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1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane ... 9to5, National Association of Working Women
1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane
(from the article "tetrachloroethane") ...and tetrachloroethylene; it has minor uses as a solvent and as an insecticide, particularly against the greenhouse white fly. It is made by the reaction of acetylene and chlorine. The ...
1,1,1-trichloroethane
(from the article "trichloroethane") One isomer, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, was used as a solvent for cleaning and degreasing metal and electronic machinery. It was also used as a coolant and in the manufacture of other chemicals ...
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
(from the article "tetrachloroethane") either of two isomeric colourless, dense, water-insoluble liquids belonging to the family of organic halogen compounds. One isomer, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, also called acetylene tetrachloride, is highly toxic. Almost the entire production ...
1,1,2-trichloroethane
(from the article "trichloroethane") ...and electronic machinery. It was also used as a coolant and in the manufacture of other chemicals and products, including insecticides and household cleaners. It was produced by the reaction ...
1,1-dichloroethane
(from the article "organohalogen compound") Vinylic halides resemble alkenes in that they undergo addition to their double bond. An example is the addition of hydrogen chloride to vinyl chloride to yield 1,1-dichloroethane. The product is ...
1,2-dimethylcyclopropane
(from the article "hydrocarbon") ...a type of isomerism called stereoisomerism in which two substances have the same molecular formula and the same constitution but differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Methyl ...
1,2-dithiete
(from the article "organosulfur compound") ...Some cyclic disulfides and polysulfides can be prepared by reaction of elemental sulfur with unsaturated compounds; for example, the reaction of acetylene with sulfur yields a 1,2-dithiete, a four-membered ring ...
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
(from the article "renal system") ...and blood pressure; erythropoietin, which is important for the formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells, especially in response to anemia or deficiency of oxygen reaching the body tissues; and ...
1,3-diphosphoglycerate
(from the article "metabolism") ...in glycolysis. It is during this step that the energy liberated during oxidation of the aldehyde group (&singlehorzbond;CHO) is conserved in the form of a high-energy phosphate compound; namely, as ...
1,3-dithiane
(from the article "organosulfur compound") Of particular value in this type of reaction is the 2-lithio derivative of the cyclic bis-sulfide 1,3-dithiane, widely used in the synthesis of ketones and aldehydes (the ...
1-bromobutane
(from the article "organohalogen compound") The first is the reaction of an alcohol with a hydrogen halide, as in the following synthesis of 1-bromobutane.
1-butene
(from the article "Boiling points of alkenes and alkynes") any of four isomeric compounds belonging to the series of olefinic hydrocarbons. The chemical formula is C4H8. The isomeric forms are 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutylene. All four butenes are ...
1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
(from the article "organohalogen compound") ...synthetic reaction only when the aryl halide bears a strongly electron-attracting substituent, such as a nitro group NO2, at a position ortho or para to the halogen, as in 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene:
10-speed
(from the article "bicycle") ...and long handlebars. By 1968 they made up about 75 percent of U.S. bicycle sales, and 20 million teenagers owned high-rise bicycles. Upon outgrowing them, however, the young consumers switched ...
100-metre race
(from the article "athletics") The current record holder at 100 metres generally is considered to be "the fastest human." Holding that title have been such champions as Eddie Tolan, Jesse Owens, Bobby Morrow, Bob ...
100-year flood
(from the article "flood") A flood of such magnitude that it might be expected to occur only once in 100 years is called a 100-year flood. The magnitudes of 100-, 500-, and 1,000-year floods ...
1054, Schism of
event that precipitated the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches (led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius) and the Western Church (led by Pope Leo IX). The mutual ... [9 Related Articles]
11-cis-retinaldehyde
(from the article "rod") Rhodopsin is made up of a protein called opsin and a photosensitive chemical derived from vitamin A, 11-cis-retinaldehyde. Photons of light entering the eye cause the 11-cis-retinaldehyde to undergo isomerization ...
12 Hours of Sebring
(from the article "Sports and Games") ...Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance, with Rinaldo Capello, Allan McNish, and seven-time winner Tom Kristensen in third place. In American Le Mans racing, Capello, McNish, and Kristensen captured the 54th ...
12 lu
(from the article "lu pipes") ...musical instruments constructed for tuning purposes. To establish pitches, 12 bamboo pipes, closed at one end, were cut into graduated lengths. When blown across their open ends, they produced the ...
12, Council of
(from the article "Berry, Jean de France, duc de") ...(Sept. 16, 1380). Acting as a member of the regency council of young Charles VI from 1380 to 1388, he shared royal powers while Charles was too young to rule. ...
12-tone music
large body of music, written roughly since World War I, that uses the so-called 12-tone method or technique of composition. The Austrian-born composer Arnold Schoenberg is credited with the invention ... [9 Related Articles]
1229, treaty of
(from the article "Crusades") The treaty of 1229 is unique in the history of the Crusades. By diplomacy alone and without major military confrontation, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and a corridor running to the sea were ...
13 balls, problem of the
(from the article "combinatorics") ...not overlapping it or each other. One such arrangement may be obtained by placing the 12 surrounding balls at the midpoints of edges of a suitable cube that encloses the ...
13-lined ground squirrel
(from the article "ground squirrel") Spermophilus species hibernate deeply during winter months. The body temperature of the 13-lined ground squirrel (S. tridecemlineatus) of central North America drops from 37 °C (98.6 °F) to 1 to ...
13-year cicada
(from the article "cicada") ...and others) that appears yearly in midsummer, there are also periodic cicadas. Among the most fascinating and best-known are the 17-year cicada (often erroneously called the 17-year locust) and the ...
13th Floor Elevators
(from the article "psychedelic rock") ...Airplane, the last of which featured the striking vocals of Grace Slick and scored Top Ten hit singles in 1967 with "Somebody to Love" and "White Rabbit." Meanwhile, the 13th ...
14 Frimaire Year II, Law of
(from the article "France") The Convention consolidated its revolutionary government in the Law of 14 Frimaire, year II (December 4, 1793). To organize the Revolution, to promote confidence and compliance, efficiency and control, this ...
14.1
(from the article "balkline billiards") Principal varieties of balkline billiards are 18.1 and 18.2-requiring lines 18 inches from the cushions and allowing one and two shots, respectively, within a balk-and 14.1 and 14.2, with 14-in ...
14.2
(from the article "balkline billiards") Principal varieties of balkline billiards are 18.1 and 18.2-requiring lines 18 inches from the cushions and allowing one and two shots, respectively, within a balk-and 14.1 and 14.2, with 14-in ...
14th Air Force
(from the article "Chennault, Claire L.") ...an outstanding combat record. After the United States entered World War II, the group was incorporated into the regular U.S. Army Air Forces as the China Air Task Force (later ...
15-spined stickleback
(from the article "stickleback") ...inconstans) of North American freshwaters; the four-spined stickleback (Apeltes quadracus), also North American but primarily marine; and the sea, or 15-spined, stickleback (Spinachia spinachia), a slim, many-spined fish of European ...
1543, Act of
(from the article "Wales") ...also secured parliamentary representation by the election of members for shires and boroughs. The implementation of the act was set aside until more detailed provision was made by a second ...
1621, Parliament of
(from the article "United Kingdom") The Parliament of 1621 was a failure at all levels. No legislation other than the subsidy bill was passed; a simple misunderstanding among the members had led to a dramatic ...
1624, Parliament of
(from the article "United Kingdom") There they persuaded the bedridden king to call another Parliament for the purpose of declaring war on Spain. The Parliament of 1624 was given free rein. All manner of legislation ...
16S rRNA
(from the article "bacteria") The specific region of DNA that has proved to be the most informative for evolutionary relatedness is 16S rRNA, the gene that encodes the ...
17-gon
(from the article "mathematics") The discovery that the regular "17-gon" is so constructible was the first such discovery since the Greeks, who had known only of the equilateral triangle, the square, the regular pentagon, ...
17-hydroxycorticosteroid
(from the article "pregnancy") The blood and urinary levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, hormones that affect protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism and that are produced by the adrenal glands, rise during pregnancy; but there is no ...
17-ketosteroid
(from the article "congenital adrenal hyperplasia") enlargement of the adrenal glands resulting primarily from excessive secretion of androgenic hormones by the adrenal cortex. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia mainly affects infants and is caused by mutations in the ...
17-year cicada
(from the article "cicada") ...and forests. In addition to the dog-day cicada (Tibicen and others) that appears yearly in midsummer, there are also periodic cicadas. Among the most fascinating and best-known are the 17-year ...
1763, Proclamation of
proclamation declared by the British crown at the end of the French and Indian War in North America, mainly intended to conciliate the Indians by checking the encroachment of white ... [9 Related Articles]
1770, Rising of
(from the article "Greece, history of") ...the defeat inflicted on the Ottoman navy in 1571 by Don John of Austria; the short-lived revolt launched by Dionysius Skylosophos in Epirus in 1611; and the abortive uprising in ...
1791, Constitution of
(from the article "France") From 1789 to 1791 the National Assembly acted as a constituent assembly, drafting a constitution for the new regime while also governing from day to day. The constitution established a ...
1791, Constitution of
(from the article "Russia") ...and Austria (Prussia obtained less actual territory, but what it acquired was of great economic value). Polish patriots attempted to bring political stability to their country by drafting the "Constitution ...
17P/Holmes, Comet
(from the article "Physical Sciences") In late October, Comet 17P/Holmes-a normally dim periodic comet that orbits the Sun between Jupiter and Mars-suddenly brightened by a factor of up to one million to become an object ...
18.1
(from the article "balkline billiards") Principal varieties of balkline billiards are 18.1 and 18.2-requiring lines 18 inches from the cushions and allowing one and two shots, respectively, within a balk-and 14.1 and 14.2, with 14-in ...
18.2
(from the article "balkline billiards") Principal varieties of balkline billiards are 18.1 and 18.2-requiring lines 18 inches from the cushions and allowing one and two shots, respectively, within a balk-and 14.1 and 14.2, with 14-in ...
1801, Concordat of
agreement reached on July 15, 1801, between Napoleon Bonaparte and papal and clerical representatives in both Rome and Paris, defining the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France and ... [6 Related Articles]
1812, War of
(June 18, 1812-Feb. 17, 1815), conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. It ended with the exchange of ratifications of the ... [28 Related Articles]
1814, Charter of
(from the article "France") ...victims; in Paris, many high officials who had rallied to Napoleon were dismissed, and a few eminent figures, notably Marshal Michel Ney, were tried and shot. The king refused, however, ...
1819, Panic of
(from the article "United States") Economic hardship, especially the financial panic of 1819, also created disunity. The causes of the panic were complex, but its greatest effect was clearly the tendency of its victims to ...
1824, Constitution of
(from the article "Mexico") The constitution of 1824 set a number of democratic goals and provided for a federal republic, consisting of 19 states, four territories, and the Mexico City federal district. Indigenous peoples ...
1830, Charter of
(from the article "Statuto Albertino") The Statuto, which was granted by the king during the liberal Revolutions of 1848, was based on the French Charter of 1830. It ensured citizens equality before the law and ...
1830, Revolutions of
rebellions against conservative kings and governments by liberals and revolutionaries in different parts of Europe in 1830-32. [10 Related Articles]
1831, rebellions of
(from the article "Italy") The July Revolution of 1830 in Paris set in motion an Italian conspiratorial movement in Modena and in other Emilian towns. Two Carbonari, Enrico Misley and Ciro Menotti, put their ...
1833, Compromise of
(from the article "nullification") ...to the People of South Carolina," asserting the supremacy of the federal government and warning that "disunion by armed force is treason." Congress then (March 1, 1833) passed both the ...
1837, Panic of
(from the article "New York Stock Exchange") After the Panic of 1837, when many investors suffered heavy losses, the exchange began to demand that companies disclose to the public information about their finances as a condition of ...
1837, Rebellion of
(from the article "Canada") Political unrest developed in both Upper and Lower Canada soon after the War of 1812. Some of the causes were similar, rooted in the governing structure imposed by the 1791 ...
1843, Revolution of
(from the article "Greece, history of") These various strands of discontent coalesced in the military coup of September 1843. Virtually bloodless, but on this occasion manifestly reflecting the popular will, the coup was the first of ...
1844, Constitution of
(from the article "Greece, history of") ...but on this occasion manifestly reflecting the popular will, the coup was the first of many military interventions in the political process. Otto was forced to grant a constitution (promulgated ...
1846, Insurrection of
(from the article "Poland") In partitioned Poland emigre emissaries inspired conspiratorial activities. After the failure of several other attempts, an uprising was planned for 1846. Stanched by arrests in Poznan, it got off the ...
1848, Revolutions of
series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily, and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression, and were followed ... [30 Related Articles]
1850, Compromise of
series of compromise measures passed by the U.S. Congress in an effort to settle several outstanding slavery issues and to avert the threat of dissolution of the Union. The crisis ... [13 Related Articles]
1855, concordat of
(from the article "Austria") ...support of a standing army of soldiers, a kneeling army of worshippers, and a crawling army of informants was exaggerated but not entirely unfounded. One of the more backward developments ...
1857, Constitution of
(from the article "Mexico") ...provide a legal base for the reform. It was promulgated on Feb. 12, 1857, but did not become effective until the following Sept. 16, the 47th anniversary of the "Grito ...
1857, Panic of
(from the article "panic") ...character of their instability. A financial panic has quite often been a prelude to a crisis that extended beyond commercial activities into sectors of consumption and capital-goods industries. The Panic ...
1868, Revolution of
(from the article "Spain") The revolution that led to the dethronement of Isabella was the work of army oligarchs led by Francisco Serrano y Dominguez and Progressive conspirators behind Prim. The Democrats became active ...
1869, Constitution of
(from the article "Spain") The generals were determined to keep the leadership of the revolution in their own hands by channeling it into a constitutional monarchy. Although they had to concede universal male suffrage ...
1873, Panic of
(from the article "panic") ...Its effects were also complex, including not only the closing of many banks but also a sharp increase in unemployment in the United States and a money-market panic on the ...
1873, Republic of
(from the article "anticlericalism") ...Latin Europe. The conflict became especially intense after 1870. Barcelona, traditionally a centre of anti-Catholic feeling, witnessed the formation of powerful syndicalist and anarchist groups. The first Spanish Republic (1873) ...
1887, tariff of
(from the article "Italy") However, the most important act of Crispi's first government was the new tariff of 1887. It was a response to demands from northern steel and textile interests, from farmers (also ...
1898, Convention of
(from the article "Hong Kong") ...after the second Opium War (1856-60), China was forced to cede the Kowloon Peninsula south of what is now Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island by the Convention of Beijing (1860). ...
1917, Constitution of
(from the article "Mexico") ...system of communal holdings. At the time of the revolution, the rural peasantry was virtually landless and worked under a debt peonage system on haciendas (large estates). The constitution of ...
1927/28 Academy Awards
(from the article "1927/28: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1927/28: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director
1928/29 Academy Awards
(from the article "1928/29: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1928/29: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director
1929/30 Academy Awards
(from the article "1929/30: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1929/30: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1930/31 Academy Awards
(from the article "1930/31: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1930/31: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1931/32 Academy Awards
(from the article "1931/32: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1931/32: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1932, Famine of
(from the article "Ukraine") The result of Stalin's policies was the Great Famine (Holodomor) of 1932-33-a man-made demographic catastrophe unprecedented in peacetime. Of the estimated six to eight million people who died in the ...
1932/33 Academy Awards
(from the article "1932/33: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1932/33: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1934 Academy Awards
(from the article "1934: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1934: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1935 Academy Awards
(from the article "1935: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1935: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1936 Academy Awards
(from the article "1936: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1936: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1937 Academy Awards
(from the article "1937: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1937: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1938 Academy Awards
(from the article "1938: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1938: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1948, Constitution of
(from the article "Italy") The Italian state grew out of the kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont, where, in 1848, King Charles Albert introduced a constitution that remained the basic law, of his kingdom and later of ...
1951 Academy Awards
(from the article "1951: Best Foreign-Language Film") A complex film with a nonlinear narrative structure, Rashomon reveals a simple view of enduring humanity. The intriguing picture presents several versions of the same incident-a bandit rapes a woman ...
1952 Academy Awards
(from the article "1952: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1952: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1953 Academy Awards
(from the article "1953: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1953: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1954 Academy Awards
(from the article "1954: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1954: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1955 Academy Awards
(from the article "1955: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1955: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1956 Academy Awards
(from the article "1956: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1956: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1957 Academy Awards
(from the article "1957: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1957: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1958 Academy Awards
(from the article "1958: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1958: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1958, Constitution of
(from the article "France") When France fell into political turmoil after the May 1958 insurrection in Algeria (then still a French colony), General Charles de Gaulle, an outspoken critic of the postwar constitution who ...
1959 Academy Awards
(from the article "1959: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1959: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1960 Academy Awards
(from the article "1960: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1960: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1961 Academy Awards
(from the article "1961: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1961: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1962 Academy Awards
(from the article "1962: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1962: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1963 Academy Awards
(from the article "1963: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1963: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1964 Academy Awards
(from the article "1964: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1964: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1965 Academy Awards
(from the article "1965: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1965: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1966 Academy Awards
(from the article "1966: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1966: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1967 Academy Awards
(from the article "1967: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1967: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1967, Confession of
(from the article "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)") ...Church of North America merged with the U.S.A. Presbyterians, forming the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. This church became active in ecumenical affairs. It adopted a new confession, the ...
1968 Academy Awards
(from the article "1968: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1968: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1968, Generation of
(from the article "Spanish literature") The Generation of 1968 was recognized in the 1980s as a distinct novelistic group. It includes Esther Tusquets, Alvaro Pombo, and Javier Tomeo, together with nearly a dozen others who ...
1969 Academy Awards
(from the article "1969: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1969: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1970 Academy Awards
(from the article "1970: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1970: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1970, Compromise of
(from the article "Yemen") ...al-Rahman al-Iryani. Two years later, with the blessing of the two major foreign participants-Egypt and Saudi Arabia-the leaders of North Yemen agreed upon the Compromise of 1970, which established a ...
1971 Academy Awards
(from the article "1971: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1971: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1972 Academy Awards
(from the article "1972: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1972: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1973 Academy Awards
(from the article "1973: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1973: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1974 Academy Awards
(from the article "1974: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1974: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1975 Academy Awards
(from the article "1975: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1975: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1976 Academy Awards
(from the article "1976: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1976: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1977 Academy Awards
(from the article "1977: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1977: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1977, Protocol of
(from the article "war, law of") ...Geneva Conventions would apply (protecting only those not taking an active part in the hostilities). Further protection is given (mainly to those who do not take part in the conflict) ...
1978 Academy Awards
(from the article "1978: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1978: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1978, Constitution of
(from the article "Spain") ...negotiations among the leading political groups, the Spanish constitution was nearly unanimously approved by both houses of the legislature (it passed 551-11 with 22 abstentions) in October 1978. In a ...
1979 Academy Awards
(from the article "1979: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest director1979: Best Director Other Nomineesbest foreign-language film
1980 Academy Awards
(from the article "1980: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1980: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1981 Academy Awards
(from the article "1981: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1981: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1982 Academy Awards
(from the article "1982: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1982: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1983 Academy Awards
(from the article "1983: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1983: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1983 Beirut barracks bombings
terrorist bombing attacks against U.S. and French armed forces in Beirut on Oct. 23, 1983 that claimed 299 lives. The attacks, which took place amid the sectarian conflict of the ...
1983TB
(from the article "infrared astronomy") ...formation of planetary systems similar to that of the Sun. Other important findings included various clouds of interstellar gas and dust where new stars are being formed and an object, ...
1984 Academy Awards
(from the article "1984: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1984: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1985 Academy Awards
(from the article "1985: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1985: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1985, concordat of
(from the article "Lateran Treaty") With the signing of the concordat of 1985, Roman Catholicism was no longer the state religion of Italy. This change in status brought about a number of alterations in Italian ...
1986 Academy Awards
(from the article "1986: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1986: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1987 Academy Awards
(from the article "1987: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1987: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1988 Academy Awards
(from the article "1988: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1988: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1989 Academy Awards
(from the article "1989: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1989: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1989N1R
(from the article "Rings of Neptune") Images from Voyager 2, however, revealed a system of six rings, each of which in fact fully surrounds Neptune. The putative arcs turned out to be bright regions in the ...
1989N2R
(from the article "Rings of Neptune") The other five known rings of Neptune-Galle, Le Verrier, Lassell, Arago, and Galatea, in order of increasing distance from the planet-lack the nonuniformity in density exhibited by Adams. Le Verrier, ...
1989N3R
(from the article "Rings of Neptune") The other five known rings of Neptune-Galle, Le Verrier, Lassell, Arago, and Galatea, in order of increasing distance from the planet-lack the nonuniformity in density exhibited by Adams. Le Verrier, ...
1989N4R
(from the article "Rings of Neptune") Galle, the innermost ring, is much broader and fainter than either Adams or Le Verrier, possibly owing to the absence of a nearby moon that could provide a strong shepherding ...
1990 Academy Awards
(from the article "1990: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1990: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1991 Academy Awards
(from the article "1991: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1991: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1992 Academy Awards
(from the article "1992: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1992: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1992 QB1
(from the article "Kuiper belt") The first Kuiper belt object (KBO) was discovered in 1992 by the American astronomer David Jewitt and graduate student Jane Luu. Designated 1992 QB1, the body is about 200-250 km ...
1993 Academy Awards
(from the article "1993: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1993: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1994 Academy Awards
(from the article "1994: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1994: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1995 Academy Awards
(from the article "1995: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1995: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1996 Academy Awards
(from the article "1996: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1996: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director1997 Academy Awards
(from the article "1997: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress1997: Best Actress Other Nominees
19th Dynasty
(from the article "Ramses II") third king of the 19th dynasty of Egypt, whose reign (1279-13 BC) was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he ...
19th of April Movement
(from the article "Colombia") Unhappiness with the 1970 election gave rise in 1973-74 to another guerrilla group, the 19th of April Movement (Movimiento 19 de Abril, or M-19), named for the date that the ...
1D state
(from the article "comet") ...the photodissociation of H2O into H2 + O (in the 1D state) and, in an accessorial manner, of CO2 into CO + O (in the 1D state). The 1D state ...
2,3,7,8-TCDD
(from the article "dioxin") ...By convention these positions are assigned the numbers 1 through 4 and 6 through 9. The more toxic dioxins carry chlorine atoms at these positions, and the best-known one has ...
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
(from the article "blood") The two main regulators of oxygen uptake and delivery are the pH (a measure of the acidity or basicity) of tissues and the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in red cells. ...
2,4,5-TCPPA
(from the article "chlorophenol") ...into dimethyl trichlorophenyl phosphorothioate, a systemic agent effective against grubs in cattle; and into 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TCPPA), both widely used as weed killers.
2,4,5-trichlorophenol
(from the article "dioxin") Dioxin serves no useful purpose but is formed as an undesirable by-product during the synthesis of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and some other useful compounds. The chemical 2,4,5-trichlorophenol serves as a raw material ...
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(from the article "Agricultural chemicals") ...undesirable by-product during the synthesis of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and some other useful compounds. The chemical 2,4,5-trichlorophenol serves as a raw material for making the herbicides Silvex and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The ...
2,4-D
(from the article "Agricultural chemicals") ...use. Chemical weed control superseded both plant-disease and insect-pest control in economic impact. The year 1945 marked the beginning of a new era in chemical weed control. Introduced then were ...
2,6-dichlorophenol
(from the article "organohalogen compound") The sex pheromone of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,6-dibromophenol has been isolated from the acorn worm, Balanoglossus biminiensis.
2-5 system
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") ...BROoklyn 1234. With the growth of the telephone network, this three-letter and four-number local numbering system, which had only 512 possible central-office codes, was replaced in 1947 by the 2-5 ...
2-amino-4,6-pteridinedione
(from the article "heterocyclic compound") ...pteron, "wing") has become apparent since the first known members of the group were discovered as pigments of butterfly wings. One example is the yellow pigment 2-amino-4,6-pteridinedione (xanthopterin).
2-butene
(from the article "Boiling points of alkenes and alkynes") any of four isomeric compounds belonging to the series of olefinic hydrocarbons. The chemical formula is C4H8. The isomeric forms are 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutylene. All four butenes are ...
2-chloro-1,3-butadiene
(from the article "hydrocarbon") Alkyne polymerization is not nearly as developed nor as useful a procedure as alkene polymerization. The dimer of acetylene, vinylacetylene, is the starting material for the preparation of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, which ...
2-chloro-2-methylpropane
(from the article "organohalogen compound") ...only when the alkyl halide is primary. The principal reaction observed when a strong base reacts with a secondary or tertiary alkyl halide is elimination, as in the attack of ...
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(from the article "industrial polymers, major") Related in structure to methyl methacrylate are the monomers 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl cyanoacrylate, denoted by the chemical formulas
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate
(from the article "metabolism") ...(derived from glucose via steps [1] and [12]) is not oxidized to ribulose 5-phosphate via reaction [13] but, in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction [14], loses water, forming the compound 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG).
2-tone
(from the article "2-Tone Records") In several regional British cities, the distinct late 1970s combination of economic turmoil, unemployment benefits (effectively an arts subsidy), and art school punks resulted in a generation of eccentric talent. ...
200-metre race
(from the article "Smith, Tommie") American sprinter who held the world record for the 200-metre dash with turn (1966-71), his best time being 19.83 sec-the first time that the distance was run in less than ...
2000 Academy Awards
(from the article "2000: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2000: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2001 Academy Awards
(from the article "2001: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2001: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2002 Academy Awards
(from the article "2002: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2002: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2003 Academy Awards
(from the article "2003: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2003: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2004 Academy Awards
(from the article "2004: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2004: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2005 Academy Awards
(from the article "2005: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2005: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2006 Academy Awards
(from the article "2006: Best Actor") Other Nomineesbest actress2006: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2007 Academy Awards
(from the article "2007: Best Actor") Other Nominees best actress2007: Best Actress Other Nomineesbest director2008 World Series
Welcome to Britannica's special coverage of the 2008 World Series. Often referred to as the "Fall Classic," the World Series is one of the most popular and historic sporting events ...
21-centimetre radiation
electromagnetic radiation of radio wavelength emitted by cold, neutral, interstellar hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atom is composed of a positively charged particle, the proton, and a negatively charged particle, the ... [1 Related Articles]
21-hydroxylase
(from the article "congenital adrenal hyperplasia") The most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is deficiency of 21-hydroxylase, an enzyme that stimulates one of the last steps in cortisol synthesis. Excess androgen produced to overcome this ...
22 Prairial Year II, Law of
(from the article "France") ...later Danton and other so-called "indulgents" met the same fate for seeking to end the Terror-prematurely in the eyes of the committee. Then the Convention passed the infamous law of ...
24
American prime-time television action-suspense series airing on the Fox Network and syndicated globally. Since its first episode aired on Nov. 6, 2001, the show has been one of Fox's most ... [2 Related Articles]
24 Hours of Daytona
(from the article "Automobile Racing") The U.S.'s two road racing endurance classics, the 24 Hours of Daytona and the 12 Hours of Sebring, continued to sport rival sanctioning organizations. The Daytona, approved by the Grand ...
25th of April Bridge
(from the article "Lisbon") ...the river's entrance into the Atlantic Ocean. From the ocean upstream to the city, the river is almost straight and about 2 miles (3 km) wide. It is spanned, on ...
26th of July Movement
revolutionary movement led by Fidel Castro that overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba (1959). Its name commemorates an attack on the Santiago de Cuba army barracks on July ... [4 Related Articles]
2C tank
(from the article "tank") ...1918 French Schneider and St. Chamond tanks already had 75-millimetre guns while the heavier British tanks were at best armed with 57-millimetre guns. After the war the French built 10 ...
3 by 5 Initiative
(from the article "Health and Disease") UNAIDS described the 3 by 5 Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most ambitious health projects ever conceived. Launched on World AIDS Day (December 1) ...
3-4 system
(from the article "telephone and telephone system") In order to help users become accustomed to the universal seven-digit local numbers, the first three digits were associated with the first three letters of a word, and these digits ...
3-D
motion-picture process that gives a three-dimensional quality to film images. It is based on the fact that humans perceive depth by viewing with both eyes. In the 3-D process, two ... [2 Related Articles]
3-D radar
(from the article "radar") ...Antennas of this sort are preferred over the parabolic reflector for airborne applications (see the photograph), in land-based air-surveillance radars requiring multiple beams (as in the so-called 3D radars, which ...
3-phosphatidyl-glycerol 1-phosphate
(from the article "metabolism") ...inositol, or glycerol 1-phosphate-to form CMP and, respectively, phosphatidylserine [85a], phosphatidylinositol [85b], or, in [85c], 3-phosphatidyl-glycerol 1'-phosphate (PGP). These reactions differ from those of polysaccharide biosynthesis ([79], [82]) in that ...
3-phosphoglycerate
(from the article "metabolism") ...produced in step [6] reacts with ADP in a reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase, with the result that one of the two phosphoryl groups is transferred to ADP to form ...
3-phosphoglyceric acid
(from the article "carbohydrate") All green plants apparently photosynthesize in the same way, yielding as an immediate product the compound 3-phosphoglyceric acid; the formula, in which P represents phosphorus, is illustrated below.
30 Coloured Cubes Puzzle
(from the article "number game") More widely known perhaps is the 30 Coloured Cubes Puzzle. If six colours are used to paint the faces there result 2,226 different combinations. If from this total only those ...
30 Doradus
immense ionized-hydrogen region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way system (in which the Earth is located). The nebula consists of a cloud of interstellar ... [1 Related Articles]
30 St Mary Axe
(from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") ...to Your Hats: Tall Buildings Are Coming to London," was the title of one article in a British architectural magazine. Probably the most notable skyscraper of the year was the ...
31 Cygni
(from the article "star") ...that are probably not even approximately in hydrostatic equilibrium. The atmospheres of M-type supergiant stars appear to be slowly expanding outward. Observations of the eclipsing binary 31 Cygni show that ...
31st March Incident
(from the article "Ottoman Empire") In April 1909, however, an army mutiny in Istanbul (known because of the Julian calendar as the "31st March Incident") exposed the weakness of the CUP and at the same ...
323 Brucia
(from the article "asteroid") ...and Kirkwood gaps). The introduction of photography to the search for new asteroids in 1891, by which time 322 asteroids had been identified, accelerated the discovery rate. The asteroid designated ...
33rd U.S. Colored Troops
(from the article "Higginson, Thomas Wentworth") ...and he supported John Brown both in Kansas (1856) and in his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (1859). During the Civil War Higginson accepted command of the 1st South Carolina ...
35-mm camera
(from the article "photography, technology of") Perforated 35-millimetre (mm) film (originally standard motion-picture film) in cartridges holding 12 to 36 exposures with a nominal picture format of 24 × 36 mm is employed in miniature cameras. ...
360
(from the article "surfing") ...the board to slip down the face of the wave), "floaters" ("floating" the board along the top of a breaking wave), "reverses" (rapid changes of direction), 360s (turning the board ...
38th parallel
parallel of latitude that in East Asia roughly demarcates North and South Korea. The line was chosen by U.S. military planners at the Potsdam Conference, in July 1945, as an ... [2 Related Articles]
3C 273
(from the article "quasar") ...expansion of the universe, these large velocities correspond to large distances. Quasars were more numerous about 10 billion years ago than they are at present. The brightest quasar in the ...
3C 48
(from the article "galaxy") An apparently new kind of radio source was discovered in the early 1960s when radio astronomers identified a very small but powerful radio object designated 3C 48 with a stellar ...
3rd Dynasty of Ur
(from the article "Iran, ancient") ...appeared, the Simash dynasty (Simash may have been in the mountains of southern Lorestan). The outstanding event of this period was the virtual conquest of Elam by Shulgi of the ...
4-aminopyridine
(from the article "drug") ...paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release (see the section Autonomic nervous system drugs). There are a few drugs that facilitate acetylcholine release, including tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine. They work by blocking potassium-selective ...
4-H Club
one of an organization of clubs for youth aged 10 to 21 who engage in programs of "learning by doing." The clubs are found principally in the United States and ...
400-metre race
(from the article "Olympic Games") ...racist policy of apartheid. Volleyball and judo were added. (See Sidebar: The Japanese Women's Volleyball Team: The Hardest Part.) The pentathlon (later enlarged to become the heptathlon) and the 400-metre ...
401(k)
in the United States, a retirement savings program organized by employers but funded primarily by workers through paycheck deductions. Because employees generally do not make withdrawals from the fund until ...
46, Letter of the
(from the article "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics") ...democracy, only to have their own words from their period of power quoted against them. The last reasonably serious attempt to reverse the bureaucratic-authoritarian regime within the party was the ...
47 Tucanae
(from the article "star cluster") ...group, three types of RR Lyrae stars were first distinguished in 1902. Omega Centauri is relatively nearby, at a distance of 16,000 light-years, and it lacks a sharp nucleus. The ...
5-phosphoribose 1-pyrophosphate
(from the article "metabolism") The orotate accepts a pentose phosphate moiety [73] from 5-phosphoribose 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP); PRPP, which is formed from ribose 5-phosphate and ATP, also initiates the pathways for biosynthesis of purine nucleotides ...
50 Cent
(from the article "Performing Arts") The erratic lives of pop musicians inspired Irish director Jim Sheridan's Get Rich or Die Tryin', based on the career of rap megastar and small-time gangster Curtis ("50 Cent") Jackson; ...
51 Pegasi
fifth-magnitude star located 50 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Pegasus, the first sunlike star confirmed to possess a planet. 51 Pegasi, which has physical properties (luminosity and temperature, ... [1 Related Articles]
527 group
(from the article "The U.S. Election of 2004") ...legislation designed to reduce the role of money in politics. The law made "soft-money" contributions from corporations and unions to party organizations illegal but opened the door to "527" groups ...
6,8-dithio-n-octanoate
(from the article "metabolism") The hydroxyethyl moiety formed in [34] is immediately transferred to one of the two sulfur atoms (S) of the coenzyme (6,8-dithio-n-octanoate or lipS2) of the second enzyme in the complex, ...
6-mercaptopurine
(from the article "organosulfur compound") ...is a thiol that finds use as an accelerator in the vulcanization of rubber (see below Disulfides and polysulfides and their oxidized products) and as a corrosion inhibitor, whereas 6-mercaptopurine has ...
6-phosphogluconate
(from the article "metabolism") ...[12], hydrogen atoms or electrons are removed from the carbon atom at position 1 of glucose 6-phosphate in a reaction catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The product of the reaction ...
60 Minutes
prime-time American television news show. Since its debut in 1968 on the Columbia Broadcast System (now CBS Corporation), the show has become one of the most successful programs in broadcast ... [3 Related Articles]
61 Cygni
first star whose distance from Earth (about 11 light-years) was measured (by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel in 1838). The star is a visual binary the components of which revolve around each ... [1 Related Articles]
666
(from the article "number symbolism") The best-known instance of numerology is the "number of the beast," 666, from the biblical Revelation to John (13:18). Curiously, Revelation is the 66th book in the Bible, and the ...
6th Army Group
(from the article "Devers, Jacob L.") U.S. general during World War II, whose 6th Army Group successfully penetrated German-held positions in central Europe and helped wrest the mainland from Nazi control.
7-dehydrocholesterol
(from the article "Windaus, Adolf") Windaus discovered 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is the chemical precursor of vitamin D, and he showed that it is a steroid. He discovered that it is converted into the vitamin when one ...
70 Ophiuchi
(from the article "star") ...km [92,955,808 miles].) In symbols, (m1 + m2) = a3/P2 in units of the Sun's mass. For example, for the binary system 70 Ophiuchi, P is 87.8 years, and the ...
76 flag
(from the article "United States of America, flag of the") ...made the first Stars and Stripes and that she used the ring pattern are unsubstantiated (see Betsy Ross). Rows of stars (4-5-4 or 3-2-3-2-3) were common, but other variations also ...
7777, patent No.
(from the article "Marconi, Guglielmo") ...International Marine Communication Company, Ltd., was established for the purpose of installing and operating services between ships and land stations. In 1900 also, Marconi filed his now-famous patent No. 7777 ...
780 Third Avenue Office Building
(from the article "building construction") ...the system was further developed by Khan in the 221-metre (725-foot) Shell Oil Building (1967) in Houston. Another new structural form in concrete was introduced by Khan in the 174-metre ...
787 Dreamliner
(from the article "Business Overview") ...up 27% as it delivered its largest order of planes in five years and was sold out of new aircraft until 2011. In October, however, Boeing suddenly announced that its ...
800-metre race
(from the article "Coe, Sebastian") Coe studied economics and social history at Loughborough University and won his first major race in 1977, an 800-metre event at the European indoor championships in San Sebastian, Spain. He ...
8t SdKfz
(from the article "half-track") ...machine gun, a small howitzer (artillery piece), an antiaircraft gun, rockets, or even a flame thrower, and they might also be used as radio and command cars or as ambulances. ...
9-oxodecenoic acid
(from the article "hormone") The odour of the sex attractant of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), 9-oxodecenoic acid, stimulates the olfactory receptors of the drones (males). Secreted by the queen bee in the hive, the ...
99th Pursuit Squadron
(from the article "Davis, Benjamin O., Jr.") ...in 1941 was among the first group of African Americans admitted to the Army Air Corps and to pilot training. Upon his graduation he was swiftly promoted to lieutenant colonel, ...
9to5, National Association of Working Women
organization established in 1973 and dedicated to improving the working conditions and ensuring the rights of women office workers in the United States.

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