order to remain on the political scene, they joined together ...
National Party: (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...to which the electoral system granted a strong position in the provincial diets and in the parliament. But this alliance was exploited by Rieger's progressive opponents. Differentiation within the National ...
National Party of Nigeria: (from the article "Ojukwu, Odumegwu") Ojukwu remained in Cote d'Ivoire until 1982, when he was pardoned and returned to Nigeria. He joined the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) in January 1983 and subsequently attempted to ...
National Patriotic Front of Liberia: (from the article "Taylor, Charles Ghankay") ...nearly $1 million, and the following year Taylor fled to the United States, where he was jailed. Before he could be extradited, he escaped and subsequently appeared in Libya, where ...
National Peacekeeping Council: (from the article "Thailand") In February 1991 Chatichai's government, already criticized for rampant corruption, went too far in challenging the military and was toppled by a junta calling itself the National Peacekeeping Council. Although ...
National Peasant Confederation: (from the article "Cardenas, Lazaro") ...the peasants who had received land under the reform could borrow money. In an effort to provide a political base for the land-redistribution program, he organized all of its beneficiaries ...
National Peasant Party: (from the article "Maniu, Iuliu") From 1926 he headed the National Peasant Party, created in that year by the fusion of his Transylvanian National Party with the Peasant Party of Ion Mihalache. Between November 1928 ...
National People's Assembly: (from the article "Algeria") Once the government is in place, the head of government presents draft legislation, which is debated first in the country's lower house, the National People's Assembly (Majlis al-Sha'bi al-Watani), deputies ...
National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau: (from the article "Guinea-Bissau") In March 2004 more than 100 international observers watched as 12 political parties and three coalitions contested 102 seats in the National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau, fulfilling a promise-made when ...
National People's Congress: (from the article "China") In China the notable political events of 2007 were the holding of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 10th National People's Congress in March and the 17th National Congress of ...
National People's Party: (from the article "Europe, history of") ...groups were like-minded enough to form a coalition and powerful enough-for the present-to dominate the new republic. Their rivals on the right were the old conservatives (now called the National ...
National Petroleum Council: (from the article "Petrobras") ...in 1953 as a government-owned monopoly to prospect, extract, and refine domestic petroleum and to transport that oil and its derivatives. Petrobras is an operating company overseen by the National ...
National Phonetic Alphabet: (from the article "Pinyin romanization") National script reform began in 1913 with the creation of the National Phonetic Alphabet based on Chinese characters. Several attempts were made in the 1920s and '30s to devise and ...
National Physical Laboratory: (from the article "Turing, Alan M.") In 1945, the war being over, Turing was recruited to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London to design and develop an electronic computer. His design for the Automatic Computing ...
National Plastic and Carton Company: (from the article "Jamaame") ...Bananas, the major crop, are exported through Kismaayo (Chisimayu), a port located 35 miles (56 km) to the south. Cotton, peanuts (groundnuts), and corn (maize) are also grown in the ...
national policy: (from the article "strategy") ...and (3) strategy, or the broad comprehensive harmonizing of operations with political purposes. Sometimes a fourth type is cited, known as grand strategy, which encompasses the coordination of all state ...
National Political Reforms Conference: (from the article "Nigeria") ...2005 was critical for Pres. Olusegun Obasanjo's government as it sought to push through its reform program before the national focus turned to the 2007 electoral campaign. From February to ...
National Portrait Gallery: museum in London that houses the national collection of portraits of British men and women. It is located adjacent to the National Gallery, north of Trafalgar Square, in Westminster. [2 Related Articles]
National Portrait Gallery: American gallery dedicated to portraiture of Americans. It is part of the Smithsonian Institution, located in Washington, D.C. [1 Related Articles]
National Postal Museum: philatelic museum and research centre in the City of London. It is located in a section of London's General Post Office, next to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. The museum opened in ...
National Preparatory School: (from the article "Orozco, Jose Clemente") ...Obregon was eager to sponsor his work, and, along with his colleagues Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and others, he was commissioned to paint murals (1923-27) on the walls of ...
National Press Club: (from the article "Thomas, Helen") ...woman to hold such a position for a wire service. This was one of a number of firsts for Thomas as a woman reporter, starting in 1959 when she and ...
National Primitive Baptist Convention, Inc.: association of independent black Baptist churches in the United States that were joined in a national convention in 1907. The convention developed from black congregations formed after the American Civil ...
National Prisoner of War Memorial Museum: (from the article "Andersonville") ...including those of prisoners who died at the camp. The National Park Service has conducted archaeological excavations at the site, and a portion of the stockade wall has been reconstructed. ...
National Progressive Front: (from the article "Iraq") ...by enlisting the support of other political parties. Since the March Manifesto had established a basis for settling the Kurdish problem, Kurdish political parties were willing to participate in the ...
National Progressive Front: (from the article "Syria") ...and charged that the authorities were encouraging voters to support lists of nominally independent Kurdish candidates in an effort to undercut the opposition. In the end the 10 parties of ...
National Progressive Party: (from the article "Montserrat") The newly formed National Progressive Party took over the government in 1991, but in 1996, in the midst of the volcano crisis, it won only one legislative seat. A weak ...
National Prohibition Party: (from the article "Saint John, John") ...reelection in 1880, he was denied a third term in 1882. St. John then extended his campaign for prohibition to the national level and, in 1884, was nominated as the ...
National Prosecuting Authority: (from the article "South Africa") In response, Mbeki proposed an internal ANC commission to investigate the charges, but this was rejected by the SACP and COSATU. In the same month, the investigative arm of the ...
National Protection Society: (from the article "China") ...for the Study of National Strengthening. Though this association was soon closed down, many study societies were created in Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, and other provinces. In April 1898 the ...
National Public Radio: the public radio network of the United States. Based in Washington, D.C., NPR offers a broad range of high-quality news and cultural programming to local public radio stations. [3 Related Articles]
National Public Service Law: (from the article "public administration") After World War II the Allied occupation authorities directed the passage of a Japanese law guaranteeing that all public officials should be servants of the people rather than of the ...
National Quotation Bureau: (from the article "security") In the United States, the over-the-counter market includes most federal, state, and municipal issues as well as a large variety of corporate stocks and bonds. The National Quotation Bureau, which ...
National Radical Camp: (from the article "Poland") ...Camp of National Unity. The peasant parties (now united); the increasingly chauvinist National Party (as the National Democrats were by then known), with its fascist splinter party, the National Radical ...
National Radical Union: (from the article "Karamanlis, Konstantinos") Karamanlis formed not only his government but also his own party, the National Radical Union (ERE), which in parliamentary elections in February 1956 obtained 161 seats out of 300. He ...
National Radio and Television Organizations of Africa, Union of: (from the article "broadcasting") ...includes Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines, as well as Iran, Turkey, Egypt, and most of the non-Communist countries of Asia; its headquarters are in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The ...
National Radio Astronomy Observatory: the national radio observatory of the United States. It is funded by the National Science Foundation and is managed by Associated Universities, Inc., a consortium of nine leading private universities. ... [5 Related Articles]
National Radio Quiet Zone: (from the article "telescope") ...2,004 surface panels that make up the parabolic surface is held in place by computer-controlled actuators that keep the surface accurate to a few tenths of a millimetre. The GBT ...
National Rainbow Coalition: (from the article "Jackson, Jesse") ...Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity), a Chicago-based organization in which he advocated black self-help and achieved a broad audience for his liberal views. In 1984 he established the ...
National Rainbow Coalition: (from the article "Kenya") ...would not run again for the presidency, and Uhuru Kenyatta, son of Jomo Kenyatta, was chosen to be KANU's presidential candidate. Kibaki, this time representing a coalition of opposition groups ...
National Rebirth: (from the article "Armenia") ...amendments. Former prime minister Aram Sarkisyan's Republic Party continued its parliament boycott; seven prominent members of that party defected in early September and later founded a new party, National Rebirth. ...
National Reclamation Act: (from the article "Phoenix") ...water supply. They formed the Salt River Valley Water Users' Association to lobby for the creation of a large-scale project to control the flow of the river and harness its ...
National Reconciliation Commission: (from the article "Ghana") On Feb. 12, 2004, former president Jerry Rawlings gave evidence to the Ghanaian National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) about his alleged role in the 1982 murders of three High Court judges ...
National Reconnaissance Office: (from the article "space exploration") Eisenhower also decided to create a separate organization to manage the secret reconnaissance satellite program. This effort resulted in the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), jointly directed by the Department of ...
National Recovery Administration: U.S. government agency established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to stimulate business recovery through fair-practice codes during the Great Depression. The NRA was an essential element in the National Industrial ... [5 Related Articles]