| | - Menongue
- town, southeastern Angola. It was originally named for Alexandre Alberto da Rocha de Serpa Pinto, a late 19th-century Portuguese explorer of the interior of southern Africa. Located on the Cuebe ...
- menopause
- final cessation of menstruation and therefore the end of a woman's reproductive life. The popular term "change of life" is neither descriptive nor accurate, for it tends to indicate a ... [11 Related Articles]
- Menophaneses
- (from the article "Delos") For 150 years after the breakup of Alexander the Great's empire, Delos was independent. Under Rome after 166 BC, Delos became a free port. In 88 BC Menophaneses, a general ...
- Menor, Erdoza
- (from the article "jai alai") ...Asis in the front court and Ramon Soroa and Tomas Cortajarena in the back court. Most players reach their top form in their late 20s or early 30s, but one ...
- menorah
- multibranched candelabra, used in the religious rituals of Judaism, that has been an important symbol in both ancient and modern Israel. The seven-branched menorah was originally found in the wilderness ... [7 Related Articles]
- menorrhagia
- (from the article "reproductive system disease") Excessive menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia, may be due to an imbalance of the thyroid or adrenal hormones, but it may also be the result of local disease of the pelvic ...
- menotaxis
- (from the article "animal behaviour") ...the animal is not oriented directly toward or away from the source of stimulation. In telotaxis the animal orients to one or the other of conflicting stimuli affecting the same ...
- Menotti, Ciro
- (from the article "Italy") The July Revolution of 1830 in Paris set in motion an Italian conspiratorial movement in Modena and in other Emilian towns. Two Carbonari, Enrico Misley and Ciro Menotti, put their ...
- Menotti, Gian Carlo
- Italian composer, whose operas gained wider popularity than any others of their time. His realistic operas on his own librettos represent a successful combination of 20th-century dramatic situations with the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Menou, 'Abd Allah Jacques
- (from the article "Egypt") His successor, 'Abd Allah Jacques Menou, a French officer (and former nobleman) who had turned Muslim, was determined to maintain the occupation and administered at first a tolerably settled country, ...
- mens rea
- in Anglo-American law, criminal intent or evil mind. In general, the definition of a criminal offense involves not only an act or omission and its consequences but also the accompanying ... [1 Related Articles]
- Mensa Bonsu
- (from the article "Asante empire") ...revolts in the northern provinces. The old southern provinces were formally constituted the Gold Coast colony by the British later in 1874. Asante's king Kofi Karikari was then deposed, and ...
- mensalao scandal
- (from the article "Brazil") ...from the Chamber of Deputies, Jefferson blew the whistle on a payola scheme orchestrated by the ruling Workers' Party (PT) to curry favour with politicians from smaller political parties. The ...
- Mense, Carlo
- (from the article "Neue Sachlichkeit") ...Kunsthall. In a 1925 exhibition assembled at the Kunsthalle, Hartlaub displayed the works of the members of this group: George Grosz, Otto Dix, Max Beckmann, Georg Schrimpf, Alexander Kanoldt, Carlo ...
- Menshevik
- member of the non-Leninist wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party, which evolved into a separate organization. It originated when a dispute over party membership requirements arose at the 1903 ... [19 Related Articles]
- Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich
- prominent Russian political figure during and after the reign of Peter I the Great. A gifted general and administrator, he eventually became the most powerful official in the empire, but ... [4 Related Articles]
- Menshikov, Aleksandr Sergeyevich, Knyaz
- commander of the Russian forces in the first half of the Crimean War.
- Menshov, Vladimir
- (from the article "1980: Best Foreign-Language Film") Other Nominees
- menstrual cycle
- (from the article "menstruation") periodic discharge from the vagina of blood, secretions, and disintegrating mucous membrane that had lined the uterus.birth controlcontraceptionHormonal contraceptivesGenerally, birth-control ...
- menstruation
- periodic discharge from the vagina of blood, secretions, and disintegrating mucous membrane that had lined the uterus. [17 Related Articles]
- Mensur
- (from the article "duel") ...of honour were authorized by the military code up to World War I and were legalized again (1936) under the Nazis. The Fascist regime in Italy also encouraged dueling. The ...
- mensural notation
- European system of musical notation used from c. 1260 to 1600. It evolved as a method to notate complex rhythms beyond the possibilities of previous notation (neumes) and reached its ... [3 Related Articles]
- mensuration
- (from the article "mathematics") After the 3rd century BC, mathematical research shifted increasingly away from the pure forms of constructive geometry toward areas related to the applied disciplines, in particular to astronomy. The necessary ...
- mental ability
- (from the article "intelligence, human") The American psychologist L.L. Thurstone disagreed with Spearman's theory, arguing instead that there were seven factors, which he identified as the "primary mental abilities." These seven abilities, according to Thurstone, ...
- mental age
- intelligence test score, expressed as the chronological age for which a given level of performance is average or typical. An individual's mental age is then divided by his chronological age ... [1 Related Articles]
- mental discipline theory
- (from the article "pedagogy") The earliest mental-discipline theories of teaching were based on a premise that the main justification for teaching anything is not for itself but for what it trains-intelligence, attitudes, and values. ...
- mental disorder
- any illness with significant psychological or behavioral manifestations that is associated with either a painful or distressing symptom or an impairment in one or more important areas of functioning. [19 Related Articles]
- Mental Health Act
- (from the article "mental hygiene") ...This voluntary national group provides resident facilities for disturbed persons, offers follow-up services, and trains mental-health personnel, in addition to carrying on educational programs. The Mental Health Act of 1959 ...
- mental hygiene
- the science of maintaining mental health and preventing the development of psychosis, neurosis, or other mental disorders. [19 Related Articles]
- mental set
- (from the article "thought") A mental set, or "entrenchment," is a frame of mind involving a model that represents a problem, a problem context, or a procedure for problem solving. When problem solvers have ...
- Mentawai Islands
- group of about 70 islands, Sumatera Barat provinsi (province), Indonesia. They lie off the western coast of Sumatra in the Indian Ocean. The major islands are Siberut, Sipura, Pagai Utara ... [1 Related Articles]
- Mentawai rat
- (from the article "rat") ...Himalayan field rat (R. nitidus) has a brown back, gray underparts, and feet of pearly white. Others have very dark fur, such as the Mentawai rat (
- Mentel Bible
- (from the article "biblical literature") The first printed Bible (the Mentel Bible) appeared at Strassburg no later than 1466 and ran through 18 editions before 1522. Despite some evidence that ecclesiastical authority did not entirely ...
- Mentelin, Johann
- (from the article "publishing, history of") ...son-in-law), continued the business together after 1455; but Mainz itself never became a major centre of the book trade. It was soon challenged by Strassburg (Strasbourg) where, in 1460-61, Johann ...
- Mentese
- (from the article "Mentese Dynasty") Founded by Mentese, the dynasty's principality extended along the Aegean and the Mediterranean coasts, and its fleet engaged in trade and piracy. After repulsing a Byzantine attack in 1296, Mentese's ...
- Mentese Dynasty
- Turkmen dynasty (c. 1290-1425) that ruled in the Mugla-Milas region of southwestern Anatolia.
- Mentese Ibrahim
- (from the article "Mentese Dynasty") ...Aegean and the Mediterranean coasts, and its fleet engaged in trade and piracy. After repulsing a Byzantine attack in 1296, Mentese's son Mesud occupied part of the island of Rhodes ...
- Mentha
- the mint genus, containing 25 species of aromatic herbs native in temperate Eurasia, North America, southern Africa, and Australia. It belongs to the family Lamiaceae, order Lamiales, though the flowers ...
- Mentha longifolia
- (from the article "mint") ...resinous dots in the leaves and stems. Oils of mints are used as scents in perfumery and as flavouring in candy, liqueur, gum, dentifrices, and medicines. The mint of the ...
- menthol
- terpene alcohol with a strong minty, cooling odour and taste. It is obtained from peppermint oil or is produced synthetically by hydrogenation of thymol. Menthol is used medicinally in ointments, ... [2 Related Articles]
- Menton
- town, Alpes-Maritimes departement, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur region, southeastern France. Situated near the Italian border 17 miles (28 km) northeast of Nice and 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Monte-Carlo ... [2 Related Articles]
- Mentor
- city, Lake county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies on Lake Erie, about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Cleveland. Mentor township, organized in 1815, was named either for Hiram Mentor, ...
- Mentor of Rhodes
- (from the article "Artaxerxes III") ...of the first attempt (351) encouraged the Phoenician towns and the princes of Cyprus to revolt. Early in 345, Artaxerxes collected a great army and marched against the Phoenician city ...
- Mentuhotep II
- king (ruled 2008-1957 BCE) of ancient Egypt's 11th dynasty (2081-1938 BCE) who, starting as the ruler of southernmost Egypt in about 2008 BCE, reunified the country by defeating his rivals ... [2 Related Articles]
- Mentuhotep II, temple of
- (from the article "Dayr al-Bahri") Of the three ancient Egyptian structures on the site, one, the funerary temple of King Mentuhotep II (built c. 1970 BCE), has lost much of its superstructure. The second, the ...
- Mentuhotep III
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") Mentuhotep II's successors, Mentuhotep III (1957-45 BC) and Mentuhotep IV (1945-38 BC), also ruled from Thebes. The reign of Mentuhotep IV corresponds to seven years marked "missing" in the Turin ...
- Mentuhotep IV
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") Mentuhotep II's successors, Mentuhotep III (1957-45 BC) and Mentuhotep IV (1945-38 BC), also ruled from Thebes. The reign of Mentuhotep IV corresponds to seven years marked "missing" in the Turin ...
- Mentzelia
- (from the article "Loasaceae") The clusters of red-orange, pouchlike petals of C. lateritia measure about 5 cm (2 inches) across, on a twining plant up to 6 metres (about 20 feet) long. Species of ...
- menu
- (from the article "information processing") The main types of popular query modes are the menu, the "fill-in-the-blank" technique, and the structured query. Particularly suited for novices, the menu requires a person to choose from several ...
- Menuhin, Yaltah
- American-born British musician (b. Oct. 7, 1921, San Francisco, Calif.-d. June 9, 2001, London, Eng.), was a pianist and was the younger sister of acclaimed violinist Yehudi Menuhin. Born into ...
- Menuhin, Yehudi, Lord Menuhin of Stoke d'Abernon
- one of the leading violin virtuosos of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- Menuisiers-Ebenistes, Corporation des
- 18th-century French craft guild concerned with woodworking, the menuisiers doing principally the work of the carpenter and joiner and the ebenistes applying the veneered finish. Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the finance minister ...
- Menzel Bourguiba
- town located in north-central Tunisia. It lies on the southwestern shore of Lake Bizerte, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Bizerte town and the Mediterranean Sea. Menzel Bourguiba, which is ... [1 Related Articles]
- Menzel, Adolf von
- German painter and printmaker, best known in his own day as a brilliant historical painter, whose patriotic works satisfied the public's taste, engendered by Prussia's continual expansion throughout the 19th ...
- Menzel, Jiri
- (from the article "1967: Best Foreign-Language Film") Other Nominees
- Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon
- statesman who, as prime minister of Australia (1939-41, 1949-66), strengthened military ties with the United States and fostered industrial growth and immigration from Europe. [5 Related Articles]
- Menzies, William Cameron
- one of the most influential set designers in Anglo-American filmmaking, whose work on The Tempest and The Dove in 1927-28 won the first Oscar awarded by the Motion Picture Academy ... [2 Related Articles]
- Meotoiwa
- (from the article "Ise-Shima National Park") ...at the beginning of the 20th century. The Toba area now produces the great majority of Japan's cultured pearls. Between Ise and Toba is Futamigaura beach and resort, famed for ...
- meperidine
- synthetic drug used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is an opioid analgesic, and thus its effects on the body resemble those of opium or morphine, one ... [3 Related Articles]
- Mephistopheles
- familiar spirit of the Devil in late settings of the legend of Faust. It is probable that the name Mephistopheles was invented for the historical Faust by the anonymous author ...
- Meppel
- gemeente (municipality), east-central Netherlands. It is situated near the confluence of the Drentshe Hoofd and Hoogeveensche canals and the Reest River, which empty into the Meppelerdiep before it flows into ...
- meprobamate
- drug used in the treatment of anxiety. A central nervous system depressant, meprobamate acts selectively upon the spinal cord and the higher centres in the brain. Physical dependence may be ... [5 Related Articles]
- mer
- among the Cheremis and Udmurts (also called Votyaks), a district where people would gather periodically to hold religious festivals and perform sacrifices to nature gods. The word mer is derived ...
- Mer de Glace
- (French: "Sea of Ice"), one of the longest glaciers in the Alps, extending for 3.5 miles (5.6 km) on the northern side of Mont Blanc near Chamonix, Fr. Formed by ...
- Merabishvili, Vano
- (from the article "Georgia") ...hawkish Defense Minister Irakli Okruashvili, on November 10, appointing him economy minister to succeed Irakli Chogovadze, but Okruashvili resigned his new post on November 17. Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili, was ...
- Meramec River
- tributary of the Mississippi River rising in the Ozark Mountains, near Salem in Dent county, southeastern Missouri, U.S. The river winds 207 miles (333 km) generally north, northeast, and southeast ...
- Meramecian Series
- (from the article "Carboniferous Period") ...The Kinderhookian Series includes the Hannibal Formation and the Chouteau Group. It is succeeded by the Osagean Series, which includes the Burlington Limestone and overlying Keokuk Limestone. The Meramecan and ...
- Merano
- city, Trentino-Alto Adige regione, northern Italy. It lies at the foot of the central chain of the Alps, at the confluence of the Passirio and Adige rivers, northwest of the ...
- Merapi, Mount
- volcanic mountain peak located near the centre of the island of Java, Indonesia. The volcano is about 20 miles (32 km) north of Yogyakarta and somewhat farther south of Semarang. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Meratus Mountains
- (from the article "Kalimantan Selatan") The low-lying Meratus Mountains run in a north-south arc that almost bisects the province; on its southern fringe is the Kusan mountain range. The Meratus range slopes to the east ...
- Merbabu, Mount
- (from the article "Jawa Tengah") ...runs west to east through the central part of the province and is surmounted by several volcanic peaks that exceed 10,000 feet (3,000 metres), including Mounts Slamat, Sundoro, Sumbing, and ...
- Merbold, Ulf
- German physicist who was the first European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut to go into space, as a payload specialist aboard the U.S. Spacelab-1 flight from Nov. 28 to Dec. 8, ...
- merbromin
- antiseptic used to prevent infection in small cuts and abrasions. Commonly marketed as Mercurochrome, merbromin was the first of a series of antiseptics that contained mercury, a chemical element that ...
- Mercadante, Saverio
- Italian composer and teacher who was a transitional figure in opera composition between Gaetano Donizetti, Gioacchino Rossini, and Vincenzo Bellini on the one hand and Giuseppe Verdi on the other. ...
- Mercader, Ramon
- (from the article "Trotsky, Leon") Trotsky was the object of two assassination attempts, presumably by Stalinist agents. The first, a machine gun attack on his house, failed. The second, by Ramon Mercader, a Spanish Communist ...
- Mercado de Villacorta, Alonso
- (from the article "Panama City") ...to sack old Panama; in 1671, however, Henry (afterward Sir Henry) Morgan completely destroyed it. The new city (Panama Nuevo) was rebuilt 5 miles (8 km) west of the old ...
- Mercado Hill
- (from the article "Durango") ...operations and pulp mills. Although mining has been carried on for years, the deposits of silver, gold, sulfur, tin, coal, mercury, copper, and other minerals have been only partially exploited. ...
- Mercalli scale
- (from the article "Richter, Charles F.") ...1935 the magnitude scale that came to be associated with his name. Based on instrumental recording of ground motion, it provided a quantitative measure of earthquake size and complemented the ...
- Mercanti, Piazza
- (from the article "Milan") ...Within the city centre, the main focus of activity centred on the Castello Sforzesco, a product of the 15th-century dynastic struggles, reinforced by the Spanish in the following century; the ...
- mercantile agency
- specialized organization engaged in supplying information on the creditworthiness and financial strength of business firms in highly developed economies. The first such agency, the Mercantile Agency, was founded in New ...
- mercantile city
- (from the article "urban culture") Mercantile cities appeared at the geographic margins or at times of dissolution of agrarian empires-for example, in medieval and early modern Europe, after a decentralized feudalism had fully replaced the ...
- mercantile open stock policy
- (from the article "insurance") ...explosives and other devices is as great as the loss of the money, jewelry, or securities it contains. Accordingly, the policy covers both types of claims. Another common burglary policy ...
- mercantilism
- economic theory and practice common in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at ... [28 Related Articles]
- mercantilist
- (from the article "ship") ...was so, it should be appreciated that Britain's North American colonies were vital to its merchant marine, for they formed a major part of its trading empire as customers for ...
- Mercantour Massif
- (from the article "Alps") ...valley in Switzerland. Their forms include the low-lying arid limestones of the Maritime Alps near the Mediterranean, the deep cleft of the Verdon Canyon in France, the crystalline peaks of ...
- mercaptide
- (from the article "organosulfur compound") Similar to alcohols, thiols react with alkalies and other bases to form salts. In the presence of heavy metal salts (such as those of mercury, lead, silver, or copper), thiols ...
- mercapto group
- (from the article "chemical compound") ...odour, and striped skunks deter predators by releasing a liquid spray containing 3-methyl-1-butanethiol. When present as a substituent on another structural unit, the SH group is commonly termed mercapto, as ...
- mercaptoacetic acid
- (from the article "organosulfur compound") ...is named butanethiol. The prefix mercapto- is placed before the name of a compound if the &singlehorzbond;SH group is to be named as a substituent, as in mercaptoacetic acid, HSCH2COOH. ...
- mercaptobenzothiazole
- (from the article "accelerator") ...Despite its toxicity, aniline was used as an accelerator for several years. Thiocarbanilide, less poisonous than aniline, succeeded it as the most important accelerator until it was displaced by mercaptobenzothiazole ...
- Mercara
- town, southern Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India, in the Western Ghats, at an elevation of 3,800 feet (1,160 m), on the national highway from Mysore city to Mangalore. In ...
- Mercat Cross
- (from the article "Edinburgh") Opposite St. Giles, slightly to the east, are the City Chambers. This building, completed in 1761 as the Royal Exchange but never used for that purpose, faces the Mercat Cross ...
- Mercator projection
- type of map projection introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. It is often described as a cylindrical projection, but it must be derived mathematically. The meridians are equally spaced, parallel ... [5 Related Articles]
- Mercator, Gerardus
- Flemish cartographer whose most important innovation was a map, embodying what was later known as the Mercator projection, on which parallels and meridians are rendered as straight lines spaced so ... [6 Related Articles]
- Mercator, Isidore
- (from the article "False Decretals") ...False Decretals-also called the Decretals of Pseudo-Isidore because their compilers passed as Saint Isidore of Sevilla, a Spanish encyclopaedist and historian, and sometimes the Collection of Isidore Mercator because they ...
- Merce Cunningham Dance Company
- (from the article "Performing Arts") At the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, an exhibition called "Invention: Merce Cunningham & Collaborators" celebrated one of the masters of modern dance. Cunningham's company toured extensively, ...
- Merced
- city, seat (1872) of Merced county, central California, U.S. It is situated on Bear Creek in the San Joaquin Valley, about 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Fresno. It was ...
- Mercedarian
- religious order founded by St. Peter Nolasco in Spain in 1218, for the purpose of ransoming Christian captives from the Moors. It was originally a military order.
- Mercedario, Cerro
- Andean mountain peak in San Juan provincia (province), western Argentina, near the Chilean border. It rises to 22,211 feet (6,770 metres). [1 Related Articles]
- Mercedes
- city, east-central San Luis provincia (province), west-central Argentina. It is located on the Quinto River in a semiarid transition area between the Pampa (east) and the San ...
- Mercedes
- city, southwestern Uruguay, on the Negro River. The city, which was founded in 1781, is noted for its colonial architecture, beaches, a river promenade, and summertime regattas and tennis tournaments. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Mercedes-Benz
- (from the article "Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance (also called Le Mans 24-Hour Race)") ...its first four-wheeled automobile in 1893 and produced the first of a series of racing cars in 1899. In 1926 the Benz company merged with Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft to form Daimler-Benz, maker ...
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