(from the article "Indo-European languages") Correspondences pointing to the voiced labial stop b are rare, leading some scholars to deny that b existed at all in the parent language. A minority view holds that the ...
(from the article "Altaic languages") Labial (rounding) vowel harmony is a later development and differs in Turkic and Mongolian. In the Turkic languages a high vowel agrees in rounding with the vowel of the immediately ...
(from the article "Mu'allaqat, Al-") ...the Mu'allaqat present another puzzle. The list usually accepted as standard was recorded by Ibn 'Abd Rabbihi and names poems by Imru' al-Qays, Tarafah, Zuhayr, Labid, 'Antarah, 'Amr ibn Kulthum, ...
(from the article "spider") ...respiratory organs, anterior book lungs and posterior tracheae; spinnerets at posterior end of abdomen; 4 pairs of walking legs; 1 or 2 pairs of coxal glands.32,000 species ...
(from the article "Iran, ancient") ...when he was assassinated in 44 BC. The duty of following through on Caesar's project fell to Mark Antony. Pacorus, anticipating Antony, crossed into Syria after having concluded an agreement ...
(from the article "human disease") Regeneration is the production of new cells exactly like those destroyed. Of the three categories of human cells-(1) the labile cells, which multiply throughout life, (2) the stable cells, which ...
(from the article "coordination compound") In considering the mechanisms of substitution (exchange) reactions, Canadian-born American chemist Henry Taube distinguished between complexes that are labile (reacting completely in about one minute in 0.1 M solution at ...
city and administrative centre of Labinsk rayon (sector), Krasnodar kray (region), western Russia. Labinsk lies along the Laba River where it flows into a plain. Founded in 1840 as a ...
(from the article "Italic languages") The development of the Indo-European labiovelar stop kw is more complex. (A labiovelar stop is a sound pronounced with simultaneous articulation-movement-of the lips and the velum, the ...
(from the article "insect") ...maxillae, each consisting of a bladelike lacinia, a hoodlike galea, and a segmented palp bearing sense organ. The paired second maxillae are partly fused in the midline to form the ...
(from the article "Morocco") ...Nazis. This caused rioting in Fes and elsewhere in which some 30 or more demonstrators were killed. As a result, the sultan, who in 1947 persuaded a new and reform-minded ...
(from the article "Gibbons, Abigail Hopper") ...Women's Prison Association, of which she became president, and with the Hopper Home, and over the next several years she often lobbied the state legislature for financial support. She founded ...
in the United States and Canada, holiday (first Monday in September) honouring workers and recognizing their contributions to society. In many other countries May Day serves a similar purpose.
(from the article "transportation economics") According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 1989 the typical household spent $27,810. Housing accounted for $8,609; transportation (mainly automobiles) accounted for $5,187; and food accounted for ...
(from the article "analysis") A summary, though not comprehensive, of the common laboratory measurements that can be performed to supplement information obtained by another analytical procedure is provided in this section. Many of the ...
(from the article "diagnosis") Laboratory tests can be valuable aids in making a diagnosis, but, as screening tools for detecting hidden disease in asymptomatic individuals, their usefulness is limited. The value of a test ...
elementary and secondary schools founded in Iowa City in 1916 to experiment with curriculum development and to serve as model schools for Iowa. Over the next several decades the schools ...
(from the article "Latin American art") ...sculpture. In Santafe de Bogota, which in 1717 became the capital of an independent Viceroyalty of New Granada, polychrome wooden sculpture was executed by its most dynamic creator, Pedro Laborio. ...
British politician, publicist, and noted wit who gained journalistic fame with his dispatches from Paris (for the Daily News, London, of which he was part owner) while ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Liberty, Statue of") A French historian, Edouard de Laboulaye, made the proposal for the statue. Funds were contributed by the French people, and work began in France in 1875 under sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi. ...
an order of fungi in the class Laboulbeniomycetes (phylum Ascomycota, kingdom Fungi) that includes more than 1,800 species, which live off the chitin (exoskeleton) of arachnids (e.g., spiders) and insects. ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "fungus") ...in subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae; examples of genera include Mycocalicium, Chaenothecopsis, Stenocybe, and Sphinctrina.Primarily parasitic on insects; contains two orders.Parasitic on insects,...
(from the article "labour") in human physiology, the physical activity experienced by the mother during parturition (q.v.), or childbirth.ILLUSTRATIONsequential changesSequent
in economics, the general body of wage earners. It is in this sense, for example, that one speaks of "organized labour." In a more special and technical sense, however, labour ... [31 Related Articles]
organization in existence from 1923 until the advent of World War II that defined itself in its constitution as "a union of such parties as accept the principles of the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "labour economics") Another way of regulating rates of pay is a by-product of arbitration systems set up originally as a means of avoiding strikes and lockouts. In Australia it has become the ...
(from the article "Honduras") ...economic policies since the mid-20th century. In 1954 striking banana workers led the trade union movement to one of its most resounding triumphs, which resulted in the promulgation (in 1955) ...
(from the article "Soviet law") Soviet law recognized three distinct categories of employees: workers for state enterprises, employees of collective farms, and inmates in labour camps. Under the Labour Codes, employees at state enterprises enjoyed ...
(from the article "labour law") ...of many states that were formerly British dependencies and remains in force subject to modifications made since independence. Much of the French Labour Code became applicable through the 1952 Labour ...
(from the article "organized labour") ...the one form of organization and the emergence of the other. Examples of the trade-union form of organization are hard to trace before the late 17th century; but during the ...
(from the article "Ireland") ...Wages and employment conditions are normally subject to free collective bargaining, though industrial disputes may be referred to the Labour Relations Commission (created in 1990) or to the Labour Court ...
study of the labour force as an element in the process of production. The labour force comprises all those who work for gain, whether as employees, employers, or as self-employed, ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "Russia") ...strata that wished to go beyond the October Manifesto to a full constitutional monarchy on the British model and to grant autonomy to the non-Russian nationalities. The next largest caucus, ...
the varied body of law applied to such matters as employment, remuneration, conditions of work, trade unions, and industrial relations. In its most comprehensive sense the term includes social security ... [13 Related Articles]
(from the article "Dependent States") American Samoa experienced labour shortages as U.S. nationals traveled to the U.S. for job opportunities and local reservists departed for military service in Iraq and elsewhere. Despite its population of ...
(from the article "Coalition of Labor Union Women") organization of women trade unionists representing more than 60 American and international labour unions. Industrial RevolutionEurope, history ofSocial upheavalClass divisions ...
(from the article "parturition") Early in labour, uterine contractions, or labour pains, occur at intervals of 20 to 30 minutes and last about 40 seconds. They are then accompanied by slight pain, which usually ...
(from the article "Argentina") Peron campaigned for the presidency in the elections of 1946. He organized the Labour Party, which was resisted by all the old parties and by the major vested-interest groups. His ...
(from the article "Fiji") In 1987, however, the Indian-dominated National Federation Party joined in coalition with the new Labour Party (led by a Fijian, Timoci Bavadra), which had strong support from Fijian and Indian ...
(from the article "Malta") On July 6, 2005, the Maltese parliament unanimously ratified the European Union constitution. The opposition Labour Party, however, stated that its vote was conditioned to five reservations, one of which ...
(from the article "South Africa") ...and separate school systems for Afrikaans- and English-speaking whites. The June 1924 election propelled Hertzog to the position of prime minister through a coalition between the National and Labour parties ...
British political party whose historic links with trade unions have led it to promote an active role for the state in the creation of economic prosperity and in the provision ... [45 Related Articles]
(from the article "Norway") Compared with the national election in 2005, the local elections held in the autumn showed that support for most political parties tended to remain stable. The Labour Party was still ...
(from the article "comparative advantage") ...trade to the differences among countries in the relative opportunity costs (costs in terms of other goods given up) of producing the same commodities. In Ricardo's theory, which was based ...
the separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons. It is most often applied to systems ... [22 Related Articles]
the proportion of a person's time spent at work. Hours of labour have declined significantly since the middle of the 19th century, with workers in advanced industrial countries spending far ... [7 Related Articles]
first Russian Marxist organization, founded in September 1883 in Geneva, by Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov and Pavel Axelrod. Convinced that social revolution could be accomplished only by class-conscious industrial workers, the ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "Netherlands, The") ...1990s were always dependent on the Christian Democrat parties of the centre. The first postwar governments were dominated by an alliance of the Labour and Catholic parties, which continued until ...
(from the article "international trade") ...two countries and only two commodities were involved, although the principles are by no means limited to such cases. Again for clarity, the cost of production is usually measured only ...
(from the article "labour economics") ...to other kinds of work and, often, other places. Though part of this adaptation has been unplanned and undirected, a number of governments have undertaken to foster the process of ...
(from the article "Edward III") ...or France. Fresh visitations of the Black Death in England in 1361 and 1369 intensified social and economic disturbances, and desperate but not very successful efforts were made to enforce ...
(from the article "linguistics") ...Applying the statistical methods of modern sociology, linguists have worked out investigative procedures sharply different from those of traditional dialectology. The chief contributor has been William Labov, the pioneer of ...
northeastern portion of the Canadian mainland. Together with the island of Newfoundland, it constitutes the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Labrador has an area of approximately 113,641 square miles (294,330 ... [2 Related Articles]
town, southwestern Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, near the Quebec border. It was developed in the 1950s as a planned community to serve the surrounding mining region (Carol Lake), one ...
surface oceanic current flowing southward along the west side of the Labrador Sea. Originating at the Davis Strait, the Labrador Current is a combination of the West Greenland Current, the ... [6 Related Articles]
(from the article "biblical literature") ...Bible was available in 1862, the work of W. Mason, also a Wesleyan missionary. The New Testament appeared in Ojibwa in 1833, and the whole Bible was translated for the ...
(from the article "Canada") ...In the north the rim is about 7,000 feet (2,000 metres) above sea level, and fjords with walls from 2,000 to 3,000 feet (600 to 900 metres) high extend many ...
breed of sporting dog that originated in Newfoundland and was brought to England by fishermen about 1800. It is an outstanding gun dog, consistently dominating field trials. Standing 21.5 to ...
northwestern arm of the North Atlantic Ocean, between Labrador, Canada (southwest), and Greenland (northeast). It is connected with Baffin Bay (north) through Davis Strait and with Hudson Bay (west) through ... [1 Related Articles]
common name for two species of low-growing, perennial evergreen shrubs in the Rhododendron genus of the heath family (Ericaceae). R. tomentosum is circumpolar and also native to eastern North America. ...
(from the article "mineral deposit") Lake Superior-type BIFs are known and mined on all continents. Among the most famous are the Lake Superior deposits of Michigan and Minnesota, the Labrador Trough deposits of Canada, Serra ...
a feldspar mineral in the plagioclase (q.v.) series that is often valued as a gemstone and as ornamental material for its red, blue, or green iridescence. The mineral is usually ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "ancient Greek civilization") ...with palace and harbour built on monarchical lines that surely owed some inspiration to Dionysius of Sicily. The importance of other sites associated with the Hecatomnid dynasty, above all that ...
philosopher who systematized the study of Marxist socialism in Italy. The first in his nation to expound orthodox Marxism, he profoundly influenced contemporaries of diverse political persuasions.
(from the article "Albret Family") ...celebrated in French history. The lords (sires) of Albret included warriors, cardinals, and kings of Navarre, reaching the height of their power in the 14th to 16th century. Their name ...
(from the article "perciform") Mutual relationships among species are found in many perciform fishes. The cleaner fishes of the wrasse genus Labroides (Labridae) are well-known for their role in the removal of parasites from ...
(from the article "Richardson, Henry Hobson") ...his Louisiana childhood, he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris from 1860 to 1862, when the Civil War at home cut off his income. He then worked in ...
island, East Malaysia, 6 miles (10 km) off northwestern Borneo in the South China Sea. Commanding the entrance to Brunei Bay, it is roughly triangular. Its chief town, Victoria, on ... [2 Related Articles]
any member of the genus (Laburnum) of trees and shrubs having butterfly-like flowers, and belonging to the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family (Fabaceae). The leaves are composed of three ...
(from the article "Performing Arts") ...unexpected Off-Broadway hit and prompted the New York Times to dub the young playwright a "Samuel Beckett for the Jon Stewart generation." Two new plays by the inimitably negative Neil ...
system of intricate passageways and blind alleys. "Labyrinth" was the name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to buildings, entirely or partly subterranean, containing a number of chambers and ...
(from the article "excretion") ...itself. When unraveled the tubule is seen to comprise three or four easily recognizable regions. The tubule arises internally as a small sac, the coelomic sac, which opens into a ...
any of the small tropical fish of the suborder Anabantoidei (order Perciformes). Labyrinth fishes, like most other fishes, breathe with their gills, but they also possess a supplemental breathing structure, ... [1 Related Articles]
inflammation, either acute or chronic, of the inner ear (the labyrinth). It is often a complication of a respiratory-tract infection, of syphilis, or of inflammation of the middle ear. Symptoms ... [1 Related Articles]
a type of tooth made up of infolded enamel that provides a grooved and strongly reinforced structure. This tooth type was common in the true amphibians of the Paleozoic Era, ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "protozoan") ...Actinosphaerium eichhorni), Acantharea (e.g., Acanthochiasma rubescens), and Phaeodarea (e.g., Planktonella atlantica).An ectoplasmic network of spindle-shaped or spherical nonamoeboid cells; in some, amoeboid cells move within the network by gliding, ...
(from the article "fungus") ...an ectoplasmic network and spindle-shaped or spherical cells that move within the network by gliding over one another; contains about 45 species in 10 genera.Parasitic on marine algae, symbiotic ...
(from the article "fungus") ...(a flagellum with short side branches along the central axis, comblike); example genera include Hyphochytrium and Rhizidiomyces.Found in both salt water and fresh water in association with algae and ...
(from the article "Vietnam") Relatively little is known about the origins of the Vietnamese. They first appeared in history as the so-called "Lac" peoples, who lived in the Red River delta region, in what ...
sticky, resinous secretion of the tiny lac insect, Laccifer lacca, which is a species of scale insect. This insect deposits lac on the twigs and young branches of several varieties ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "lac") ...on the sacred fig, Ficus religiosa, in India, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. The lac is harvested predominantly for the production of shellac (q.v.) and lac dye, ...
(from the article "Vietnam") ...father of Chinese agriculture. De Minh and an immortal fairy of the mountains produced Kinh Duong, ruler of the Land of Red Demons, who married the daughter of the Dragon ...
(from the article "gorilla") ...once classified by the IUCN as critically endangered, doubled in 2008 with the discovery of a previously unknown population. This population, numbering more than 100,000, inhabits the swamps of the ...
Italian politician and man of letters who was best known for his part in the diplomatic maneuvers surrounding Giuseppe Garibaldi's expedition in 1860 to liberate Naples and Sicily from Bourbon ...
(from the article "Bolivia") ...lake may reach almost to Oruro to the north, fully 30 miles (50 km) from its low-water shore. Both lakes continue to support a wide variety of wildlife, as well ...
Mayan Indians living in a territory on the Mexico-Guatemala border. Some Lacandon probably live in Belize, across the eastern border of Guatemala. Currently divisible into two major groups, the total ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Lakshadweep") union territory of India. It is a group of some two dozen islands with a total land area of 12 square miles (32 square kilometres) scattered over 30,000 square miles ...
(from the article "insect") ...by the Aztecs and is used today as a dye in foods, makeup, drugs, and textiles. Several insect waxes are used commercially, especially beeswax and lac wax. The resinous product ...
in geology, any of a type of igneous intrusion that has split apart two strata, resulting in a domelike structure; the floor of the structure is usually horizontal. A laccolith ... [2 Related Articles]
ornamental, openwork fabric formed by looping, interlacing, braiding (plaiting), or twisting threads. The dividing line between lace and embroidery, which is an ornamentation added to an already completed fabric, is ... [2 Related Articles]
any of about 800 species of insects (order Heteroptera) in which the adult, usually less than 5 mm (0.2 inch) long, has a lacelike pattern of ridges and membranous areas ... [1 Related Articles]
collection of decorative lace patterns produced in the 16th and 17th centuries. The earliest known printed pattern books, beginning with those published in 1527 by Matio Pagano in Venice and ...
(from the article "tree") ...cork of the cork oak (Quercus suber) and the rugged, fissured outer coat of many other oaks; the flaking, patchy-coloured barks of sycamores (Platanus) and the lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana); ...
