| | - Lever House
- (from the article "Bunshaft, Gordon") American architect and corecipient (with Oscar Niemeyer) of the prestigious Pritzker Prize in 1988. His design of the Lever House skyscraper in New York City (1952) exerted a strong influence ...
- Lever of Manchester, Harold Lever
- BARON, British millionaire, Labour Party politician, and economic adviser to Labour Prime Ministers Harold Wilson and James Callaghan (b. Jan. 15, 1914--d. Aug. 6, 1995).
- Lever, Charles James
- Irish editor and writer whose novels, set in post-Napoleonic Ireland and Europe, featured lively, picaresque heroes.
- leverage ratio
- (from the article "business finance") The larger the proportion of debt in the capital structure (leverage), the higher will be the returns to equity. This is because bondholders do not share in the profits. The ...
- leveraged buyout
- (from the article "Business Overview") ...that included Texas Pacific Group and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. The private equity firms paid $32 billion for TXU and took on more than $12 billion in TXU debt, ...
- Leverhulme, William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount, Baron Leverhulme of Bolton-le-moors
- British soap and detergent entrepreneur who built the international firm of Lever Brothers.
- Leverkusen
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany. It lies on the Rhine River at the mouth of the Wupper River, in the Dhunn valley, just north of ...
- Levert, Gerald
- American singer (b. July 13, 1966, Philadelphia, Pa.-d. Nov. 10, 2006, Cleveland, Ohio), was a powerful and soulful vocalist whose string of R&B hits included "I Swear," "I'd Give Anything," ...
- Levertin, Oscar Ivar
- Swedish poet and scholar, a leader of the Swedish Romantic movement of the 1890s.
- Levertov, Denise
- English-born American poet, essayist, and political activist who wrote deceptively matter-of-fact verse on both personal and political themes. [1 Related Articles]
- Levesque, Georges-Henri
- Canadian cleric and educator (b. Feb. 16, 1903, Roberval, Que.-d. Jan. 15, 2000, Quebec, Que.), was instrumental in bringing about Quebec's "Quiet Revolution," the period of social change and modernization ...
- Levesque, Rene
- premier of the French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec (1976-85) and a leading advocate of sovereignty for that province. [4 Related Articles]
- Levesque, Robert
- (from the article "Literature") ...cartoonist Serge Chapleau put out L'Annee Chapleau 2006, the latest offering in his annual album of sharp-edged satires skewering the high and mighty. Meanwhile, veteran commentator Robert Levesque, French Quebec's ...
- Levet, Pierre
- (from the article "Villon, Francois") ...trace of him vanishes. Still, it is a wonder that any of his poetry should have survived, and there exist about 3,000 lines, the greater part published as early as ...
- Levi
- (from the article "Dinah") ...a Canaanitish people). Because Shechem then wished to marry Dinah, Hamor suggested to Jacob that their two peoples initiate a policy of commercial and social intercourse. Dinah's brothers Simeon and ...
- Levi ben Gershom
- French Jewish mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, and Talmudic scholar. [3 Related Articles]
- Levi Strauss & Co.
- world's largest maker of pants, noted especially for its blue denim jeans called Levi's (registered trademark). It also manufactures tailored slacks, jackets, hats, shirts, skirts, and belts and licenses the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Levi, Carlo
- Italian writer, painter, and political journalist whose first documentary novel became an international literary sensation and enhanced the trend toward social realism in postwar Italian literature. [2 Related Articles]
- Levi, Edward Hirsch
- American lawyer and educator (b. June 16, 1911, Chicago, Ill.-d. March 7, 2000, Chicago), as U.S. attorney general under Pres. Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, he helped restore public ...
- Levi, Primo
- Italian-Jewish writer and chemist, noted for his restrained and moving autobiographical account of and reflections on survival in the Nazi concentration camps.
- Levi, Sylvain
- French Orientalist who wrote on Eastern religion, literature, and history and is particularly noted for his dictionary of Buddhism.
- Levi, Testament of
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...form, containing Christian passages, the book was written in Greek. Fragments of two original Semitic sources of the book were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls: the Aramaic "Testament of ...
- Levi-Civita, Tullio
- Italian mathematician known for his work in differential calculus and relativity theory. At the University of Padua (1891-95), he studied under Gregorio Ricci Curbastro, with whom he later collaborated in ...
- Levi-Montalcini, Rita
- neurologist who, with biochemist Stanley Cohen, shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her discovery of a bodily substance that stimulates and influences the growth of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Levi-Strauss, Claude
- French social anthropologist and leading exponent of structuralism, a name applied to the analysis of cultural systems (e.g., kinship and mythical systems) in terms of the structural relations among their ... [14 Related Articles]
- Leviathan
- in Jewish mythology, a primordial sea serpent. Its source is in prebiblical Mesopotamian myth, especially that of the sea monster in the Ugaritic myth of Baal (see Yamm). In the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Levien, Sonya
- (from the article "1955: Other Winners") Motion Picture Story: Daniel Fuchs for Love Me or Leave MeStory and Screenplay: William Ludwig and Sonya Levien for Interrupted MelodyAdapted Screenplay: Paddy Chayefsky for MartyCinematography, Black-and-White: James Wong Howe ...
- Levin, Bernard
- British journalist (b. Aug. 19, 1928, London, Eng.-d. Aug. 7, 2004, London), applied his acerbic wit for almost 40 years as a political columnist and entertainment critic for such newspapers ...
- Levin, Gerald
- (from the article "Time Warner Inc.") ...official investigations into the financial scandals of both WCI and Ross were cleared up. Ross shared CEO duties until early 1991 when Nicholas left the company. Ross died in December ...
- Levin, Ira Marvin
- American author thrilled readers with his best-selling Gothic and suspense novels, most famously A Kiss Before Dying (1953 ) Rosemary's Baby (1967), and The Stepford Wives (1972). Though his works ...
- Levin, Meyer
- American author of novels and nonfiction about the Jewish people and Israel.
- Levin, Vladimir
- (from the article "cybercrime") The international nature of cybercrime is particularly evident with wire fraud. One of the largest, and best-organized, wire fraud schemes was orchestrated by Vladimir Levin, a Russian programmer with a ...
- Levinas, Emmanuel
- French philosopher renowned for his powerful critique of the preeminence of ontology (the philosophical study of being) in the history of Western philosophy, particularly in the work of the German ... [5 Related Articles]
- Levine, Beth
- (from the article "Fashions") ...year of French-born American designer Oleg Cassini (see Obituaries), American model Dorothea Towles Church (see Obituaries), and American shoe designer Beth Levine, who, as ...
- Levine, Dov
- (from the article "quasicrystal") Dov Levine and Paul Steinhardt, physicists at the University of Pennsylvania, proposed a resolution of this apparent conflict. They suggested that the translational order of atoms in quasicrystalline alloys might ...
- Levine, Jack
- painter who was prominent in the American Social Realist school of the 1930s. [1 Related Articles]
- Levine, James
- American conductor and pianist, especially noted for his work with the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. He is considered the preeminent American conductor of his generation. [1 Related Articles]
- Levine, Lawrence William
- American historian (b. Feb. 27, 1933, New York, N.Y.-d. Oct. 23, 2006, Berkeley, Calif.), spent more than 30 years (1962-94) as a professor of history at the University of California, ...
- Levine, Philip
- American poet of urban working-class life.
- LeVine, Robert
- (from the article "personality") ...adjectival words that describe traits, and the fact that these studies have been carried out principally in the United States and western Europe has led some anthropologists, such as the ...
- Levine, Sherrie
- American conceptual artist known for remaking famous 20th-century works of art either through photographic reproductions (termed re-photography), drawing, watercolour, or sculpture. Her appropriations are conceptual gestures that question the Modernist ...
- Levingston, Roberto Marcelo
- (from the article "Argentina") ...captured and killed former president Aramburu, who had been organizing a movement for a return to constitutional rule. The armed forces overthrew the Ongania government in June 1970. General Roberto ...
- Levinsohn, Isaac Baer
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") ...writer, became prominent by his philosophy of Judaism, while a poet, Rachel Morpurgo, struck some remarkably modern chords. For the Jews of the Russian Empire, the Enlightenment proper began with ...
- Levinson, Barry
- (from the article "1988: Best Director") Other NomineesOscar to "Rain Man" for best picture, 19881988: Best PictureRain Man, directed by Barry Levinson (AA), screenplay (AA) ...
- Levinson, Daniel J.
- (from the article "human behaviour") The American psychologist Daniel J. Levinson also divides adult life into qualitatively distinct periods. Confining his study to men, Levinson identified five eras within their lives that are not stages ...
- Levinson, Salmon Oliver
- lawyer who originated and publicized the "outlawry of war" movement in the United States.
- levirate
- custom or law decreeing that a widow should, or in rare cases must, marry her dead husband's brother. The term comes from the Latin levir, meaning "husband's ... [7 Related Articles]
- Levis
- city, Chaudiere-Appalaches region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It is located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite the city of Quebec, with which it is linked by ...
- Levita, Elijah Bokher
- German-born Jewish grammarian whose writings and teaching furthered the study of Hebrew in European Christendom at a time of widespread hostility toward the Jews. [1 Related Articles]
- Levitan, Isaac
- (from the article "Russia") ...tradition of painting did not begin, however, until the 1870s with the appearance of the "Itinerants." Although their work is not well known outside Russia, the serene landscapes of Isaac ...
- levitation
- rising of a human body off the ground, in apparent defiance of the law of gravity. The term designates such alleged occurrences in the lives of saints and of spiritualist ... [1 Related Articles]
- Levite
- member of a group of clans of religious functionaries in ancient Israel who apparently were given a special religious status, conjecturally for slaughtering idolaters of the golden calf during the ... [6 Related Articles]
- Leviticus
- third book of the Latin Vulgate Bible, the name of which designates its contents as a book (or manual) primarily concerned with the priests and their duties. Although Leviticus is ... [8 Related Articles]
- Levitra
- (from the article "PDE-5 inhibitor") category of drugs that relieve erectile dysfunction (impotence) in men. Two common commercially produced PDE-5 inhibitors are sildenafil (sold as Viagra) and vardenafil (Levitra). PDE-5 inhibitors work by blocking, or ...
- Levitsky, Dmitry
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...iconography did the old style persist for some time. Early in the 18th century, religious painting began to give way to secular painting, and the church prohibition of sculpture became ...
- Levitsky, Ivan
- Ukrainian Realist novelist of the postserfdom reform period. He drew upon his background as a seminary student and, later, a provincial teacher, to depict the educated and lower classes in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Levitt and Sons, Inc.
- (from the article "United States") ...rapidly tooled up and began producing consumer goods in volume. The housing industry grew too, despite shortages of every kind, thanks to mass construction techniques pioneered by the firm of ...
- Levitt, Helen
- American photographer whose work captures the bustle, squalor, and beauty of everyday life in New York City.
- Levitt, Theodore
- German-born American economist (b. March 1, 1925, Vollmerz, Ger.-d. June 28, 2006, Belmont, Mass.), popularized the term globalization with the widely read article "The Globalization of Markets," which appeared in ...
- Levitt, William Jaird
- U.S. builder and developer (b. Feb. 11, 1907, New York, N.Y.--d. Jan. 28, 1994, Manhasset, N.Y.), as the pioneering president of Levitt & Sons, Inc., dramatically altered the U.S. residential ...
- Levittown
- unincorporated residential community in Hempstead town (township), Nassau county, western Long Island, New York, U.S. Developed between 1946 and 1951 by the firm of Levitt and Sons, Inc., Levittown was ...
- Levittown
- extensive, unincorporated suburban housing development in Bucks county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S., near the big bend of the Delaware River, approximately midway between Philadelphia and Trenton, New Jersey. It was built ...
- Levka Mountains
- highest and most precipitous massif in western Crete, located a few miles south of the Cretan capital, Khania (Canea), in the nomos (department) of Khania, Greece. The limestone peaks have ... [1 Related Articles]
- Levni, Abdulcelil
- the most accomplished and famous Ottoman painter of the early 18th-century "Tulip Period." [2 Related Articles]
- Levon I
- king of Armenia (reigned 1199-1219), who rallied the Armenians after their dispersion by the Seljuq Turks and consolidated the kingdom in Cilicia, southeastern Asia Minor. Through his friendly relations with ... [1 Related Articles]
- levonorgestrel
- (from the article "therapeutics") ...than the age of 35 years who smoke cigarettes. Their risk of stroke, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular problems is greatly increased, and the use of oral contraceptives is contraindicated. ...
- levorotatory
- (from the article "optical activity") ...source, negative if counterclockwise. A substance with a positive specific rotation is described as dextrorotatory and denoted by the prefix d or (+); one with a negative specific rotation is ...
- levorphanol
- (from the article "drug use") ...as potent as morphine; alphaprodine (Nisentil) is one-fifth as potent as morphine but is rapid-acting; methadone, synthesized in Germany during World War II, is comparable to morphine in potency; levorphanol ...
- Levrero, Mario
- (from the article "Literature") ...children disappeared during those years, and the book, subtitled Los ultimos argentinos del siglo XX, was dedicated to them. The end of 2005 saw the publication of Uruguayan writer Mario ...
- Levski, Vasil
- Bulgarian revolutionary leader in the struggle for liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. [1 Related Articles]
- Levuka
- town on the east coast of Ovalau island, central Fiji, South Pacific, and capital of Lomaiviti province. Settled by a U.S. adventurer in 1822, the area was the centre of ...
- Levy, Andrea
- (from the article "Literature") A sure sign of the award's efficacy was the fate of the 2004 winner, Andrea Levy's Small Island (2004), which-besides being voted Best of the Best, the overall winner from ...
- Levy, David
- Israeli politician, who was a leader of Israel's Sephardic Jews and who held numerous government offices.
- Levy, Jerre
- (from the article "intelligence, human") ...centred upon types of intellectual performance as they relate to the regions of the brain from which they originate. In her research on the functions of the brain's two hemispheres, ...
- Levy, Joseph Moses
- English newspaperman, founder of the London newspaper Daily Telegraph.
- Levy, Louis
- (from the article "photoengraving") ...a crossline halftone was produced using a single-direction screen, by making half the exposure with the screen in one position and half with the screen rotated a quarter turn. Two ...
- Levy, Marion
- (from the article "sociology") ...were consistently associated with particular systems of stratification. This theory was enthusiastically accepted, but only by a minority of sociologists. Addressing the contemporary world, Marion Levy theorized in
- Levy, Max
- (from the article "photoengraving") ...in 1882, a crossline halftone was produced using a single-direction screen, by making half the exposure with the screen in one position and half with the screen rotated a quarter ...
- Levy, Paul
- French mining engineer and mathematician noted for his work in the theory of probability.
- Levy-Bruhl, Lucien
- French philosopher whose study of the psychology of primitive peoples gave anthropology a new approach to understanding irrational factors in social thought and primitive religion and mythology. [2 Related Articles]
- levyne
- (from the article "levyne") mineral in the zeolite family, similar in composition and structure to chabazite (q.v.).levyneLevyne.Dave Dyet
- Lew and Leslie Grade Ltd.
- (from the article "Grade, Lew, Baron Grade of Elstree") ...changed his name to Grade and went into vaudeville as a Charleston dancer. Soon he began representing other theatrical performers as a talent agent, and with his brother Leslie he ...
- Lewald, August
- (from the article "Lewald, Fanny") She first began writing at the age of 30 with the encouragement of her cousin August Lewald, a journalist and editor. The novels Clementine (1842) and Jenny (1843) describe circumscribed ...
- Lewald, Fanny
- popular German novelist and feminist who wrote mainly on family, marriage, and social problems. [1 Related Articles]
- Lewan
- (from the article "India") ...to the larger stones employed as rubbers or grinders, but in the absence of detailed research, no firm conclusions are possible. Related evidence does indicate that some contemporary sites, such ...
- Lewandowski, Louis
- Jewish cantor, chorus conductor, and composer of synagogue music.
- Lewanika
- southern African king who was one of a restored line of Lozi kings that recovered control of Barotseland following the death of the Kololo conqueror, Sebetwane. Fearful of attack from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lewenstein, Oscar
- British theatre impresario and film producer who was a central figure in London's Royal Court Theatre for over 20 years, formed the English Stage Company, and helped produce such notable ...
- Lewes
- district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. The mainly rural district occupies a large part of east central Sussex to the east and north of Brighton ...
- Lewes
- town (parish), Lewes district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. Lewes lies at a gap in the South Downs and along the River Ouse where it ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lewes
- city, Sussex county, southeastern Delaware, U.S. It lies at the mouth of Delaware Bay just west of Cape Henlopen (state park), where it is protected by Delaware Breakwater (built 1828-35). ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lewes, Battle of
- (from the article "Balliol, John de") ...the Barons' War (1264-67, against rebellious nobles led by Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester) cost him the temporary loss of his lands and a period of imprisonment after his ...
- Lewes, George Henry
- English biographer, literary critic, dramatist, novelist, philosopher, actor, scientist, and editor, remembered chiefly for his decades-long liaison with the novelist Mary Ann Evans (better known by her pseudonym, George Eliot). [3 Related Articles]
- Lewin of Greenwich in Greater London, Terence Thornton Lewin, Baron
- British admiral of the fleet who was the leader of Great Britain's successful campaign to regain control of the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas when Argentina invaded in 1982 (b. Nov. 19, ...
- Lewin, Albert
- (from the article "1935: Best Picture") Other Nominees
- Lewin, Kurt
- German-born American social psychologist known for his field theory of behaviour, which holds that human behaviour is a function of an individual's psychological environment. [2 Related Articles]
- Lewinsky, Monica
- (from the article "Clinton, Bill") In 1998 Starr was granted permission to expand the scope of his investigation to determine whether Clinton had encouraged a 24-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky, to state falsely under ...
- Lewis
- county, north-central New York state, U.S. It largely consists of a plateau region bisected roughly north-south by the Black River, with the Adirondack Mountains rising to the east. The hardwood ...
- Lewis acid
- (from the article "boron") Boron reacts with all halogen elements to give monomeric, highly reactive trihalides (BX3, where X is a halogen atom-F, Cl, Br, or I). These so-called Lewis acids readily form complexes ...
- Lewis and Clark Caverns
- limestone cave in Jefferson county, southwestern Montana, U.S. It lies 47 miles (76 km) east of Butte, near the confluence of the Madison and Missouri rivers, and is the focus ...
- Lewis and Clark Expedition
- (1804-06), U.S. military expedition, led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark, to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest. The expedition was a major chapter in the ... [13 Related Articles]
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