son of Louis XIV and Marie-Therese of Austria; his death preceded his father's (1715), and the French crown went to his own grandson, Louis XV. In 1688 he received nominal ...
Carolingian ruler of the Franks who succeeded his father, Charlemagne, as emperor in 814 and whose 26-year reign (the longest of any medieval emperor until Henry IV [1056-1106]) was a ...
duke of Anjou, count of Maine, count of Provence, and claimant to the crown of Sicily and Jerusalem, who augmented his own and France's power by attempting to establish a ...
king of Bavaria from 1825 to 1848, a liberal and a German nationalist who rapidly turned conservative after his accession, best known as an outstanding patron of the arts who ...
count of Flanders and of Nevers (from 1322) and of Rethel (from 1325), who sided with the French against the English in the opening years of the Hundred Years' War.
eccentric king of Bavaria from 1864 to 1886 and an admirer and patron of the composer Richard Wagner. He brought his territories into the newly founded German Empire (1871) but ...
count of Flanders, Nevers, and Rethel (1346-84), who, by marrying his daughter Margaret to the Burgundian duke Philip the Bold (1369), prepared the way for the subsequent union of Flanders ...
duke of Anjou, count of Maine and Provence (1384-1417), king of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem, who attempted, with only temporary success, to enforce the Angevin claims to the Neapolitan throne ...
king of Hungary and of Bohemia from 1516, who was the last of the Jagiello line to rule those countries and the last king to rule all of Hungary before ...
king of France (i.e., Francia Occidentalis, the West Frankish kingdom) from 879 to 882, whose decisive victory over the Northmen in August 881, at Saucourt, Ponthieu, briefly stemmed the incursions ...
duke of Anjou and Touraine, count of Maine and Provence, and titular king of Naples and Sicily (1417-34). Advancing Angevin claims to the throne of Naples, Louis struggled with the ...
king of Provence and, from 901 to 905, Frankish emperor whose short-lived tenure marked the failure to restore the Carolingian dynasty to power in Italy.
king of part of the East Frankish realm who, by acquiring western Lotharingia (Lorraine) from the West Franks, helped to establish German influence in that area.
East Frankish king, the last of the East Frankish Carolingians. During his reign the country was ravaged by frequent Magyar raids, and local magnates (the ancestors of the later ducal ...
duke of upper Bavaria (from 1294) and of united Bavaria (1340-47), German king (from 1314), and Holy Roman emperor (1328-47), first of the Wittelsbach line of German emperors. His reign ...
king of France from 1226 to 1270, the most popular of the Capetian monarchs. He led the Seventh Crusade to the Holy Land in 1248-50 and died on another crusade ...
nobleman who provided key military and political leadership in the early phases (1566-74) of the Netherlands' revolt against Spanish rule and who served as a valued ally of his older ...
king of France from 1108 to 1137; he brought power and dignity to the French crown by his recovery of royal authority over the feudal nobles in his domains of ...
Capetian king of France from 1314 and king of Navarre from 1305 to 1314, who endured baronial unrest that was already serious in the time of his father, Philip IV ...
king of France (1461-83) of the House of Valois who continued the work of his father, Charles VII, in strengthening and unifying France after the Hundred Years' War. He reimposed ...
visual arts produced in France during the reign of Louis XIII (1601-43). Louis was but a child when he ascended the throne in 1610, and his mother, Marie de Medicis, ...
king of France (1643-1715) who ruled his country, principally from his great palace at Versailles, during one of its most brilliant periods and who remains the symbol of absolute monarchy ...
visual arts produced in France during the reign of Louis XIV (1638-1715). The man most influential in French painting of the period was Nicolas Poussin. Although Poussin himself lived in ...
king of France from 1715 to 1774, whose ineffectual rule contributed to the decline of royal authority that led to the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789.
in the decorative arts, the Rococo style that is characterized by the superior craftsmanship of 18th-century cabinetmaking in France. The artists of this style produced exquisite Rococo decor for the ...
the last king of France (1774-92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the Revolution of 1789. The monarchy was abolished on September 21, 1792; later he and his queen ...
visual arts produced in France during the reign (1774-93) of Louis XVI, which was actually both a last phase of Rococo and a first phase of Neoclassicism. The predominant style ...
king of France by title from 1795 and in fact from 1814 to 1824, except for the interruption of the Hundred Days, during which Napoleon attempted to recapture his empire.
American boxer who was world heavyweight champion from June 22, 1937, when he knocked out James J. Braddock in eight rounds in Chicago, until March 1, 1949, when he briefly ...
American painter associated with the New York school of Abstract Expressionism who is notable for his distinctly personal use of colour, often in brilliant bands or stripes.
king of the French from 1830 to 1848; basing his rule on the support of the upper bourgeoisie, he ultimately fell from power because he could not win the allegiance ...
former town, Cape Breton county, northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada, on the east side of Cape Breton Island, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Sydney. Since 1995 ...
island group of Papua New Guinea, 125 miles (200 km) southeast of the island of New Guinea. Stretching for more than 100 miles (160 km), it occupies 10,000 square miles ...
constituent state of the United States of America. The state is delineated from its neighbours-Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and Texas to the west-by both natural and ...
public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Monroe, Louisiana, U.S. It comprises a graduate school and colleges of business administration, education, liberal arts, pharmacy and health sciences, and pure and ...
language spoken in Louisiana by persons of mixed French, African, and Indian descent. Louisiana Creole, which is closely related to Haitian Creole, should not be confused with either Louisiana provincial ...
western half of the Mississippi River basin purchased in 1803 from France by the United States; at less than three cents per acre for 828,000 square miles (2,144,520 square km), ...
state system of higher education in Louisiana, U.S. It consists of nine facilities-seven coeducational institutions and two research centres-in five cities.
public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Ruston, Louisiana, U.S. It offers a broad range of undergraduate and graduate degree programs, emphasizing engineering, science, technology, and business and awarding doctorates ...
largest city in Kentucky, U.S., and the seat of Jefferson county, opposite the Falls of the Ohio River. Louisville is the centre of a metropolitan area including Jefferson county in ...
public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. It offers a wide range of bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degree programs. In addition to the main campus, called ...
river, rising in three branches (North Loup, Middle Loup, and South Loup rivers) in east-central Nebraska, U.S., and flowing east past Fullerton and Genoa to join the Platte River in ...
viral disease mainly of sheep, causing inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. It is transmitted by bites of the castor-bean tick, species Ixodes ricinus. The disease is most common ...
pilgrimage town, southwestern France, Hautes-Pyrenees departement, Midi-Pyrenees region, southwest of Toulouse. Situated at the foot of the Pyrenees and now on both banks of a torrent, the Gave de Pau, ...
any member of the order Phthiraptera, small, wingless, parasitic insects divisible into two main groups: the Mallophaga, or chewing or biting lice, which are parasites of birds and mammals, and ...
any insect of the parasitic family Hippoboscidae (order Diptera) characterized by piercing mouthparts used to suck blood from warm-blooded animals. Genera occur in both winged and wingless forms. The winged ...
herbaceous plant of the genus Pedicularis (family Scrophulariaceae; see Scrophulariales), which contains about 500 species found throughout the Northern Hemisphere but especially on the mountains of Central and eastern Asia. ...
county, in the province of Leinster, northeastern Ireland. The smallest county in area in Ireland, it is bounded by Northern Ireland (north), the Irish Sea (east), County Meath (south and ...
early Romantic painter, illustrator, printmaker, and scenographer, especially known for his paintings of landscapes and battles and for his innovative scenery designs and special effects for the theatre.
municipality and capital of Flemish Brabant province, Flemish Region, central Belgium. It lies along the Dyle (Dijle) River and is connected by canal with the Scheldt (Schelde). The city is ...
either of two Belgian universities established in 1970 but both descended from a renowned institution of higher learning founded in 1425 in Louvain. In the one university (Katholieke Universiteit te ...
arrangement of parallel, horizontal blades, slats, laths, slips of glass, wood, or other material designed to regulate airflow or light penetration. Louvers are often used in windows or doors in ...
American country music vocal duo of the 1940s, '50s, and '60s, remembered for their simple but pure gospel-tinged style and distinctive harmonies. The members were Ira Louvin (original name Ira ...
secretary of state for war under Louis XIV of France and his most influential minister in the period 1677-91. He contributed to the reorganization of the French army.
national museum and art gallery of France, housed in part of a large palace in Paris that was built on the right-bank site of the 12th-century fortress of Philip Augustus. ...
(Levisticum officinale), herb of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) native to southern Europe. It is cultivated for its stalks and foliage, which are used for tea, as a vegetable, and to ...
