| | - macroscopic symptom
- (from the article "plant disease") ...of cabbage leaves in hot weather resulting from clubroot or root knot). Microscopic disease symptoms are expressions of disease in cell structure or cell arrangement seen under a microscope. Macroscopic ...
- macrosociology
- (from the article "social structure") Only a few sociologists have developed structural theories that apply to institutions and whole societies-an approach known as macrosociology. Gerhard Lenski in Power and Privilege (1966) classified ...
- Macrotermes natalensis
- (from the article "termite") ...side faces east-west, an orientation that probably functions to help regulate temperature. Spectacular mounds are built by fungus-growing termites in Indomalaya and Africa. Mounds of some African Macrotermes species reach ...
- Macrozamia
- genus of about 40 species of palmlike cycads (plants of the family Zamiaceae), native to Australia and grown elsewhere as ornamental and conservatory specimens. The genus includes tuberous, fernlike plants ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macrozamia hopei
- (from the article "gymnosperm") ...a new set of leaves. After several years these dwarf shoots develop into short, stubby outgrowths from the stem. Stems of cycads are typically short and squat, although the Australian ...
- MacStiofain, Sean
- British-born Irish militant (b. Feb. 17, 1928, London, Eng.-d. May 17, 2001, Navan, County Meath, Ire.), was the first chief of staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army after the ...
- Mactan Island
- coral island, central Philippines, located in the Bohol Strait off the eastern shore of the island of Cebu. Rectangular in shape, the low-lying island has extensive mangrove swamps. It protects ...
- macula
- (from the article "ear, human") ...as the otolith organs (Figure 4). Because they respond to gravitational forces, they are also called gravity receptors. Each sac has on its inner surface a single patch of sensory ...
- macula lutea
- in anatomy, the small yellowish area of the retina near the optic disk that provides central vision. When the gaze is fixed on any object, the centre of the macula, ... [3 Related Articles]
- macula sacculi
- (from the article "ear, human") ...function: Detection of linear acceleration: static equilibrium). In the utricle the macula projects from the anterior wall of that tubular sac and lies primarily in the horizontal plane. In the ...
- macula utriculi
- (from the article "ear, human") ...and which monitors the position of the head relative to the vertical (see The physiology of balance: vestibular function: Detection of linear acceleration: static equilibrium). In the utricle the macula ...
- macular degeneration
- (from the article "nutrition, human") There is evidence that intake of the antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene as well as the mineral zinc may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration, a leading ...
- Macumba
- Afro-Brazilian religion that is characterized by a marked syncretism of traditional African religions, European culture, Brazilian Spiritualism, and Roman Catholicism. Of the several Macumba sects, the most important are Candomble ...
- macuquinas
- (from the article "coin") ...being very nearly round and containing all the lettering and required symbols; but the press or mill type coinage is frequently of very poor appearance. These coins of rude mintage ...
- Macy's
- major American department store chain. Its principal outlet, the 11-story department store that occupies a city block at New York City's Herald Square (34th Street and Broadway), was for many ... [3 Related Articles]
- Macy, Anne Sullivan
- American teacher of Helen Keller, widely recognized for her achievement in educating to a high level a person without sight, hearing, or normal speech. [1 Related Articles]
- Mad War
- (from the article "Anne Of France") ...Duc d'Orleans, the future Louis XII of France; and the States General were convened (1484). When the Beaujeus ignored that assembly's demand to control taxation and hold regular meetings, the ...
- Mada'in Salih
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") ...which is also attested by written records beginning in the first half of the 1st millennium BC. Some sites in the northern Hejaz, such as Dedan (now Al-'Ula), Al-Hijr (now ...
- Madaba
- town, west-central Jordan. It is situated on a highland plain more than 2,500 feet (760 metres) above sea level. The town lies 20 miles (32 km) south of Amman, along ...
- Madaba mosaic map
- (from the article "Madaba") The town is famous in historical cartography for the Madaba mosaic map, thought to be the oldest surviving map of Palestine and the neighbouring territories. The mosaic map, which formed ...
- Madabbar, Johannes
- (from the article "Ethiopian literature") ...About 1600, nevertheless, a few substantial works in Ge'ez appeared, including Hawi, an enormous theological encyclopaedia translated by Salik of Debre Libanos; a History by Johannes Madabbar, bishop of Nikiu, ...
- Madach, Imre
- Hungarian poet whose reputation rests on his ambitious poetic drama Az ember tragediaja (1861; The Tragedy of Man). He is often considered to be Hungary's greatest philosophical poet.
- Madagascan region
- (from the article "biogeographic region") Madagascar is so different from the continent of Africa that it is generally given equal status as a separate region (Figure 2). Mammalian families shared with the African mainland (Paleotropical ...
- Madagascar
- island country lying off the southeastern coast of Africa. Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, after Greenland, New Guinea, and Borneo. Although located some 250 miles (400 ... [27 Related Articles]
- Madagascar jasmine
- (from the article "Stephanotis") ...short-stalked flowers grow in clusters from the leaf axils and have a leafy, five-parted calyx and a tubular, five-lobed corolla that is swollen at its base. The best-known member of ...
- Madagascar periwinkle
- (from the article "malformation") ...tomato flower rather specifically. These structures enlarge greatly under the influence of the virus and fuse to form huge bladderlike structures that may be 10 times or more the normal ...
- Madagascar Plan
- (from the article "Wannsee Conference") The conference marked a turning point in Nazi policy toward the Jews. An earlier idea, to deport all of Europe's Jews to the island of Madagascar, off of Africa, was ...
- Madagascar white-eye
- (from the article "anseriform") ...and the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), both found throughout the Northern Hemisphere; in the latter are the Hawaiian goose, or nene (Branta sandvicensis), and the Madagascar white-eye (Aythya innotata). Extinction has ...
- Madagascar, flag of
- national flag consisting of a horizontal red stripe over a green stripe, with a vertical white stripe at the hoist. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.
- Madagascar, history of
- (from the article "Madagascar") HistoryIndonesiaIndonesiaThe archipelago: its prehistory and early historical records...History suggests that, in the 1st century CE, Indonesian outriggers we
- Madama, Palazzo
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...structural members, and intricate spatial compositions that show his relation to Borromini and also represent significant developments in the relationship between structure and light. Juvarra's Palazzo Madama, Turin (1718-21), has ...
- madambo
- (from the article "Malawi") ...on the infertile plateaus and escarpments. Woodland, with species of acacia tree, covers isolated, more fertile plateau sites and river margins; grass-covered, broad depressions, called madambo (singular: dambo), dot the ...
- Madame Berthe's mouse lemur
- (from the article "primate") Members of the order Primates show a remarkable range of size and adaptive diversity. The smallest primate is Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae) of Madagascar, which weighs some 35 ...
- Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Co.
- (from the article "Walker, Sarah Breedlove") Walker organized agents to sell her hair treatment door-to-door and in 1910 transferred her business-by then the Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Co.-to Indianapolis, Indiana. Her company at its peak employed ...
- Madanapala
- (from the article "Gahadavala Dynasty") ...The Gahadavalas sought to ward off the growing menace of Muslim incursions by expedient alliances and the payment of tributes, at least until the period of Candradeva's son Madanapala (reigned ...
- Madang
- port on the northeastern coast of the island of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea. It lies along Astrolabe Bay of the Bismarck Sea, near the mouth of the Gogol River. ...
- Madani, 'Izz al-Din al-
- (from the article "Arabic literature") Tunisia and Morocco provide some of the best examples of a thriving theatre tradition. The Tunisian writer 'Izz al-Din al-Madani, one of the most fruitful contributors to the history of ...
- Madaniyah
- (from the article "surah") ...which vary in length from several pages to several words, encompasses one or more revelations received by Muhammad from Allah (God). In the traditional Muslim classification, the word Madaniyah ("of ...
- Madariaga y Rojo, Salvador de
- Spanish writer, diplomat, and historian, noted for his service at the League of Nations and for his prolific writing in English, German, and French, as well as Spanish. [1 Related Articles]
- Maddalena Archipelago
- (from the article "Maddalena Island") island. It lies in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean) off the northeast coast of Sardinia. It has an area of 8 square miles (20 square km) and is the ...
- Maddalena Island
- island. It lies in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean) off the northeast coast of Sardinia. It has an area of 8 square miles (20 square km) and is the ...
- Maddalena Pass
- gap between the Cottian Alps (north) and the Maritime Alps (south). The pass lies at 6,548 feet (1,996 m) on the French-Italian border, 12 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Barcelonnette, ...
- Maddalena, La
- (from the article "Maddalena Island") ...miles (20 square km) and is the principal island of the Maddalena Archipelago, which includes the islands of Maddalena, Caprera, Santo Stefano, Spargi, Budelli, Santa Maria, and Razzoli. Its port, ...
- Madden Dam
- (from the article "Chagres River") stream in Panama forming part of the Panama Canal system. It rises in the Cordillera de San Blas, flows south-southwest, and broadens to form Madden Lake (22 square miles [57 ...
- Madden NFL
- video game sports-simulation series created by EA Sports, a division of the American company Electronic Arts, and based on the National Football League (NFL). Its name derives from John Madden, ...
- Madden, Lake
- (from the article "Panama Canal") ...Gatun a series of three locks lift vessels 26 metres (85 feet) to Gatun Lake. The lake, formed by Gatun Dam on the Chagres River and supplemented by waters from ...
- Madden-Julian oscillation
- (from the article "climate") Monsoon rainfall and dry spells alternate on several timescales. One such well-known timescale is found around periods of 40-50 or 30-60 days. This is called the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), named ...
- madder
- any of several species of plants belonging to the genus Rubia of the madder family, Rubiaceae. Rubia tinctorum and R. peregrina are native European plants, and R. cordifolia is native ... [1 Related Articles]
- Madderakka
- Sami goddess of childbirth. She is assisted by three of her daughters-Sarakka, the cleaving woman; Uksakka, the door woman; and Juksakka, the bow woman-who watch over the development of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Maddox, Lester Garfield
- American businessman and politician (b. Sept. 30, 1915, Atlanta, Ga.-d. June 25, 2003, Atlanta), served as governor of Georgia (1967-71) after having garnered national attention in 1964 for refusing to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Maddox, Richard Leach
- (from the article "photography, history of") ...made to find a dry substitute for wet collodion so that plates could be prepared in advance and developed long after exposure, which would thereby eliminate the need for a ...
- Madduwattas
- (from the article "Arzawa") ...It was later reconquered by the Hittite Mursilis II (1339-06 BC). During the reign of the Hittite king Arnuwandas III (1220-1190 BC), Arzawa was seized by a disloyal Hittite vassal, ...
- Maddux, Greg
- American professional baseball player who was one of the game's most successful pitchers, known for his accuracy and his ability to read opponents. He was the first pitcher to win ... [2 Related Articles]
- Maddy, Penelope
- (from the article "mathematics, philosophy of") During the 1980s and '90s, various Americans developed three nontraditional versions of mathematical Platonism: one by Penelope Maddy, a second by Mark Balaguer (the author of this article) and Edward ...
- Madeira
- fortified wine from the Portuguese island of Madeira in the Atlantic. Because the island was a customary port-of-call on the trade routes between Europe and the New World, this durable ...
- Madeira Island
- (from the article "Madeira Islands") Madeira Island, the largest of the group, is 34 miles (55 km) long and has a maximum width of 14 miles (22 km) and a coastline of about 90 miles ...
- Madeira Islands
- archipelago of volcanic origin in the North Atlantic Ocean, belonging to Portugal and comprising two inhabited islands, Madeira and Porto Santo, and two uninhabited groups, the Desertas and the Selvagens. ... [2 Related Articles]
- Madeira River
- major tributary of the Amazon. It is formed by the junction of the Mamore and Beni rivers at Villa Bella, Bolivia, and flows northward forming the border between Bolivia and ... [3 Related Articles]
- Madeira-Mamore Railway
- (from the article "Madeira River") ...Amazon to the Cachoeira (falls) de Santo Antonio 807 miles (1,300 km) upstream, the first of 19 waterfalls or rapids that block further passage, near the town of Porto Velho, ...
- Madeira-vine
- (from the article "Basellaceae") ...vines, distributed primarily in the New World tropics. Members of the family have fleshy, untoothed leaves, tuberous rootstocks, and red or white flowers in branched or unbranched clusters. Madeira-vine, or ...
- Madeleine
- Paris church designed by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon in 1806. The Madeleine, in the form of a Roman temple surrounded by a Corinthian colonnade, reflects the taste for classical art and architecture ... [2 Related Articles]
- madeleine
- delicate, scallop-shaped French tea cake often served with fruit or sherbet. In its preparation, flour, eggs, and sugar are beaten with a large proportion of butter, incorporating as much air ...
- Madeleine of Jesus, Sister
- (from the article "Little Brothers of Jesus and Little Sisters of Jesus") The Little Brothers were founded in 1933 by Rene Voillaume in southern Oran, Alg.; the Little Sisters were founded in September 1939 at Touggourt, Alg., by Sister Madeleine of Jesus. ...
- Madeleine, Church of the
- (from the article "Vezelay") ...Yonne departement, Bourgogne region, north-central France. The village lies on a hill on the left bank of the Cure River. Its history is tied to its great Benedictine abbey, which ...
- mademoiselle
- the French equivalent of "Miss," referring to an unmarried female. Etymologically it means "my (young) lady" (ma demoiselle).
- Madera Volcano
- one of two volcanic cones (the other is Concepcion) forming Ometepe Island in Lake Nicaragua, southwestern Nicaragua. It rises to 4,573 ft (1,394 m) and comprises the southern half of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Maderna, Bruno
- Italian composer of avant-garde and electronic music and a noted conductor.
- Maderno, Carlo
- leading Roman architect of the early 17th century, who determined the style of early Baroque architecture. [6 Related Articles]
- Maderno, Stefano
- (from the article "Western sculpture") ...of Florence, was at a low ebb; and the dry, frankly propagandist nature of the decoration of the Borghese and Sistine chapels in Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome, reveals this only ...
- Madero, Francisco
- Mexican revolutionary and president of Mexico (1911-13) who successfully ousted the dictator Porfirio Diaz by temporarily unifying various democratic and anti-Diaz forces. He proved incapable of controlling the reactions from ... [7 Related Articles]
- Madgaon
- town, west-central Goa state, western India. Madgaon is situated on the railway that extends from Marmagao port to Castle Rock in Karnataka state. The third largest city in Goa, it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Madgearu, Virgil
- (from the article "Romania") ...example, the journalist and theologian Nichifor Crainic-who insisted that the country remain true to its Eastern Orthodox spiritual heritage. In between stood the economist Virgil Madgearu, who advocated a "third ...
- madh
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...identified three principal "purposes" (aghrad) for the public performance of poetry: first, panegyric (madh), the praise of the tribe and its elders, a genre ...
- Madhava
- (from the article "mathematics, South Asian") Some of the most fascinating mathematical developments in India in the 2nd millennium-indeed, in the history of mathematics as a whole-emerged from the now-famous school of Madhava in Kerala on ...
- Madhava I
- (from the article "Ganga Dynasty") The first ruler of the Western Ganga, Konganivarman, carved out a kingdom by conquest, but his successors, Madhava I and Harivarman, expanded their influence by marital and military alliances with ...
- Madhavacarya
- Hindu statesman and philosopher. He lived at the court of Vijayanagar, a southern Indian kingdom. [1 Related Articles]
- Madhloum, Tariq
- (from the article "Nineveh") Most impressive was the Shamash Gate, which has been thoroughly excavated by Tariq Madhloum on behalf of the Iraqi Department of Antiquities. It was found to have been approached across ...
- Madhubani
- town, north-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Darbhanga town. Madhubani derives its name from the abundance of honey that is to be ...
- Madhubuti, Haki R.
- African-American author, publisher, and teacher. [1 Related Articles]
- Madhumati River
- distributary of the upper Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River), flowing through southwestern Bangladesh. It leaves the Padma just north of Kushtia and flows 190 miles (306 km) southeast before turning ...
- Madhupur Tract
- (from the article "Bangladesh") ...and Jamuna (Brahmaputra) rivers. Except for small higher areas of jungle-covered old alluvium (rising to about 100 feet [30 metres]) in the northwest and north-centre-in the Barind and the Madhupur ...
- Madhva
- Hindu philosopher, exponent of Dvaita (q.v.; dualism, or belief in a basic difference in kind between God and individual souls). His followers are called Madhvas. [4 Related Articles]
- Madhya Bharat Plateau
- plateau comprising the northern part of the Central Highlands, central India. Extending over approximately 22,000 square miles (57,000 square km) and including most of northwestern Madhya Pradesh state and central ...
- Madhya Pradesh
- state of India, extending over 114,705 square miles (297,085 square km). As its name implies-madhya means "central" and pradesh means "region" or "state"-it is ... [5 Related Articles]
- madhyamagrama
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...scale the interval ri-pa (E- to A) contains 10 srutis; i.e., one more than the nine of the consonant fourth. Comparably, in the madhyamagrama scale the interval sa-pa (D to ...
- Madhyamika
- (Sanskrit: "Intermediate"), important school in the Mahayana ("Great Vehicle") Buddhist tradition. Its name derives from its having sought a middle position between the realism of the Sarvastivada ("Doctrine That All ... [10 Related Articles]
- Madi
- group of more than 150,000 people who inhabit both banks of the Nile River in northwestern Uganda and in The Sudan. They speak a Central Sudanic language of the Nilo-Saharan ... [1 Related Articles]
- madia oil plant
- (from the article "tarweed") A few species are grown as garden plants for their yellow or brownish yellow flowers and strong odour. The madia oil plant (M. sativa) is raised in Chile for its ...
- Madigan, Cecil Thomas
- (from the article "Simpson Desert") ...1845 and was called (together with Sturt's Stony Desert) the Arunta Desert on a chart prepared by T. Griffith Taylor in 1926. After engaging in an aerial survey of the ...
- madih
- (from the article "Mu'allaqat, Al-") ...movements that describe the poet's horse or camel, scenes of desert events, and other aspects of Bedouin life and warfare. The main theme of the qasida (the ...
- Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie
- South African social worker and activist considered by many black South Africans to be the "Mother of the Nation." She was the second wife of Nelson Mandela, from whom she ... [2 Related Articles]
- Madilu System
- Congolese musician was a singer and a composer who reached near legendary status in Africa, notably in duets with Franco Luambo Makiadi, including "Mario" and "Reponse de Mario" in 1985 ...
- Madinah 'Isa
- planned community in the state and emirate of Bahrain, north-central Bahrain island, in the Persian Gulf. Conceived and underwritten by the Bahraini government as a residential settlement, it was laid ... [1 Related Articles]
- Madinat al-Sha'b
- town, southern Yemen, former administrative capital of Yemen (Aden). The town is located on the Little Aden Peninsula on the western side of Al-Tawahi Bay (Aden Harbour), across from Aden ...
- Madinat Habu
- the necropolis region of western Thebes in Upper Egypt that is enclosed by the outer walls of the mortuary temple built there by Ramses III (1187-56 BCE). This temple, which ... [4 Related Articles]
- Madison
- city, capital (1838) of Wisconsin, U.S., and seat (1836) of Dane county. Madison, Wisconsin's second largest city, lies in the south-central part of the state, centred on an isthmus between ... [1 Related Articles]
- Madison
- city, seat (1873) of Lake county, southeastern South Dakota, U.S. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Sioux Falls. In 1870 settlers William Lee and Charles Walker arrived ...
- Madison
- county, central New York state, U.S., mostly comprising a rugged upland, bounded by Oneida Lake and Chittenango and Oneida creeks to the north and the Unadilla River to the southeast. ...
- Madison
- borough (town), Morris county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies 18 miles (29 km) west of Newark. The borough of Madison includes the communities of Montville, Wood Ridge, and Hopewell ...
- Madison
- city, seat (1811) of Jefferson county, southeastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged), opposite Milton, Ky. Settled about 1808 and named for President James Madison, it flourished ...
- Madison Boulder
- (from the article "Carroll") ...Trail crosses Crawford Notch State Park in the northwest. Other public lands include Wentworth, White Lake, and Echo Lake state parks and Pine River and Hemenway state forests. A landmark ...
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