analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by the sorting of gaseous ions in electric and magnetic fields according to their mass-to-charge ratios. The instruments used in such studies ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "mass spectrometry") ...the way in which the sorted charged particles are detected. In the mass spectrometer they are detected electrically, in the mass spectrograph by photographic or other nonelectrical means; the term ...
(from the article "mass spectrometry") ...of the various ion species present, Thomson replaced the photographic plate with a metal sheet in which was cut a parabolic slit. By varying the magnetic field, he was able ...
(from the article "cetacean") ...difficulty out of water and usually die. These cases are known (alive or dead) as single strandings. Sometimes up to several hundred toothed whales swim ashore, and this phenomenon is ...
(from the article "angiosperm") The rate at which these substances are transported in the phloem can be measured in various ways-e.g., as velocities in distance traveled per unit time or as mass transfer in ...
the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains. The essential feature of mass transportation is that many people are carried in the ... [14 Related Articles]
principle that the mass of an object or collection of objects never changes, no matter how the constituent parts rearrange themselves. Mass has been viewed in physics in two compatible ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "urban culture") The industrial city, consonant with the rise and consolidation of capitalism in the western European and North American core nations, appears to be rapidly giving way to what has been ...
(from the article "mass") With the advent of the special theory of relativity by Einstein in 1905, the notion of mass underwent a radical revision. Mass lost its absoluteness. The mass of an object ...
(from the article "physical science, principles of") ...laws, that of energy and that of mass (the latter particularly the outcome of countless experiments involving chemical change), is in this view perfectly true, but together they constitute a ...
(from the article "analysis") This is the analytical method in which ions or ionic fragments of an analyte are separated based on mass-to-charge ratios (m/z). Most mass spectrometers have four major components: an inlet ...
city, Toscana (Tuscany) regione, north-central Italy. Massa lies in the Frigido Valley at the foot of the Apuan Alps near the Ligurian coast, just southeast of Carrara and La Spezia. ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Automobile Racing") ...two-time champion Fernando Alonso of Spain. In the end Raikkonen was a worthy world champion with six victories to his credit, compared with four each for Hamilton and Alonso. Ferrari's ...
North American Indian tribe that in the 17th century may have numbered 3,000 individuals living in more than 20 villages distributed along what is now the Massachusetts coast. Members of ... [3 Related Articles]
constituent state of the United States of America. It was one of the original 13 states and is one of the 6 New England states lying in the northeastern corner ... [33 Related Articles]
inlet of the North Atlantic Ocean, extending southward for about 60 miles (100 km) from Cape Ann to Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S. It includes Nahant, Boston, Plymouth, and Cape Cod ...
one of the original English settlements in present Massachusetts, settled in 1630 by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England under Governor John Winthrop. In 1629 the Massachusetts ... [11 Related Articles]
(from the article "Boston") Boston was settled in 1630 by English Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Company, who, for religious and political reasons, put the Atlantic Ocean between themselves and the Church of England. ...
(from the article "business organization") The second class comprises the English unit trust and the European fonds d'investissements or Investmentfonds, which fulfill the same functions as American mutual funds; the Massachusetts business trust (now little ...
(from the article "Maine") ...settlers in Maine chafed under Massachusetts rule, but the merchants of the coastal towns resisted the separation movement until the War of 1812, when popular resentment against the failure of ...
(from the article "United States") ...the spring of 1774, with hardly any opposition, Parliament passed a series of measures designed to reduce Massachusetts to order and imperial discipline. The port of Boston was closed, and, ...
(from the article "biblical literature") ...the first New Testament in any language of the Americas belongs to John Eliot, a Puritan missionary, who made it accessible to the Massachusetts Indians in 1661. Two years later ...
privately controlled coeducational institution of higher learning famous for its scientific and technological training and research. It was chartered by the state of Massachusetts in 1861 and became a land-grant ... [11 Related Articles]
(from the article "radar") ...at the University of Birmingham. In 1940 the British generously disclosed to the United States the concept of the magnetron, which then became the basis for work undertaken by the ...
(from the article "Christian Science") ...lost element of healing." It was not until her years in Boston (1882-89), however, that the movement began to grow, largely through the healing work performed by Eddy's students from ...
(from the article "Art and Art Exhibitions") Money was at the heart of one of the art world's more interesting controversies in 2007. The Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (MASS MoCA), North Adams, made headlines when it ...
state university system consisting of five coeducational campuses at Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth (in North Dartmouth), Lowell, and Worcester. The main campus, at Amherst, provides a comprehensive array of courses within ...
(from the article "Mauretania") Its native inhabitants, seminomadic pastoralists of Berber stock, were known to the Romans as the Mauri (i.e., Moors) and the Massaesyli. From the 6th century BC the Phoenicians and Carthaginians ...
in medicine, systematic and scientific manipulation of body tissues, performed with the hands for therapeutic effect on the nervous and muscular systems and on systemic circulation. It was used more ...
(from the article "poultry processing") ...flavourings, spices, and salt. Tumbling and massaging are gentle methods that produce a uniform meat mixture. A tumbler is a slowly rotating drum that works the meat into a smooth ...
(from the article "Alexander the Great") ...of modern Leninabad (Khojent) on the Jaxartes, he founded a city, Alexandria Eschate, "the farthest." Meanwhile, Spitamenes had raised all Sogdiana in revolt behind him, bringing in the Massagetai, a ...
(from the article "Congo") Corruption, incompetence, mass disapproval, general strikes, and lack of French support led to Youlou's ouster in 1963. His successor, Alphonse Massamba-Debat, shifted policies to the left, notably by founding the ...
(from the article "Ndongo") ...kingdom intervened on Dias de Novais's behalf and rescued his forces, who then waged war against Ndongo. During this conflict, the Portuguese established an important inland fort on the Cuanza ...
(from the article "Shenandoah Valley") ...in Virginia. The valley, approximately 150 miles (240 km) long and about 25 miles (40 km) wide, is often considered to extend southward to the James River and thus to ...
small North American rattlesnake of the family Viperidae, found in prairies, swamps, and woodlands from the Great Lakes to Arizona. It is typically 45 to 75 cm (18 to 30 ... [1 Related Articles]
(b. c. 1590, near present Bristol, R.I., U.S.-d. 1661, near Bristol), Wampanoag Indian chief who throughout his life maintained peaceful relations with English settlers in the area of the Plymouth ... [5 Related Articles]
port city, Eritrea, in the Bay of Massawa on the Red Sea. It is connected to Asmara, the national capital, on the hinterland plateau (40 miles [64 km] west-southwest) by ... [3 Related Articles]
village and town (township), St. Lawrence county, northern New York, U.S., 76 miles (122 km) southwest of Montreal, Canada. It is the location of the headquarters of the St. Lawrence ...
leading French opera composer of his generation, whose music is admired for its lyricism, sensuality, occasional sentimentality, and theatrical aptness. [5 Related Articles]
American monthly journal of arts and politics, socialist in its outlook. It was known for its innovative treatment of illustration and for its news articles and social criticism. [3 Related Articles]
(from Greek masasthai, "to chew"), prominent muscle of the jaw. The masseter arises from the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and is inserted at the rear of the mandible ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Canada") In 1951 the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences issued a report (what became known as the Massey Report) warning that Canadian culture had become ...
British actor in motion pictures, television, and--most notably--the theatre; his versatility was illustrated by his stylish performances in plays by William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, and Harold Pinter; ...
(from the article "geography") ...the contingent circumstances for future decisions also change-and there can be no general laws of outcomes, only of basic processes. This argument was forcefully made by the British geographer Doreen ...
New Zealand statesman, prime minister (1912-25), lifelong spokesman for agrarian interests, and opponent of left-wing movements. His Reform Party ministries included leadership of the country during World War I. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Iran, ancient") ...emperor Gordian levied in all of the Roman empire an army of Goths and Germans and marched against Asuristan [Iraq], the empire of Iran and us. On the border of ...
one of the two forms of lead oxide (PbO) that occurs as a mineral (the other form is litharge). Massicot forms by the oxidation of galena and other lead minerals ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "United Kingdom") ...Change was far more pronounced in the towns than in the countryside and among the prosperous than among the poor. The latter category was still very large; in the late ...
upland area in south-central France. Bordered by the lowlands of Aquitaine on the west, the Paris Basin and the Loire River valley on the north, the Rhone-Saone river valley on ... [8 Related Articles]
city, Stark county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., 8 miles (13 km) west of Canton, on the Tuscarawas River. Settled (1811) by New Englanders, it developed from two villages called Kendal and ...
(from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") The islands off the extreme southeastern tip of New Guinea were linked by the kula trading cycle, which distributed not only shell valuables-the ostensible motive of the transactions-but also quantities ...
type of stylized, curvilinear carving found in the Massim region, one of the major stylistic areas of Papua New Guinea. The Massim region, located in the southeast, includes the Trobriand, ...
(from the article "Rome") The three architecturally celebrated palaces in this palace-studded quarter are the Cancelleria, the Farnese, and the Massimo alle Colonne. Because all the pertinent documents were destroyed in the Spanish sack ...
(from the article "trip-hop") ...trip-hop originated in Bristol, Eng., a West Country port known for its leisurely pace of life (see Creative Centres map: Bristol overview 1990). Spawned from the town's postpunk bohemia, Massive ...
(from the article "mining") Several of the methods described above (e.g., blasthole stoping, sublevel caving) can be applied to the extraction of massive deposits, but the method specifically developed for such deposits is called ...
(from the article "nuclear strategy") The strategy that emerged from these considerations became known as "massive retaliation," following a speech made by U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in January 1954, when he declared ...
(from the article "subatomic particle") Massive neutrinos and supersymmetric particles both provide possible explanations for the nonluminous, or "dark," matter that is believed to constitute 90 percent or more of the mass of the universe. ...
(from the article "The Virtual World of Online Gaming") ...The most populous, Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft, drew seven million subscribers (with more than five million in China alone). This total represented more than half of the massively multiplayer ...
(from the article "supercomputer") ...he developed to facilitate processor communication was a 12-dimensional "hypercube"-i.e., each chip was directly linked to 12 other chips. These machines quickly became known as massively parallel computers. Besides opening ...
French painter and engraver chiefly remembered for his portrait engravings, which were cut exclusively with a graver, or burin. Masson's portrait of "The Grey-Headed Man" and his "Christ with the ...
(from the article "biography") ...who follow him. During the 19th century, the Life of Milton: Narrated in Connection with the Political, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History of his Time (7 vol., 1859-94), by David Masson, ...
(from the article "Life Sciences") The discovery of embryos of the primitive dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus, which was believed to be related to the sauropods, provided insights into its developmental growth. Although adult members of this ...
(from the article "Tennis") At the Olympic Games in Athens, Henin-Hardenne and Chile's Nicolas Massu captured gold medals by taking the singles titles. Henin-Hardenne upended Amelie Mauresmo of France in a straight-set final, and ...
(from the article "Massys, Quentin") ...of Holofernes" of a later date, now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows Italian or French influence, as does "Lot and His Daughters" (1563; Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). Cornelis ...
(from the article "Massys, Quentin") Massys' two sons were artists. Jan (1509-75), who became a master in the guild of Antwerp in 1531, was banished in 1543 for his heretical opinions, spent 15 years in ...
in botany, nuts or fruits of trees and shrubs, such as beechnuts, acorns, and berries, that accumulate on the forest floor, providing forage for game animals and swine. Mast has ...
(from the article "fluid mechanics") When a yacht is sailing into the wind, its sail acts as an airfoil of which the mast is the leading edge, and the considerations that favour long wings for ...
tissue cell of the immune system of vertebrate animals. Mast cells mediate inflammatory responses such as hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. They are scattered throughout the connective tissues of the body, ... [5 Related Articles]
(from the article "community ecology") ...commonly scour the ground for each year's seed crop, eating most of the seeds produced by many different species each year. To defend against these predators, certain plants are thought ...
(from the article "Giza, Pyramids of") Surrounding the three pyramids are extensive fields of flat-topped funerary structures called mastabas; arranged in a grid pattern, the mastabas were used for the burials of relatives or officials of ...
(from the article "perciform") ...jaws. One species, freshwater; Malay Archipelago and Peninsula.Eel-like; head elongated with fleshy, mobile proboscis projecting beyond lower jaw; soft dorsal fin preceded by series of...spiny eels
(from the article "Jainism") The most famous of all Jain festivals, Mastakabhisheka ("Head Anointment"), is performed every 12 years at the Digambara sacred complex at Shravana Belgola ("White Lake of the Ascetics") in Karnataka ...
surgical removal of a breast, usually to remove a malignancy but also performed in the treatment of other conditions (e.g., cystic breast disease) and for other medical reasons. Mastectomy is ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "degree") ...and was awarded to a candidate who had studied the prescribed texts in the trivium (grammar, rhetoric, and logic) for three or four years and had successfully passed examinations held ...
(from the article "work") ...importance, reaching their peak in the 14th century. Their purpose was to limit the supply of labour in a profession and to control production. Guild members were ranked according to ...
(from the article "agency") About this time, the doctrine of principal and agent developed in England as an outgrowth or expansion of the doctrine of master and servant. Anglo-Norman law created the figures of ...
(from the article "logic, history of") Diodorus Cronus originated a mysterious argument called the Master Argument. It claimed that the following three propositions are jointly inconsistent, so that at least one of them is false: Everything ...
(from the article "work, history of the organization of") The master builder, who planned and directed the erection of the pyramids and other great structures, occupied a high position in society. Ancestor of the modern architect and engineer, he ...
(from the article "clock") In a master clock system, electricity is used to give direct impulses to the pendulum, which in turn causes the clock's gear train to move, or to lift a lever ...
(from the article "blood") ...in minute amounts, CSFs can stimulate the division and differentiation of precursor cells into mature blood cells and thus exert powerful regulatory influences over the production of blood cells. A ...
unidentified late Gothic German goldsmith and engraver who signed many of his engravings with the monogram E.S. and who was one of the outstanding early printmakers of Europe. [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "painting, Western") ...light and shade. This "discovery of light," partial and piecemeal as it was, began around 1270-80 but is particularly associated with a well-known Parisian royal illuminator called Master Honore, who ...
(from the article "work, history of the organization of") Directing the guild craftsmen was the master mason, who functioned as architect, administrative official, building contractor, and technical supervisor. He designed the molds, or patterns, used to cut the stones ...
(from the article "degree") ...a lengthier period of work. British and American universities customarily grant the bachelor's as the first degree in arts or sciences. After one or two more years of coursework, the ...
(from the article "France") ...the constable, and the admiral. Also included in the council were the great territorial magnates, members of powerful aristocratic families, and the country's leading prelates. There were also masters of ...
(from the article "property law") The establishment of a comprehensive zoning code requires a considerable amount of planning. A full-scale plan, sometimes called a master plan, requires an accurate inventory of the population and of ...
(from the article "motion-picture technology") For theatrical distribution, exhibition release prints are not normally struck from the original camera negative. The original negative is used to make a master positive, sometimes known as the protection ...
(from the article "tort") ...liability that makes the employer liable for the employee's wrongs. However, German law and, in varying degrees, other German-inspired systems have opted for what is sometimes called the "master's tort" ...
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...than 100,000 customers after nine persons, including seven bank employees, were charged with trying to steal financial information belonging to customers. Another security breach was reported by MasterCard International, which ...
(from the article "Bunraku") ...a traditional Bunraku theatre in Osaka. Today performances are held in Kokuritsu Bunraku Gekijo (National Bunraku Theatre; opened 1984) in Osaka. In 2003 UNESCO declared Bunraku a Masterpiece of the ...
