(from the article "fuero") The oldest in the west is the Fuero de Leon (c. 1020), which contains laws applicable to the kingdom in general and to the city of Leon in particular. The ...
(from the article "South Africa") ...14, 2004, which led to the inauguration of Pres. Thabo Mbeki for a second term. The ANC received 69.8% of the vote, compared with 66.35% in 1999. The Democratic Alliance ...
American world lightweight (135-lb [61.2-kg]) boxing champion from May 28, 1917, when he knocked out Freddy Welsh in nine rounds in New York City, until Jan. 15, 1925, when he ...
American baseball player who was considered one of the best first basemen in the Negro leagues. He was among the first Negro leaguers to receive election into the Baseball Hall ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Meteoritical Society") Established in 1933 as the Society for Research on Meteorites, the organization elected its founder, the astronomer Frederick C. Leonard of the University of California at Los Angeles, as its ...
(from the article "logic, history of") ...as well as the work of the German philosopher Edmund Husserl and his followers on conceptualization in everyday thought ("Phenomenology") of collections. This work was developed by Henry Leonard and ...
American literary critic with his stylistically ornate and humorous prose, was regarded as one of the preeminent cultural critics of his time. Though he was a lifelong leftist, Leonard began ...
American zoologist conducted pioneering hormone research in animals. In the late 1920s he discovered that the female sex hormone estrogen could prevent ovulation in rats, a result that helped lead ...
, American performer, producer, and director whose career ranged from playing roles as rogues on Jack Benny's radio show and in such films as Guys and Dolls and It's a ...
American boxer, known for his agility and finesse, who won 36 of 40 professional matches and several national titles. As an amateur, he took an Olympic gold medal in the ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "Permian Period") ...organized by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in 1939 established North American standard reference sections for the Permian consisting of four series-namely, the Wolfcampian, Leonardian, Guadalupian, and Ochoan-on the ...
Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His Last Supper (1495-98) and ... [55 Related Articles]
in Milan, museum devoted to the evolution of science since the 15th century, including transport, metallurgy, physics, and navigation. It is housed in the old Olivetan convent of San Vittore, ...
medieval Italian mathematician who wrote Liber abaci (1202; "Book of the Abacus"), the first European work on Indian and Arabian mathematics. [3 Related Articles]
Neapolitan opera composer whose fame rests on the opera Pagliacci, which, with Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana (1890), represented a reaction against Richard Wagner and against Romantic Italian opera; both works ... [1 Related Articles]
Italian politician (b. Nov. 3, 1908, Pomigliano d'Arco, Italy-d. Nov. 9, 2001, Rome, Italy), was a respected member of the Christian Democratic Party, a practicing attorney and professor of criminal ...
(from the article "Alberti, Leon Battista") At the Este court in Ferrara, where Alberti was first made a welcome guest in 1438, the Marchese Leonello encouraged (and commissioned) him to direct his talents toward another field ...
(from the article "bridge") ...of 294 metres (981 feet) from two double concrete towers, the cables fanning down to the concrete deck on either side of the roadway. Designed by Arvid Grant in collaboration ...
(from the article "Venezuela") The 1963 presidential elections, held in an atmosphere of great political tension, were narrowly won by the Democratic Action candidate Raul Leoni. The Christian Democrats thereupon withdrew from the governing ...
(from the article "Principal nighttime meteor showers") The Leonid meteor shower represents a recently formed meteor stream. This shower, though it occurs every year, tends to increase greatly in visual strength every 33 or 34 years, which ...
(from the article "Olympia") Southwest of the Altis stood the Leonidaeum, a large hostel for the reception of distinguished visitors, which was built in the 4th century BC and remodeled in Roman times. To ...
Brazilian association football (soccer) player (b. Sept. 6, 1913, Rio de Janeiro, Braz.-d. Jan. 24, 2004, Sao Paulo, Braz.), was Brazil's first football hero and the high scorer at the ...
Spartan king whose stand against the invading Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece is one of the enduring tales of Greek heroism, invoked throughout Western history ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Agis IV") ...who surrendered their property; by his uncle Agesilaus; and by Lysander, who was an ephor (magistrate with the duty of limiting the power of the king) in 243. When the ...
Greek poet more important for his influence on the later Greek epigram than for his own poems. About 100 epigrams attributed to him survive, all but two collected in the ...
(from the article "Eveleth") ...and 1910, with Scandinavian settlers arriving in large numbers. Higher-grade hematite ore reserves were eventually exhausted, and lower-grade taconite mining is now Eveleth's chief industry. The Leonidas Overlook offers a ...
(from the article "Rome") ...After the Muslims plundered St. Peter's and the outlying areas of Rome in 846, Pope Leo IV built a wall around the area of the Vatican, thus enclosing the suburb ...
Latin or French verse in which the last word in the line rhymes with the word just before the caesura (as in "gloria factorum temere conceditus horum"). Such rhymes were ...
(from the article "Boboli Gardens") ...Designed in a carefully structured and geometric Italian Renaissance style, the gardens were begun in 1550 by Niccolo di Raffaello de' Pericoli detto Tribolo, who had been commissioned by Eleonora ...
(from the article "John I") When Ferdinand died, in 1383, his widow, Queen Leonor, submitted to the demand of her Castilian son-in-law, John I, that he be recognized as king of Portugal. John of Aviz, ...
(from the article "Lamiaceae") One of the 40 species of the African genus Leonotis, L. nepetaefolia, is naturalized throughout the tropics; it has red-orange globe clusters of profuse flowers at the top of the ...
(from the article "Lamiaceae") One of the 40 species of the African genus Leonotis, L. nepetaefolia, is naturalized throughout the tropics; it has red-orange globe clusters of profuse flowers at the top of the ...
Russian novelist and playwright who was admired for the intricate structure of his best narratives and for his ability to convey the complex moral and spiritual dilemmas faced by his ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Mussorgsky, Modest") ...marriage. Nonetheless, the composer began his opera Sorochinskaya yarmarka (unfinished; Sorochintsy Fair), inspired by Gogol's tale. As the accompanist of an aging singer, Darya Leonova, Mussorgsky departed on a lengthy ...
British writer and governess employed by King Mongkut (Rama IV) of Siam for the instruction of his children, including his son and successor, Prince Chulalongkorn. [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Winter's Tale, The") The plot was based on a work of prose fiction called Pandosto (1588) by Robert Greene. The play opens with Leontes, the king of Sicilia, entertaining his old friend Polixenes, ...
(from the article "Leontief, Wassily") Leontief is also distinguished for having developed linear programming, a mathematical technique for solving complex problems of economic operations. He also is known for the "Leontief Paradox." Economists had previously ...
Russian-born American economist who has been called the father of input-output analysis in econometrics and who won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1973. [3 Related Articles]
ancient Greek town of southeastern Sicily, 22 miles northwest of Syracuse. Originally held by the Sicels (Siculi), its command of the fertile plain on the north made it an attractive ... [1 Related Articles]
Byzantine monk and theologian who provided a breakthrough of terminology in the 6th-century Christological controversy over the mode of union of Christ's human nature with his divinity. He did so ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "dualism") ...archons, or rulers, that cause human passions) and the superior heaven of the Ogdoad (the group of eight divine beings or aeons), as in Gnosticism so also in Mithraism, where ...
(from the article "Ukraine") ...Utoplena ("The Drowned Girl"), and Taras Bulba. Other major composers of the period were Kyrylo Stetsenko, Yakiv Stepovy, and Mykola Leontovych, the latter excelling ...
(Panthera pardus), large cat closely related to the lion, tiger, and jaguar. The name leopard was originally given to the cat now called [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...of the U.S. market, and some analysts attributed the performance to a "halo effect" from the iPod. Apple also introduced the latest version of its Macintosh operating system, nicknamed Leopard ...
(from the article "coin") ...of 20 pence silver, later raised to 24; but the difficulty of relating gold to silver proved insuperable, and the coinage was withdrawn. In 1344 Edward III issued his fine ...
(Felis bengalensis), forest-dwelling cat, family Felidae, found in India and Southeast Asia and noted for its leopard-like colouring. The coat of the leopard cat is usually yellowish or reddish brown ...
(from the article "corydoras") ...metallic brown or green fish with a large dark patch on its body; the dwarf, or pygmy, corydoras (C. hastatus), an active, 4-centimetre-long species with a black band on each ...
group of North American frogs (family Ranidae) occurring throughout North America (except in the coastal band from California to British Columbia) from northern Canada southward into Mexico. At one time ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Sansevieria") genus of ornamental foliage plants in the family Agavaceae, with more than 50 species variously known as bowstring hemp, snake plant, and leopard lily, native primarily to tropical Africa. They ...
any of three species of Gambelia in the lizard family Crotaphytidae. The long-nosed leopard lizard (G. wislizenii) is large and spotted; it inhabits arid and semi-arid areas in the southwestern ...
(Zeuzera pyrina), widely distributed insect of the family Cossidae (order Lepidoptera), known particularly for its destructive larva. [1 Related Articles]
(Hydrurga leptonyx), generally solitary, earless seal (family Phocidae) that inhabits Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. The only seal that feeds on penguins, young seals, and other warm-blooded prey, the leopard seal ... [2 Related Articles]
(Triakis semifasciata), small shark of the family Triakidae found in shallow water along the Pacific coast of the United States. A slim, narrow-headed shark with small, three-cusped teeth, it grows ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "myth") ...or by ascending the sacred tree that connects heaven and earth. The shaman may transform himself into an animal and know how to converse with animals. Another similar phenomenon is ...
any plant of the genus Doronicum of the family Asteraceae, consisting of about 40 species of perennial herbs native to Eurasia. They have large flower heads with ...
Italian poet, scholar, and philosopher whose outstanding scholarly and philosophical works and superb lyric poetry place him among the great writers of the 19th century. [2 Related Articles]
two celebrated Chicago murderers of 1924, who confessed to the kidnapping and murder of 14-year-old Robert ("Bobbie") Franks for an "intellectual" thrill. Pleading guilty, Nathan F. Leopold, Jr. (in full ...
(from the article "Austria") On Albert's death the anti-Habsburg movement flared up again in Austria, but his sons, Frederick I (the Fair) and Leopold I, managed to maintain control. Frederick stood for election as ...
(from the article "Babenberg, House of") Austrian ruling house in the 10th-13th century. Leopold I of Babenberg became margrave of Austria in 976. The Babenbergs' power was modest, however, until the 12th century, when they came ...
prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian field marshal and reformer and inventor of the iron ramrod; he founded the old Prussian military system that, generally unchanged until 1806, enabled Frederick II the ... [1 Related Articles]
first king of the Belgians (1831-65), who helped strengthen the nation's new parliamentary system and, as a leading figure in European diplomacy, scrupulously maintained Belgian neutrality. [5 Related Articles]
Holy Roman emperor during whose lengthy reign (1658-1705) Austria emerged from a series of struggles with the Turks and the French to become a great European power, in which monarchical ... [20 Related Articles]
(from the article "Austria") ...Unstrut, fighting on the side of Henry IV against the rebellious Saxons. Altmann, bishop of Passau, a leader of church reform and a champion of Gregory VII, influenced the next ...
king of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909; he led the first European efforts to develop the Congo River basin, making possible the formation of the Congo Free State in ... [12 Related Articles]
Holy Roman emperor from 1790 to 1792, one of the most capable of the 18th-century reformist rulers known as the "enlightened despots." [7 Related Articles]
(from the article "Habsburg, House of") ...a compact with his younger brothers that acknowledged the principle of equal rights but secured de facto supremacy for the head of the house. Even so, after his death the ...
(from the article "Austria") Under Leopold III (1095-1136) the history of the Babenbergs reached its first culmination point. In the struggle between emperor and pope, Leopold avoided taking sides until a consensus had built ...
king of the Belgians whose actions as commander in chief of the Belgian Army during the German conquest of Belgium (1940) in World War II aroused opposition to his rule, ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "Austria") ...Welfs; the Babenbergs took the side of the Hohenstaufen because of their family ties. In 1139 the German king Conrad III bestowed Bavaria, which he had wrested from the Welfs, ...
(from the article "Germany") ...unite politically with the north. Thus in Berlin as well as in Paris there were reasons for seeking a test of strength. The immediate occasion came in the spring of ...
(from the article "Bach, Johann Sebastian") ...died. He was then succeeded by his son, who was rather a nonentity. Bach presumably resented being thus passed over, and in due course he accepted an appointment as musical ...
(from the article "Austria, flag of") The coat of arms of Austria, a red shield with a white horizontal central stripe, is attributed to Duke Leopold V in the late 12th century. Legend has it that ...
(from the article "Austria") On Leopold V's death the Babenberg domains were divided between his sons for four years, until the death of one of them, Frederick I, in 1198. His brother Leopold VI, ...
(from the article "environmentalism") ...Also in the United States at about the same time, a more strongly biocentric approach arose in the preservationist philosophy of John Muir (1838-1914), founder of the Sierra Club, and ...
poet whose unique expression and masterly technique set him apart from other heirs to the Dutch literary renaissance of the 1880s. His poetry is often wistful and melancholy in mood, ...
(from the article "Leopold and Loeb") Wealthy and intellectually brilliant (Leopold had graduated from the University of Chicago at 18, Loeb from the University of Michigan at 17), the two had committed several petty acts of ...
(from the article "palm") ...or gallery forest, or restricted to such special habitats as limestone outcrops (Maxburretia rupicola), serpentine soils (Gulubia hombronii), or river margins (Astrocaryum jauari, Leopoldinia pulchra) where competition is limited.
(from the article "Vienna") ...the Ring are the inner suburbs (districts II-IX). The many palaces, churches, embassies, and other buildings in this area are elegant, though generally less imposing than those in district I. ...
(from the article "Lamian War") ...the Great. Athenian democratic leaders, headed by Hyperides, in conjunction with the Aetolian Confederacy, fielded an army of 30,000 men in October 323. The commander was the Athenian mercenary Leosthenes, ...
(from the article "circus") Acts of human skill experienced a resurgence in the 19th century as a part of the circus. The flying trapeze was invented by the French acrobat Jules Leotard in 1859. ...
French actor, poet, and chansonnier (b. Aug. 28, 1940, Nice, France-d. Aug. 25, 2001, Paris, France), appeared in more than 70 French- and English-language films, including French Connection II (1975), ...
(from the article "heteropteran") ...not known; about 120 species; in all zoogeographic regions; some widely distributed species may have been carried in drinking water on early sailing ships.Structure suggestive of Saldidae but distinguished ...
(from the article "fungus") ...often foliose and is attached to substrate by an umbilicus; includes rock tripe; examples of genera include Lasallia and Umbilicaria.Parasitic on plants, especially fruits; thin-walled, inoperculate asci, generally with ...
(from the article "cirripede") ...and peduncle; capitular armament not differentiated into wall and operculum; includes 6 suborders, 2 extinct (Cyprilepadomorpha and Praelepadomorpha) and 4 extant (Heteralepadomorpha, Iblomorpha, Lepadomorpha, and Scalpellomorpha), the 3 best-known characterized ...
Quebec's Renaissance man--author, director, designer, and actor--Robert Lepage continued in 1994 to surprise and amaze audiences as the theatrical wizard who masterfully translated ideas into images and made his plays ... [1 Related Articles]
(Oct. 7, 1571), naval engagement between allied Christian forces and the Ottoman Turks during an Ottoman campaign to acquire the Venetian island of Cyprus. Seeking to drive Venice from the ... [12 Related Articles]
(from the article "cirripede") ...it contains elevated above the substratum by a peduncle. The peduncle contains the ovaries and some musculature; it may or may not be armoured by calcareous plates, as in Pollicipes ...
(from the article "cirripede") ...these geese were believed to have come from shellfish rather than flesh, they could be eaten on fasting days. The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus was aware of the myth, for ...
