| | - Lunar Orbiter
- any of a series of five unmanned U.S. spacecraft placed in orbit around the Moon from 1966 to 1967. The orbiters obtained 1,950 wide-angle and high-resolution photographs of much of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lunar Prospector
- (from the article "KREEP") ...also include radioactive ones such as thorium, which spontaneously emits gamma rays, it is possible to map the distribution of KREEP by using gamma-ray spectrometry from spacecraft in lunar orbit. ...
- Lunar Society
- (from the article "Priestley, Joseph") ...progress required the development of a science-based commerce. This view was reinforced when he moved to become a preacher at the New Meeting House in Birmingham in 1780 and became ...
- lunar tidal rhythm
- (from the article "biological rhythm") ...a circadian (from Latin circa, "about"; di, "day"-i.e., "about a day"), solar day, diel, daily, diurnal, or nychthemeral rhythm. A lunar tidal rhythm-the regular ebb and flow of oceans and ...
- lunar tide
- (from the article "ocean") Considering the Earth-Moon system, at any time the tide-generating force is directed vertically upward at the two places on the Earth where the Moon is in the vertical (on the ...
- lunar year
- (from the article "year") ...the background of the stars. The anomalistic year (365 days 6 hours 13 minutes 53 seconds) is the time between two passages of the Earth through perihelion, the point in ...
- lunate fracture
- (from the article "chatter mark") ...the crescentic gouge, which is concave upstream and is made by the removal of a chip of rock; the crescentic fracture, which is concave downstream and also made by the ...
- Lunceford, Jimmie
- American big band leader whose rhythmically appealing, well-disciplined orchestra was one of the most influential of the swing era. [2 Related Articles]
- Lund
- city, Skane lan (county), southern Sweden, northeast of Malmo. It was founded about 990 and became the seat of a bishopric in 1060 and the seat of the archbishop of ...
- Lund's Bristol
- (from the article "Bristol ware") ...More sophisticated ornament, usually Neoclassic rather than Rococo, was reserved for commissioned work, which formed a large proportion of Bristol services. Soft-paste porcelain, usually known as Lund's Bristol, was made ...
- Lund, Benjamin
- (from the article "pottery") Another variation on the original soft-porcelain body was introduced at a factory in Bristol started by Benjamin Lund about 1748. Clay was mixed with a fusible rock called steatite (hydrous ...
- Lunda
- any of several Bantu-speaking peoples scattered over wide areas of the southeastern part of Congo (Kinshasa), eastern Angola, and northern and northwestern Zambia. The various regional groups-the Lunda of Musokantanda ... [6 Related Articles]
- Lunda empire
- historic Bantu-speaking African state founded in the 16th century in the region of the upper Kasai River (now in northeastern Angola and western Congo [Kinshasa]). Although the Lunda people had ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lundeberg, Christian
- industrialist and politician who presided over the 1905 Swedish government, which negotiated an end to the Swedish-Norwegian union.
- Lundenwic
- (from the article "London") ...settlement (at least 150 acres [60 hectares]) of craftsmen and traders just upstream of the depopulated Roman city and extending inland to what is now Trafalgar Square. The settlement was ...
- Lundgaard, Martin
- (from the article "Badminton") ...why he held the sport's top ranking by defeating Denmark's Peter Gade in a closely contested final. Denmark was more successful, however, in the men's doubles championship, with Jens Erikson ...
- Lundi River
- river in southeastern Zimbabwe rising at Gweru in the Highveld and flowing southeast to Hippo Valley at the confluence with the Shashe River in the Middleveld. It continues across the ...
- Lundkvist, Artur
- Swedish poet, novelist, and literary critic.
- Lundy
- small island in the Bristol Channel, 11 miles (18 km) off the north coast of the county of Devon, southwestern England. Mainly composed of granite, with high cliffs (notably Shutter ...
- Lundy's Lane, Battle of
- (July 25, 1814), engagement fought a mile west of Niagara Falls, ending a U.S. invasion of Canada during the War of 1812. After defeating the British in the Battle of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lundy, Benjamin
- American publisher and leading abolitionist in the 1820s and '30s.
- Lundy, John Silas
- (from the article "medicine, history of") ...of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and ether was the introduction of the general anesthetic cyclopropane by Ralph Waters of Madison, Wis., in 1933. Soon afterward, intravenous anesthesia was introduced; John Lundy ...
- lune
- (from the article "Quadrature of the Lune") Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 460 BC) demonstrated that the moon-shaped areas between circular arcs, known as lunes, could be expressed exactly as a rectilinear area, or quadrature. In the ...
- Lune, River
- river rising near Newbiggin, administrative county of Cumbria, historic county of Westmorland, England, and flowing 45 miles (72 km) westward and then southward to empty into the Irish Sea a ...
- Luneburg
- city, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. It lies on the Ilmenau River at the northeastern edge of the Luneburg Heath (Luneburger Heide), 30 miles (50 km) ...
- Luneburg Heath
- region, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany, between the Aller and Elbe rivers. Its main character is that of a broad saddleback running about 55 miles (90 ... [5 Related Articles]
- Lunen
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), northwestern Germany. It lies on the Lippe River and the Seiten Canal, just north of Dortmund. Founded 1336-40 and chartered in 1341 ...
- Lunenburg
- town, seat of Lunenburg county, southeastern Nova Scotia, Canada, on Lunenburg Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, 57 mi (92 km) west-southwest of Halifax. The town site was once ...
- lunette
- arching aperture in a wall or concave ceiling. It may be crescent-shaped or semicircular. The word is the French diminutive of lune, "moon." Lunettes may function as windows, they may ... [2 Related Articles]
- Luneville
- town, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle departement, Lorraine region, eastern France, situated at the confluence of the Vezouze and Meurthe rivers, east-southeast of Nancy. Incorporated in ...
- Luneville faience
- tin-glazed earthenware, faience fine, and a kind of unglazed faience fine produced from 1723 at Luneville, France. The first factory, established by Jacques Chambrette, became the Manufacture Royale du Roi ... [1 Related Articles]
- Luneville, Treaty of
- (from the article "Napoleon I") ...The Battle of Marengo in June gave the French command of the Po valley as far as the Adige, and in December another French army defeated the Austrians in Germany. ...
- lunfardo
- (from the article "Argentina") ...Numerous foreign languages and dialects can be heard, from Basque and Sicilian to Welsh and Gaelic. Toward the end of the 19th century, an underworld language called
- lung
- in air-breathing vertebrates, either of the two large organs of respiration located in the chest cavity and responsible for adding oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from the blood. In ... [35 Related Articles]
- lung
- (Chinese: "dragon"), in Chinese mythology, a type of majestic beast that dwells in rivers, lakes, and oceans and roams the skies. Originally a rain divinity, the Chinese dragon, unlike its ... [1 Related Articles]
- lung cancer
- disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid-19th century. In the early 20th century it was considered relatively ... [8 Related Articles]
- lung congestion
- distention of blood vessels in the lungs and filling of the alveoli with blood as a result of an infection, high blood pressure, or cardiac insufficiencies (i.e., inability of the ...
- lung disease
- (from the article "Health effects of primary smoke constituents") It is not surprising that smokers suffer from many respiratory diseases other than lung cancer. One such disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, which is one of the ...
- lung fluke
- (from the article "paragonimiasis") infection caused by Paragonimus westermani, or lung fluke, a parasitic worm some 8 to 12 mm (0.3 to 0.5 inch) long. It is common in Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, ...
- lung infarction
- death of one or more sections of lung tissue due to deprivation of an adequate blood supply. The section of dead tissue is called an infarct. The cessation or lessening ... [1 Related Articles]
- lung plague
- an acute bacterial disease producing pneumonia and inflammation of lung membranes in cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. It is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides. See also mycoplasma.
- lung transplant
- (from the article "transplant") Chronic fatal disease of the lung is common, but the progress of the disease is usually slow, and the patient may be ill for a long time. When the lung ...
- Lung Wang
- (from the article "lung") ...controls the waterways; and the Spiritual Dragon (Shen Lung), who controls the rain and winds. In popular belief, only the latter two were significant; they were transformed into the Dragon ...
- Lung-hu, Mount
- (from the article "Kiangsi") ...and throughout the era of the Mongol conquest, Kiangsi's cultural and political vigour declined. Such was the obscurantism of the government that it sanctioned a Taoist "papacy" at Mount Lung-hu, ...
- Lung-Yun
- (from the article "Yunnan") ...movement of Yuan Shih-k'ai, the president of the republic, who attempted to make himself emperor of China. Then, spanning the decades between World Wars I and II, the warlords T'ang ...
- lungfish
- any of six species (three species according to some authorities) of air-breathing fishes placed with a number of extinct forms in the subclass Dipnoi (order Dipnoi of some authorities). The ... [10 Related Articles]
- lungi
- (from the article "Bangladesh") The lungi (a length of cloth wrapped around the lower half of the body, comparable to the Malaysian sarong) with a short vest is the most common ...
- Lunglei
- town, south-central Mizoram state, northeastern India. One of the most populous towns in the Mizo Hills, it is located 131 miles (211 km) south of Aizawl, the state capital. Rice ... [1 Related Articles]
- lungless salamander
- any of more than 370 species of lungless amphibians dependent largely on cutaneous respiration (gas exchange through moistened skin). Plethodontidae is the largest group of salamanders, and its members occur ... [7 Related Articles]
- Lungmachi Formation
- (from the article "Silurian Period") ...fine sandstones constituting the Aberystwyth Grit Formation to a deepwater basinal setting in west-central Wales. Less commonly, Silurian shales passively accumulated in broad platform settings. The Longmaqi Formation of the ...
- Lungshan black pottery
- (from the article "Stone Age") Even less is known of southern China and southeastern Asia; the former seems to have been affected by the expansion of the makers of the Lungshan black pottery and perhaps ...
- Lungwebungu River
- largest headwater tributary of the Zambezi River, in southwest central Africa. It rises in the central plateau of Angola as the Lungue-Bungo River to flow east and southeast into Zambia. ... [1 Related Articles]
- lungworm
- any of the parasitic worms of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea (phylum Nematoda) that infest the lungs and air passages of mammals, including dolphins and whales. Examples include those of the genus ... [1 Related Articles]
- lungwort
- any plant of the genus Pulmonaria of the family Boraginaceae, especially P. officinalis, an herbaceous, hairy perennial plant, widespread in open woods and thickets of Europe. It is grown as ...
- Luni
- river in Rajasthan state, western India. Rising on the western slopes of the Aravalli Range near Ajmer town, where it is known as the Sagarmati, the river flows generally southwestward ... [3 Related Articles]
- lunisolar calendar
- (from the article "calendar") The lunisolar calendar, in which months are lunar but years are solar-that is, are brought into line with the course of the Sun-was used in the early civilizations of the ...
- Lunn, Sir Arnold
- British slalom skier and international authority on skiing who in 1922 introduced slalom gates (paired poles between which the skier must pass on his downward descent) and thereby created the ...
- Lunneborg, Clifford E.
- (from the article "intelligence, human") A number of cognitive theories of intelligence have been developed. Among them is that of the American psychologists Earl B. Hunt, Nancy Frost, and Clifford E. Lunneborg, who in 1973 ...
- Luns, Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert
- Dutch politician (b. Aug. 28, 1911, Rotterdam, Neth.-d. July 17, 2002, Brussels, Belg.), served for 19 years as foreign minister of The Netherlands before being appointed (1971) secretary-general of NATO, ...
- Lunsar
- town, west-central Sierra Leone, western Africa. A traditional trade centre of the Marampa-Masimera chiefdom for rice and palm oil and kernels, it developed after 1933 with the exploitation of iron ...
- Lunt and Fontanne
- American husband-and-wife acting team who performed together in more than two dozen theatrical productions, from Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1923) to The Visit (1958). Alfred Lunt (b. Aug. 19, ...
- Lunt, Alfred
- (from the article "Lunt and Fontanne") Lunt attended Carroll College (Waukesha, Wis.) and Harvard College but left school for an acting career, making his debut in a Boston repertory company in 1912 and thereafter taking several ...
- lunule
- (from the article "sand dollar") ...exhibits pentaradiate symmetry, with a pattern of five "petals" spreading out from the centre. Some species found stranded on the shores of North America have five or six slots, or ...
- Lunyu
- one of four texts of Confucianism that, when published together in 1190 by the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi, became the great Chinese classic known as Sishu ("Four Books"). Lunyu has ... [5 Related Articles]
- luo
- any of several sizes and styles of Chinese gong. The most common luo are characteristically round and convex in shape, with edges that are turned toward the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Luo
- people living among several Bantu-speaking peoples in the flat country near Lake Victoria in western Kenya and northern Tanzania. More than three million strong, the Luo constitute the third largest ... [5 Related Articles]
- Luo Guanzhong
- Chinese writer who traditionally has been credited as the author of the classic Chinese novels Sanguozhi yanyi (Three Kingdoms) and Shuihuzhuan (Water Margin, or All Men Are Brothers). [1 Related Articles]
- Luo language
- (from the article "Nilo-Saharan languages") ...Other modern Nilo-Saharan languages with more than a million speakers are the Saharan language Kanuri (mainly in Nigeria), Nile Nubian, and the Nilotic languages Dinka (The Sudan), Kalenjin (Kenya), Luo ...
- Luo River
- (from the article "Honan") ...miles, thence issuing onto the plain. It is remarkable that from T'ung-kuan to the sea, a distance of some 600 miles, the Huang Ho receives only two comparatively small tributaries: ...
- luogu
- Chinese percussion ensemble composed of a variety of instruments, including-in addition to an assortment of gongs and drums-cymbals, bells, and woodblocks. The luogu accompanies parades, folk dances, ...
- Luohe
- city, central Henan sheng (province), east-central China. It is situated on the Sha River, which flows southeastward to the Huai River, at the point where it is ...
- Luorawetlan languages
- family of languages including Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen, Aliutor, and Kerek, spoken in northeastern Siberia. The Luorawetlan language family is placed with the Yeniseian languages, Yukaghir, and Nivkh within the Paleo-Siberian ... [3 Related Articles]
- Luoyang
- city, northwestern Henan sheng (province), east-central China. It was important in history as the capital of nine ruling dynasties and as a Buddhist centre. The contemporary city ... [7 Related Articles]
- Lupaca
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") ...political and demographic nucleus to permit seasonal migrations. The outlier communities could be large or small and could be established on the dry Pacific shore or in wet Amazonic enclaves. ...
- Lupan, Andrei
- (from the article "Moldova") ...the new Soviet citizen were the dominant themes, and socialist goals prevailed over aesthetic considerations. Characteristic of these trends were the early prose and poetry of Emilian Bucov and Andrei ...
- Lupata Gorge
- (from the article "Zambezi River") ...Plateau to the coastal plain. At first the hilly country is replaced by flat areas at the head of the Tete Basin, and the river becomes more placid. About 40 ...
- Lupemban industry
- a sub-Saharan African stone tool industry dating from the late Pleistocene, beginning about 40,000 years ago. The Lupemban industry was derived from and replaced the Sangoan industry, which is found ...
- Lupercalia
- ancient Roman festival that was conducted annually on February 15 under the superintendence of a corporation of priests called Luperci. The origins of the festival are obscure, although the likely ... [4 Related Articles]
- Luperci
- (from the article "Lupercalia") ancient Roman festival that was conducted annually on February 15 under the superintendence of a corporation of priests called Luperci. The origins of the festival are obscure, although the likely ...
- Lupescu, Magda
- Romanian adventuress who, as mistress of King Carol II of Romania, exerted a wide-ranging influence on Romanian public affairs during the 1930s. [1 Related Articles]
- Lupin, Arsene
- (from the article "Leblanc, Maurice") French author and journalist, known as the creator of Arsene Lupin, French gentleman-thief turned detective, who is featured in more than 60 of Leblanc's crime novels and short stories.
- lupine
- any member of a genus (Lupinus) of herbaceous and partly woody plants in the pea family (Fabaceae). Lupines are widely distributed in the Mediterranean area but are especially numerous on ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lupino Family
- one of England's most celebrated theatrical families.
- Lupino, Ida
- U.S. film and television actress, director, and screenwriter (b. Feb. 4, 1918?, London, England--d. Aug. 3, 1995, Burbank, Calif.), first gained fame through her portrayals of strong, worldly-wise characters and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lupinus arcticus
- (from the article "seed and fruit") ...to be 1,400 (±400) years old, rapidly germinated (and subsequently produced flowering plants) when the seeds were filed to permit water entry. In 1967 seeds of the arctic tundra lupine ...
- Lupkow Pass
- (from the article "Carpathian Mountains") ...side turned eastward. The boundary between the Western and the Southeastern Carpathians occurs at the narrowest part of the mountain range, marked by the valley of the San River to ...
- Lupon Tagapamayapa
- (from the article "Philippines") In order to reduce the load of the lower courts, local committees of citizens called Pacification Committees (Lupon Tagapamayapa) have been organized to effect extrajudicial settlement of minor cases between ...
- Lupsuk Peak
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") ...by a long, winding chain of mountains-with some lofty peaks, such as Mounts Darkot (22,447 feet [6,842 metres]) and Buni Zom (21,499 feet [6,553 metres])-which strikes southward from the Lupsuk ...
- Lupton, Thomas Goff
- English mezzotint engraver and miniatures painter who was the first artist to use soft steel plates in the art of engraving. This development permitted a printing of up to 1,500 ...
- Lupu, Marian
- (from the article "Moldova") In July Chairman of Parliament Marian Lupu spoke out in favour of the continuation of transparty cooperation behind "unchanged common goals" of further integration with Europe, a Transdniestrian resolution, and ...
- lupus erythematosus
- an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation in various parts of the body. Three main types of lupus are recognized-discoid, drug-induced, and systemic. [1 Related Articles]
- Lupus I
- (from the article "France") ...mouth of the Schelde River and controlled the towns of Utrecht and Dorestat; the attempted conversion of Frisia by Wilfrid of Northumbria had to be abandoned (c. 680). In southern ...
- Lupus of Ferrieres
- (from the article "textual criticism") ...on comparison with other copies, not on the unaided conjectural sagacity of the scribe. Such was the practice of the best monastic scriptoria such as that of Tours, or of ...
- Lupus, Servatus
- (from the article "classical scholarship") ...Diaconus) abridged the abridgement of the lexicon of Verrius Flaccus that had been made by Festus during the 2nd century AD. The nearest approach in the Middle Ages to a ...
- Luque
- city, southern Paraguay. Founded in 1635, Luque rose to prominence as the temporary national capital during the bloody Paraguayan War (1864-70) with Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Oranges, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, ...
- Luque, Dolf
- Cuban professional baseball player and manager who was the first player from Latin America to become a star in the U.S. major leagues. [1 Related Articles]
- Luque, Hernando de
- (from the article "Pizarro, Francisco") It was not until 1523, when he was some 48 years old, that Pizarro embarked upon the adventure that was to lead to his lasting fame. In partnership with a ...
- Luquillo, Sierra de
- (from the article "Central, Cordillera") ...Central and the Sierra de Cayey, notably the Arecibo, La Plata, and Loiza, are used extensively for hydroelectric power and water supply. The third section, another subsidiary branch, is the ...
- Lur
- member of a mountain Muslim people of western Iran, speaking a distinct language closely related to Persian. The Lurs are thought to be of aboriginal stock, with strong Iranian, Arabic, ... [3 Related Articles]
- lur
- bronze horn, or trumpet, found in prehistoric Scandinavian excavations. It has a conical bore that extends in length from roughly 5 to 8 feet (1.5 to 2.5 metres) in a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Luray Caverns
- series of limestone caves in Page county, northwestern Virginia, U.S., near the town of Luray (headquarters of Shenandoah National Park). Covering 64 acres (26 hectares), the caverns, discovered in 1878, ...
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