| | - Macdonald, Cynthia
- American poet who employed a sardonic, often flippant tone and used grotesque imagery to comment on the mundane.
- Macdonald, Flora
- Scottish Jacobite heroine who helped Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, the Stuart claimant to the British throne, to escape from Scotland after his defeat in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745-46. ...
- Macdonald, Frances
- (from the article "graphic design") ...form, and inspired in part by the theories and work of the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, architects Charles Rennie Mackintosh and J. Herbert McNair joined artists (and sisters) Margaret ...
- Macdonald, George
- novelist of Scottish life, poet, and writer of Christian allegories of man's pilgrimage back to God, who is remembered chiefly, however, for his allegorical fairy stories, which have continued to ...
- Macdonald, Jacques, duc de Tarente
- French general who was appointed marshal of the empire by Napoleon.
- Macdonald, John
- (from the article "Celtic literature") ...is fresh and natural. She inherited the imagery of the bardic poets but placed it in a new setting, and her metres were strophic (having repeating patterns of lines) rather ...
- Macdonald, John
- (from the article "Celtic literature") ...(Lachlann Mac Thearlaich Oig); John Mackay (Am Piobaire Dall), whose Coire an Easa ("The Waterfall Corrie") was significant in the development of Gaelic nature poetry; John Macdonald (Iain Dubh Mac ...
- MacDonald, John D.
- American fiction writer whose mystery and science-fiction works were published in more than 70 books. He is best remembered for his series of 24 crime novels featuring private investigator Travis ...
- Macdonald, John Sandfield
- prime minister of the Province of Canada (1862-64) and first premier of Ontario (1867-71). [1 Related Articles]
- Macdonald, Kenneth C.
- (from the article "ocean") ...during the Challenger Expedition of the 1870s. It was described in its gross form during the 1950s and '60s by oceanographers, including Heezen, Ewing, and Henry W. Menard. During the ...
- Macdonald, Margaret
- (from the article "graphic design") ...issues of form, and inspired in part by the theories and work of the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, architects Charles Rennie Mackintosh and J. Herbert McNair joined artists (and ...
- MacDonald, Ramsay
- first Labour Party prime minister of Great Britain, in the Labour governments of 1924 and 1929-31 and in the national coalition government of 1931-35. [9 Related Articles]
- Macdonald, Ross
- American mystery writer who is credited with elevating the detective novel to the level of literature with his compactly written tales of murder and despair.
- Macdonald, Sir Hector
- British soldier who won the rare distinction of rising from the ranks to major general. The son of a crofter-mason, he enlisted as a private in the Gordon Highlanders at ...
- Macdonald, Sir James Ronald Leslie
- British soldier, engineer, and explorer who carried out a geographical exploration of British East Africa (now Kenya and Uganda) while surveying for a railroad and later mapped the previously untravelled ...
- Macdonald, Sir John
- the first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada (1867-73, 1878-91), who led Canada through its period of early growth. Though accused of devious and unscrupulous methods, he is remembered ... [11 Related Articles]
- Macdonald-Wright, Stanton
- painter and teacher who, with Morgan Russell, founded the movement known as Synchromism about 1912. Synchromism proclaimed colour to be the basis of expression in painting, and, although the movement ... [2 Related Articles]
- MacDonnell Ranges
- mountain system in south central Northern Territory, Australia, a series of bare quartzite and sandstone parallel ridges that rise from a plateau 2,000 ft (600 m) above sea level and ...
- MacDonnell, Sir Richard Graves
- (from the article "Gairdner, Lake") ...simultaneously by Stephen Hack and Peter E. Warburton, it is named after Gordon Gairdner, former chief clerk in the Australian Department of the Colonial Office. Lake Gairdner was described by ...
- MacDonnell, Sorley Boy
- Irish Somhairle Buidhe MacDonnell Scots-Irish chieftain of Ulster, foe and captive of the celebrated Shane O'Neill. [1 Related Articles]
- Macdonough, Thomas
- U.S. naval officer who won one of the most important victories in the War of 1812 at the Battle of Plattsburg (or Lake Champlain) against the British. [1 Related Articles]
- MacDowell Colony
- retreat for artists, the oldest and among the largest artist colonies in the United States. It was founded in 1907 by pianist Marian Nevins MacDowell (1857-1956) and her husband, composer ... [2 Related Articles]
- MacDowell, Edward (Alexander)
- U.S. composer known especially for his piano pieces in smaller forms. As one of the first to incorporate native materials into his works, he helped establish an independent American musical ... [2 Related Articles]
- MacDowell, Marian Nevins
- (from the article "MacDowell Colony") retreat for artists, the oldest and among the largest artist colonies in the United States. It was founded in 1907 by pianist Marian Nevins MacDowell (1857-1956) and her husband, composer ...
- Macduff
- (from the article "Macbeth") ...wife realize that the moment has arrived for them to carry out a plan of regicide that they have long contemplated. Spurred by his wife, Macbeth kills Duncan, and the ...
- mace
- spice consisting of the dried aril, or lacy covering, of the nutmeg fruit of Myristica fragrans, a tropical evergreen tree. Mace has a slightly warm taste and a fragrance similar ... [3 Related Articles]
- mace
- (from the article "military technology") ...tools-the spear-thrower (atlatl), the simple bow, the javelin, and the sling-had serious military potential, but the first known implements designed purposely as offensive weapons were maces dating from the Chalcolithic ...
- Mace, James
- professional boxer and English heavyweight champion who is considered by some authorities to have been world champion. He was the first fighter of consequence to show interest in the Marquess ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macedo, Jose Agostinho de
- Portuguese didactic poet, critic, and pamphleteer notable for his acerbity. [1 Related Articles]
- Macedonia
- country of the southern Balkans. It is bordered to the north by Kosovo and Serbia, to the east by Bulgaria, to the south by Greece, and to the west by ... [32 Related Articles]
- Macedonia
- ancient kingdom centred on the plain in the northeastern corner of the Greek peninsula, at the head of the Gulf of Thermai. In the 4th century BC it achieved hegemony ... [22 Related Articles]
- Macedonia
- , traditional region of Greece, comprising the northern and northeastern portions of that country. Greek Macedonia has an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,200 square km). It is bounded ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macedonia
- region in the south-central part of the Balkan Peninsula that comprises northern and northeastern Greece, the southwestern corner of Bulgaria, and the independent Republic of Macedonia. [14 Related Articles]
- Macedonia, flag of
- national flag consisting of a red field with a golden central disk and golden rays extending to the flag edges. It has a width-to-length ratio of 1 to 2.
- Macedonia, history of
- (from the article "Macedonia") As described in this article's introduction, the name Macedonia is applied both to a region encompassing the present-day Republic of Macedonia and portions of Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece and to ...
- Macedonian
- (from the article "Bulgaria") ...largest minority, comprise about one-tenth of the citizenry and live in some regions of the northeast and in the eastern Rhodope Mountains region. Roma (Gypsies) are another sizable minority. Macedonians, ...
- Macedonian language
- South Slavic language that is most closely related to Bulgarian and is written in the Cyrillic alphabet. Macedonian is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia, where it is ... [2 Related Articles]
- Macedonian literature
- literature written in the South Slavic Macedonian language. [5 Related Articles]
- Macedonian Orthodox Church
- (from the article "Macedonia") The dispute between the Macedonian and Serbian Orthodox churches continued as the Serbian Orthodox Church decided to recognize only the breakaway Archbishopric of Ohrid as canonical. On June 23 an ...
- Macedonian question
- a dispute that occurred during the 19th and 20th centuries among the Balkan powers over possession of the territory of Macedonia. An attempt by Bulgaria to seize the area from ...
- Macedonian Wars
- (3rd and 2nd centuries BC), four conflicts between the ancient Roman Republic and the kingdom of Macedonia. They caused increasing involvement by Rome in Greek affairs and helped lead to ... [12 Related Articles]
- Macedonianism
- a 4th-century Christian heresy that denied the full personality and divinity of the Holy Spirit. According to this heresy, the Holy Spirit was created by the Son and was thus ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macedonius
- Greek bishop of Constantinople (Istanbul) and a leading moderate Arian theologian in the 4th-century Trinitarian controversy. His teaching concerning the Son, or Logos (Greek: "the Word"), oscillated between attributing to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macedonius
- (from the article "Aquileia") ...and east. After the condemnation in 554 by Pope Vigilius of the Three Chapters (heretical writings based on the emperor Justinian's ecclesiastical policies), Aquileia seceded from Rome, its bishop Macedonius ...
- macehual
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") ...and the professional warriors. Society was divided into three well-defined castes. At the top were the pipiltin, nobles by birth and members of the royal lineage. Below them was the ...
- Maceio
- capital, Alagoas estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is situated below low bluffs on a level strip of land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Norte (or Mundau) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macek, Vladimir
- nationalist and leader of the Croatian Peasant Party who opposed Serbian domination of Yugoslavia. He served as deputy prime minister in the Yugoslav government from 1939 to 1941. [2 Related Articles]
- macellum
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...meat and vegetables. For the latter kind of commerce, however, structures architecturally distinct from the forum though superficially similar were developed. One is the macellum, which was ...
- Macenta
- town, southeastern Guinea. It is located in the Guinea Highlands (at 2,033 feet [620 m]) on the road from Nzerekore to Gueckedou and is the chief trading centre for the ...
- MacEntyre, Eduardo
- (from the article "Latin American art") ...geometry to create illusionistic canvases in the 1960s that seem to billow and scintillate with closely placed contrasting colours, qualities that also allied him with the Op art movement. Eduardo ...
- Maceo, Antonio
- (from the article "Cuba") ...call for U.S. annexation of Cuba. Spain promised to reform the island's political and economic system at the Convention of Zanjon (1878), which ended the war. However, the nationalist leader ...
- maceral
- any of the numerous microscopically recognizable, individual organic constituents of coal with characteristic physical and chemical properties. Macerals are analogous to minerals in inorganic rocks, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Macerata
- city, Marche regione, central Italy. It is situated on a hill between the Potenza and Chienti rivers, south of Ancona. The town was built in the 10th ...
- maceration
- (from the article "essential oil") ...and to rupture some of the cell walls of oil-bearing glands. Steam distillation is by far the most common and important method of production, and extraction with cold fat (enfleurage) ...
- Macewen, Sir William
- (from the article "medicine, history of") ...of all the surgical specialties, neurosurgery was nevertheless one of the first to emerge. The techniques and principles of general surgery were inadequate for work in such a delicate field. ...
- Macfadden, Bernarr
- American physical culturist who, by sometimes eccentric means, spread the gospel of physical fitness and created a popular magazine empire. [3 Related Articles]
- Macfarquhar, Colin
- Scottish printer, who, with Andrew Bell, founded the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1768. [3 Related Articles]
- MacGillivray, Greg
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...by the Directors Guild, and took top honours at the Chicago International Film Festival, the High Falls Film Festival (Rochester, N.Y.), and other events. In Coral Reef Adventure (2003), Greg ...
- Macgillycuddy's Reeks
- (Irish: "ridge" or "crests"), mountain range on the Iveragh peninsula in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. Its geological basis is a long anticlinal range of Devonian sandstones that was strongly glaciated, ...
- MacGregor, John
- (from the article "canoeing") In the 1860s John MacGregor, a Scottish lawyer, sportsman, traveler, and philanthropist, was a major figure in the development of canoeing as recreation and sport. He designed sailing canoes, which ...
- MacGregor, Sir Ian
- British industrialist (b. Sept. 21, 1912, Kinlochleven, Scot.--d. April 13, 1998, Taunton, Eng.), gained a reputation for having a ruthless, no-nonsense approach to reducing costs in ailing businesses and was ...
- MacGregor, Sir James
- (from the article "Celtic literature") ...in the 9th-century Book of Deer. The most important early Gaelic literary manuscript is The Book of the Dean of Lismore, an anthology of verse compiled between 1512 and 1526 ...
- Mach cone
- (from the article "sonic boom") ...or changes of pressure. At supersonic speeds, however, the pressure field is confined to a region extending mostly to the rear and extending from the craft in a restricted widening ...
- Mach number
- in fluid mechanics, ratio of the velocity of a fluid to the velocity of sound in that fluid, named after Ernst Mach (1838-1916), an Austrian physicist and philosopher. In the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Mach'ang
- (from the article "pottery") ...in the provinces of Honan and Kansu. Perhaps the best known of these wares is a series of large urns of red polished pottery with geometric decoration found in the ...
- Mach's bands
- (from the article "Mach, Ernst") ...he continued to identify himself as a physicist and to conduct physical research throughout his career. During the 1860s he discovered the physiological phenomenon that has come to be called ...
- Mach's construction
- (from the article "fluid mechanics") The diagrams in Figure 8 show a well-known construction attributed to the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach that explains the origin of the shock front accompanying a supersonic projectile. The circular ...
- Mach's principle
- in cosmology, hypothesis that the inertial forces experienced by a body in nonuniform motion are determined by the quantity and distribution of matter in the universe. It was so called ... [2 Related Articles]
- Mach, Ernst
- Austrian physicist and philosopher who established important principles of optics, mechanics, and wave dynamics and who supported the view that all knowledge is a conceptual organization of the data of ... [8 Related Articles]
- Macha
- in Celtic religion, one of three war goddesses; it is also a collective name for the three, who were also referred to as the three Morrigan. As an individual, Macha ... [1 Related Articles]
- Macha, Karel Hynek
- literary artist who is considered the greatest poet of Czech Romanticism. [3 Related Articles]
- MacHack VI
- (from the article "chess") Computers began to compete against humans in the late 1960s. In February 1967 MacHack VI, a program written by Richard Greenblatt, an MIT undergraduate, drew one game and lost four ...
- machada
- (from the article "ukulele") (Hawaiian: "flea"), small guitar derived from the machada, or machete, a four-stringed guitar introduced into Hawaii by the Portuguese in the 1870s. It is seldom more than 24 inches (60 ...
- Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria
- Brazilian poet, novelist, and short-story writer, a classic master of Brazilian and world literature, whose art is rooted in the traditions of European culture and transcends the influence of Brazilian ... [3 Related Articles]
- Machado de Castro, Joachim
- (from the article "Portugal") Sculpture found rich expression in the magnificent tombs of the 12th and 13th centuries, and late 18th-century Baroque wood sculptures, of which the creches of Joachim Machado de Castro are ...
- Machado y Morales, Gerardo
- hero in the Cuban War of Independence (1895-98) who was later elected president by an overwhelming majority, only to become one of Cuba's most powerful dictators. [1 Related Articles]
- Machado, Antonio
- outstanding Spanish poet and playwright of Spain's Generation of '98. [2 Related Articles]
- Machado, Bernardino Luis
- Brazilian-born political leader who was twice president of Portugal (1915-17, 1925-26). [1 Related Articles]
- Machado, Manuel
- Spanish poet and playwright, brother of Antonio Machado. The son of an Andalusian folklorist, he is best known for his popular poetry inspired by traditional folklore, as in Cante hondo ... [1 Related Articles]
- Machado, Rodolfo
- (from the article "Architecture") ...Denver Art Museum featured a dramatic free-form pile of sharply angular shapes of shining titanium. Resembling a frozen explosion, the building became an instant city landmark. American architects Machado and ...
- Machaerium
- (from the article "jacaranda") The name jacaranda is also applied to several tree species of the genus Machaerium of the pea family (Fabaceae), from which some of the commercial rosewoods are obtained. Jacaranda cabinet ...
- Machala
- city, southwestern Ecuador, in the Pacific coastal lowlands 2 mi (3 km) from the Gulf of Guayaquil. A commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural region, the city trades in bananas, ...
- Machang culture
- (from the article "China") ...ease, were the most prominent. Related designs involving sawtooth lines, gourd-shaped panels, spirals, and zoomorphic stick figures were painted on pots of the Banshan (mid-3rd millennium) and Machang (last half ...
- Machaty, Gustav
- Czech motion-picture director whose films became world-famous for treating mature subjects in a stylishly erotic manner.
- Machaut, Guillaume de
- French poet and musician, greatly admired by contemporaries as a master of French versification and regarded as one of the leading French composers of the Ars Nova (q.v.) musical style ... [14 Related Articles]
- Machel, Samora
- Mozambican politician, who was the first president of independent Mozambique (1975-86). [3 Related Articles]
- Machen, Arthur
- Welsh novelist and essayist, a forerunner of 20th-century Gothic science fiction.
- Machen, John Gresham
- American Presbyterian theologian and fundamentalist leader. [1 Related Articles]
- Machendra Jatra
- (from the article "Kathmandu") Festivals in Kathmandu include, in spring, the Shivaratri and the Machendra Jatra with its procession bearing the image of the god Machendra; in late summer, the Gai Jatra (festival of ...
- Machias
- town, seat (1790) of Washington county, eastern Maine, U.S., near the mouth of the Machias River, at the head of Machias Bay, 84 miles (135 km) east-southeast of Bangor. It ...
- Machiavelli, Bernardo
- (from the article "Machiavelli, Niccolo") From the 13th century onward, Machiavelli's family was wealthy and prominent, holding on occasion Florence's most important offices. His father, Bernardo, a doctor of laws, was nevertheless among the family's ...
- Machiavelli, Niccolo
- Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman, secretary of the Florentine republic, whose most famous work, The Prince (Il Principe), brought him a reputation as an atheist and an immoral cynic. [27 Related Articles]
- machicolation
- (from the article "castle") ...moats from being crossed. The gateway was often protected by a barbican-a walled outwork in front of the gate-and the passage through the gateway was defended by portcullises, doors, and ...
- Machida
- city, Tokyo to (metropolis), Honshu, Japan, on the border of Kanagawa Prefecture (ken). Situated on the southern slopes of the Tama Hills, the city was formed by the amalgamation of ...
- Machimoi
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") ...Amon and thus became heiress to the position of God's Wife. Essential to the settling of internal conflicts was the Saite dynasty's superior army, composed of Libyan soldiers, whom the ...
- Machimura, Nobutaka
- (from the article "Japan") The Japanese government issued an official protest on April 16 against China's failure to halt the vandalism. When Foreign Minister Nobutaka Machimura demanded an apology and payment for damages, his ...
- Machin, John
- English mathematician, notable for studies in finding the area of a circle. In 1706 he was the first to compute the value of the constant pi to 100 decimal places. ...
- machine
- device, having a unique purpose, that augments or replaces human or animal effort for the accomplishment of physical tasks. This broad category encompasses such simple devices as the lever, wedge, ... [11 Related Articles]
- machine art
- (from the article "Leger, Fernand") French painter who was deeply influenced by modern industrial technology and Cubism. He developed "machine art," a style characterized by monumental mechanistic forms rendered in bold colours.
- machine display
- (from the article "human-factors engineering") ...The simplest model of a man-machine unit consists of an individual operator working with a single machine. In any machine system, the human operator first has to sense what is ...
- machine finish
- (from the article "papermaking") ...only slightly beaten in stock preparation. The sheet is lightly calendered (pressed between rollers) to provide a degree of surface smoothness while preserving the antique or eggshell appearance. Machine finish ...
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