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Maginot, Andre ... Magosian industry

Maginot, Andre: French statesman for whom a French line of elaborate fortifications against Germany was named. The Maginot Line contributed in large part to French complacency in the face of resurgent German ...
magistrates' court: in England and Wales, any of the inferior courts with primarily criminal jurisdiction covering a wide range of offenses from minor traffic violations and public-health nuisances to somewhat more serious ...
Maglemosian industry: a tool culture of northern Europe dating from the postglacial period, approximately 9000 to 5000 BC. The Maglemosian industry was named after the bog (magle mose, "big bog," in Danish) ...
magma: molten or partially molten rock from which igneous rocks form. It usually consists of silicate liquid, although carbonate and sulfide melts occur as well. Magma migrates either at depth or ...
Magna Carta: the charter of English liberties granted by King John in 1215 under threat of civil war and reissued with alterations in 1216, 1217, and 1225.
Magna Graecia: group of ancient Greek cities along the coast of southern Italy; the people of this region were known to the Greeks as Italiotai and to the Romans as Graeci. The ...
Magnani, Anna: Italian actress, best known for her forceful portrayals of earthy, working-class women.
Magnasco, Alessandro: Italian painter of the late Baroque period distinguished for his landscapes and genre paintings.
Magnentius: usurping Roman emperor from Jan. 18, 350, to Aug. 11, 353. His career forms one episode in the struggles for imperial power that occurred after the death of Constantine the ...
Magnes, Judah Leon: rabbi, religious leader, prime founder and first president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a Zionist who came to favour a binational Arab-Jewish state.
magnesia: white, highly infusible oxide of magnesium (q.v.).
Magnesia ad Maeandrum: ancient inland city of Ionia, situated on a small tributary of the Maeander (Buyukmenderes) River about 12 miles southeast of Ephesus. According to Strabo, it was founded by some Thessalian ...
Magnesia ad Sipylum: city in ancient Lydia, just south of the Hermus (Gediz) River. Though lying in a rich district near prehistoric regions associated with Niobe and Tantalus, and itself going back to ...
magnesioferrite: the mineral magnesium iron oxide, a member of the magnetite (q.v.) series of spinels.
magnesioriebeckite: magnesium-rich variety of the silicate mineral riebeckite (q.v.).
magnesite: the mineral magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃), a member of the calcite group of carbonate minerals that is a principal source of magnesium. The mineral has formed as an alteration product from ...
magnesium: chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of main Group IIa of the periodic table, the lightest structural metal. Known originally through compounds such as Epsom salts (the sulfate), magnesia ...
magnesium deficiency: condition in which magnesium is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Magnesium is a mineral that is essential to a variety of cellular metabolic reactions and sometimes has the ability ...
magnesium processing: preparation of the ore for use in various products.
magnet: any material capable of attracting iron and producing a magnetic field outside itself. By the end of the 19th century all the known elements and many compounds had been tested ...
magnetic ceramics: oxide materials that exhibit a certain type of permanent magnetization called ferrimagnetism. Commercially prepared magnetic ceramics are used in a variety of permanent magnet, transformer, telecommunications, and information recording applications. ...
magnetic circuit: closed path to which a magnetic field, represented as lines of magnetic flux, is confined. In contrast to an electric circuit through which electric charge flows, nothing actually flows in ...
magnetic dipole: generally a tiny magnet of microscopic to subatomic dimensions, equivalent to a flow of electric charge around a loop. Electrons circulating around atomic nuclei, electrons spinning on their axes, and ...
magnetic field: region in the neighbourhood of a magnet, electric current, or changing electric field, in which magnetic forces are observable. Magnetic fields such as that of the Earth cause magnetic compass ...
magnetic force: attraction or repulsion that arises between electrically charged particles because of their motion; the basic force responsible for the action of electric motors and the attraction of magnets for iron. ...
Magnetic Island: island in the Cumberland Islands, off the coast of northeastern Queensland, Australia, in Halifax Bay, an inlet of the Coral Sea. It is one of the most easily accessible islands ...
magnetic mirror: static magnetic field that, within a localized region, has a shape such that approaching charged particles are repelled back along their path of approach.
magnetic monopole: particle with a magnetic charge, a property analogous to an electric charge. As implied by its name, the magnetic monopole consists of a single pole, as opposed to the dipole, ...
magnetic permeability: relative increase or decrease in the resultant magnetic field inside a material compared with the magnetizing field in which the given material is located; or the property of a material ...
magnetic pole: region at each end of a magnet where the external magnetic field is strongest. A bar magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field orients itself in a north-south direction. The ...
magnetic recording: method of preserving sounds, pictures, and data in the form of electrical signals through the selective magnetization of portions of a magnetic material. The principle of magnetic recording was first ...
magnetic resonance: absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation by electrons or atomic nuclei in response to the application of certain magnetic fields. The principles of magnetic resonance are applied in the laboratory ...
magnetic Reynolds number: combination of quantities that indicates the dynamic behaviour of a plasma. This number is analogous to the Reynolds number of ordinary fluid mechanics, which is used to determine whether or ...
magnetic storm: disturbance of the Earth's upper atmosphere brought on by solar flares-i.e., bright eruptions from the visible portion of the Sun's chromosphere. The material associated with these flares consists primarily of ...
magnetic survey: one of the tools used by the exploration geophysicist in his search for mineral-bearing ore bodies or even oil-bearing sedimentary structures. The essential feature is the measurement of the magnetic-field ...
magnetic susceptibility: quantitative measure of the extent to which a material may be magnetized in relation to a given applied magnetic field. The magnetic susceptibility of a material, commonly symbolized by chi_m, ...
magnetic-core storage: any of a class of computer memory devices consisting of a large array of tiny toruses of a hard magnetic material that can be magnetized in either of two directions ...
magnetism: phenomenon associated with the motion of electric charges. This motion can take many forms. It can be an electric current in a conductor or charged particles moving through space, or ...
magnetite: iron oxide mineral (FeFe₂O₄, or Fe₃O₄) that is the chief member of one of the series of the spinel (q.v.) group. Minerals in this series form black to brownish, metallic, ...
magneto: permanent-magnet alternating generator employed when the output of energy required is very small. It is primarily designed to generate current for the ignition of compressed gases in various types of ...
magnetohydrodynamic power generator: any of a class of devices that generate electric current by means of the interaction of an electrically conducting fluid and a magnetic field. Various countries-including Japan, China, Poland, Russia, ...
magnetohydrodynamics: the description of the behaviour of a plasma (q.v.), or, in general, any electrically conducting fluid in the presence of electric and magnetic fields.
magnetometer: instrument for measuring the strength and sometimes the direction of magnetic fields, including those on or near the Earth and in space. Magnetometers are also used to calibrate electromagnets and ...
magneton: unit of magnetic moment (the product of a magnet's pole strength and the distance between its poles) used in the study of subatomic particles. The Bohr magneton, named for the ...
magnetosphere: region in the atmosphere where magnetic phenomena and the high atmospheric conductivity caused by ionization are important in determining the behaviour of charged particles.
magnetostriction: change in the dimensions of a ferromagnetic material, such as iron or nickel, produced by a change in the direction and extent of its magnetization. An iron rod placed in ...
magnetron: diode vacuum tube consisting of a cylindrical (straight wire) cathode and a coaxial anode, between which a dc (direct current) potential creates an electric field. A magnetic field is applied ...
Magnificat: in Christianity, the hymn of praise by Mary, the mother of Jesus, found in Luke 1:46-55 and incorporated into the liturgical services of the Western churches (at Vespers) and of ...
magnification: in optics, the size of an image relative to the size of the object creating it. Linear (sometimes called lateral or transverse) magnification refers to the ratio of image length ...
Magnitogorsk: city, Chelyabinsk oblast (province), western Russia, on both banks of the Ural River. It was founded in 1929 to exploit the rich magnetite iron ore of Mt. Magnitnaya, just east ...
magnitude: in astronomy, measure of the brightness of a star or other celestial body. The brighter the object, the lower the number assigned as a magnitude. In ancient times, stars were ...
Magnolia: city, seat (1853) of Columbia county, southwestern Arkansas, U.S. It is on the West Gulf Coastal Plain between Texarkana and El Dorado, about 80 miles (129 km) northeast of Shreveport, ...
magnolia: any member of the genus Magnolia (family Magnoliaceae; order Magnoliales), about 80 species of trees and shrubs native to North and Central America, the Himalayas, and eastern Asia. They are ...
Magnoliaceae: magnolia family of the order Magnoliales that contains 12 genera and 210 species, including many handsome, fragrant-flowering trees and shrubs. Most have simple leaves and an elongated conelike floral axis ...
Magnoliales: magnolia order of dicotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the subclass Magnoliidae. The order, which is generally regarded as including the most primitive angiosperms, contains 10 families, 181 genera, and ...
Magnoliidae: subclass of woody or herbaceous flowering plants belonging to the class Magnoliopsida.
Magnoliophyta: the division of the angiosperms, or flowering plants, which constitute the greatest number of species and occupy the widest range of habitats among all plant groups. Members range in size ...
Magnoliopsida: one of two classes of the division Magnoliophyta, or angiosperms, the other class being the Liliopsida (monocotyledons, or monocots). Magnoliopsida is the larger of the two classes, containing approximately 175,000 ...
magnon: small quantity of energy corresponding to a specific decrease in magnetic strength that travels as a unit through a magnetic substance.
Magnus effect: generation of a sidewise force on a spinning cylindrical or spherical solid immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas) when there is relative motion between the spinning body and the ...
Magnus I: king of Sweden (1275-90) who helped introduce a feudal class society into Sweden.
Magnus I Olafsson: Norwegian ruler, king of Norway (1035-47) and Denmark (1042-47), who wrested hegemony in the two Scandinavian nations from descendants of Canute the Great (d. 1035), king of Denmark and England.
Magnus II Eriksson: king of Sweden (1319-63) and of Norway (1319-55, as Magnus VII) who devoted himself to defending his Swedish sovereignty against rebellious nobles aided by various foreign leaders, most notably Valdemar ...
Magnus II Haraldsson: joint king of Norway with his brother Olaf III Haraldsson, from 1066 until 1069. He was a son of Harald III Haraldsson.
Magnus III: king of Norway (1093-1103), warrior who consolidated Norwegian rule in the Orkney and Hebrides islands and on the Isle of Man (all now part of the United Kingdom). He was ...
Magnus IV: joint ruler of Norway (1130-35), with Harald IV, whose abortive attempt (1137-39) to wrest sovereignty from Inge I Haroldsson and Sigurd II, sons of Harald IV, ended the first epoch ...
Magnus V Erlingsson: king of Norway (1162-84) who used church support to gain the throne (1162) and become the nation's first crowned monarch (1163). After 1177 his rule was challenged by his rival ...
Magnus VI: king of Norway (1263-80) who transformed the nation's legal system by introducing new national, municipal, and ecclesiastical codes, which also served as a model for many of the Norwegian colonies. ...
Magnus, Johannes: Roman Catholic archbishop and historian, one of the most distinguished scholars of his time, who was exiled as a consequence of the Reformation.
Magnus, Olaus: Swedish ecclesiastic and author of an influential history of Scandinavia.
Magnusson, Arni: Scandinavian antiquarian and philologist who built up the most important collection of early Icelandic literary manuscripts.
Magnusson, Jon: Icelandic parson and author of the Pislarsaga ("Passion Story"), one of the strangest documents of cultural and psychic delusion in all literature.
Mago: a leading Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) against Rome. He was the youngest of the three sons of the Carthaginian statesman and general Hamilcar Barca.
Magog: city, Estrie region, southern Quebec province, Canada, lying along the Magog River, near the foot of Lake Memphremagog, 20 miles (32 km) north of the border with Vermont, U.S. The ...
Magog: in biblical and apocalyptic literature, a hostile power associated with Gog (q.v.).
Magosian industry: stone-tool technology in which an advanced Levallois technique was employed for the production of flakes for the manufacture of other tools, together with a punch technique for the production of ...