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Lacaita, Sir James ... Laetare Sunday
Lacaita, Sir James
Italian politician and man of letters who was best known for his part in the diplomatic maneuvers surrounding Giuseppe Garibaldi's expedition in 1860 to liberate Naples and Sicily from Bourbon ...
Lacan, Jacques
French psychoanalyst who gained an international reputation as an original interpreter of Sigmund Freud's work.
Lacandon
Mayan Indians living in a territory on the Mexico-Guatemala border. Some Lacandon probably live in Belize, across the eastern border of Guatemala. Currently divisible into two major groups, the total ...
laccolith
in geology, any of a type of igneous intrusion that has split apart two strata, resulting in a domelike structure; the floor of the structure is usually horizontal. A laccolith ...
lace
ornamental, openwork fabric formed by looping, interlacing, braiding (plaiting), or twisting threads. The dividing line between lace and embroidery, which is an ornamentation added to an already completed fabric, is ...
lace bug
any insect of the easily recognized cosmopolitan family Tingidae (order Heteroptera), which numbers about 2,000 species. The adult, usually less than 5 mm (0.2 inch) long, has a lacelike pattern ...
lace pattern book
collection of decorative lace patterns produced in the 16th and 17th centuries. The earliest known printed pattern books, beginning with those published in 1527 by Matio Pagano in Venice and ...
Lacepede, Etienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de
(count of) French naturalist and politician who made original contributions to the knowledge of fishes and reptiles.
Lacerta
genus of lizards of the family Lacertidae that includes among its more than 50 species most European lizards and some Asian and African species. Lacerta species have well-developed limbs and ...
lacewing
any of many species of neuropteran insects, especially those in the green lacewing family Chrysopidae and in the brown lacewing family Hemerobiidae, of the order Neuroptera. The green lacewing, sometimes ...
Lachaise, Gaston
French-born American sculptor known for his massively proportioned female nudes.
Laches
a rich Athenian aristocrat who played a leading part in the first phase of the Peloponnesian War.
Lachine
city, Montreal region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It is a western suburb of Montreal city in the Montreal Metropolitan Corporation. Lachine lies on the south shore of Montreal Island facing ...
Lachlan River
chief tributary of the Murrumbidgee River, in New South Wales, Australia. Rising in the Great Dividing Range (Eastern Highlands), 8 miles (13 km) east of Gunning, it flows northwest, and, ...
Lachmann, Karl
German founder of modern textual criticism, or the methodology of determining the definitive text of a written work. His commentary (1850) on Lucretius' De rerum natura ("On the Nature of ...
Lachs, Manfred
Polish writer, educator, diplomat, and jurist who profoundly influenced the postwar development of international law.
Lachung
village, northeastern Sikkim state, northeastern India, on the Lachung River, a tributary of the Tista. A small trading centre (corn [maize] and pulses), it is equipped with a dispensary, rest ...
Lack, David Lambert
British ornithologist, best known as the author of The Life of the Robin (1943) and other works that popularized natural science.
Lackawanna
city, Erie county, western New York, U.S., on Lake Erie, adjoining Buffalo (north). Originally part of an Indian reservation, it was settled in the 1850s as part of West Seneca ...
Lackawanna
county, northeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., bordered by Choke Creek to the southwest and the Lehigh River to the southeast. Its terrain is topographically complex. The Lackawanna River, bordered on the southeast ...
Laclos, Pierre Choderlos de
French soldier and writer, author of the classic Les Liaisons dangereuses, one of the earliest examples of the psychological novel.
Laconia
nomos (department) and historic region in the southeastern part of the Peloponnese, southern Greece. The present department of Laconia corresponds closely to the ancient province, which was bounded by Arcadia ...
Laconia
city, seat of Belknap county, central New Hampshire, U.S., on the Winnipesaukee River and bordering Winnisquam Lake and Opechee and Paugus bays of Lake Winnipesaukee. In a mountain setting, it ...
Laconia, Gulf of
large, deep gulf on the southern Ionian Sea embraced by the two southernmost peninsulas of the Peloponnese, Greece, 35 miles (56 km) north-south and 30 miles (48 km) wide. Cape ...
Lacordaire, Henri
leading ecclesiastic in the Roman Catholic revival in France following the Napoleonic period.
Lacoste, Rene
French tennis player who was a leading competitor in the late 1920s. As one of the powerful Four Musketeers (the others were Jean Borotra, Henri Cochet, and Jacques Brugnon), he ...
Lacq
village, centre of an industrial complex in the Bearn region, Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement, southwestern France, northwest of Pau. The industrial complex was built after the discovery at Lacq of petroleum and, ...
lacquerwork
certain metallic and wood objects to which coloured and frequently opaque varnishes called lacquer are applied. The word lacquer is derived from lac, which is the basis of some lacquers. ...
Lacretelle, Jacques de
French novelist, the third member of his family to be elected to the French Academy (1936).
Lacretelle, Jean-Charles-Dominique de, The Younger
French historian and journalist, a pioneer in the historical study of the French Revolution.
Lacroix, Alfred
French mineralogist whose Mineraux des roches (1888; "The Minerals of Rocks"), written with the geologist Albert Michel-Levy, was a pioneer study of the optical properties of rock-forming minerals.
lacrosse
(French: "the crosier"), competitive sport, modern version of the North American Indian game of baggataway, in which two teams of players use long-handled, racketlike implements (crosses) to catch, carry, or ...
Lactantius
Christian apologist and one of the most reprinted of the Latin Church Fathers, whose Divinae institutiones ("Divine Precepts"), a classically styled philosophical refutation of early-4th-century anti-Christian tracts, was the first ...
lactase
any of a group of enzymes found in the small intestine, liver, and kidney of mammals that catalyze the breakdown of lactose (milk sugar) into the simple sugars glucose and ...
lactation
secretion and yielding of milk by females after giving birth. The milk is produced by the mammary glands, which are contained within the breasts. (See also mammary gland.)
lactic acid
an organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, present in certain plant juices, in the blood and muscles of animals, and in the soil. It is the commonest ...
lactic-acid bacterium
any member of several genera of gram-positive, rod- or sphere-shaped bacteria that produce lactic acid as the principal or sole end product of carbohydrate fermentation. Lactic-acid bacteria are aerotolerant anaerobes ...
Lactobacillus
a genus of rod-shaped, gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Lactobacillaceae, widely distributed in animal feeds, silage, manure, and milk and milk products. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, a typical species, is 0.5 ...
lactone
any of a class of cyclic organic esters, usually formed by reaction of a carboxylic acid group with a hydroxyl group or halogen atom present in the same molecule. Commercially ...
lactose
carbohydrate containing one molecule of glucose and one of galactose linked together. Composing about 2 to 8 percent of the milk of all mammals, lactose is sometimes called milk sugar. ...
lacustrine ecosystem
any pond or lake viewed as an ecological unit of the biotic community and the physiochemical environment, within which mass and energy are cyclically exchanged. The factors affecting the lives ...
Lacy, Franz Moritz, Count von
field marshal who served under the empress Maria Theresa and her successors and who reorganized the Austrian army.
Ladakh
region of eastern Kashmir, part of Jammu and Kashmir state, in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. It contains the western Himalayan Ladakh Range. Ladakh covers about 45,000 square ...
Ladakh Range
segment of the Karakoram Range, extending southeastward for 230 miles (370 km) from the mouth of the Shyok River in northern Pakistan across northern India to the Tibetan (China) border. ...
Ladd, Alan
American motion picture actor most noted for roles in which he portrayed detectives, cowboys, and war heroes.
Ladd, George Trumbull
philosopher and psychologist whose textbooks were influential in establishing experimental psychology in the United States. He called for a scientific psychology, but he viewed psychology as ancillary to philosophy.
Ladd-Franklin, Christine
nee Ladd American scientist and logician known for contributions to the theory of colour vision.
ladder-back chair
chair with a tall back constructed of horizontal slats or spindles between two uprights. The type is usually rustic, and the seat is often of cane or rush.
Ladies' Home Journal
American monthly magazine, one of the longest-running in the country and long the trendsetter among women's magazines. It was founded in 1883 as a women's supplement to the
ladies' tresses
any plant of the genus Spiranthes, family Orchidaceae, numbering as many as 300 species of orchids found in woods and grasslands throughout most of the world. Goodyera repens, an unrelated ...
Ladik carpet
handwoven floor covering usually in a prayer design and made in or near Ladik, a town in the Konya Plain of south-central Turkey. Ladik prayer rugs have either a high, ...
lading, bill of
document executed by a carrier, such as a railroad or shipping line, acknowledging receipt of goods and embodying an agreement to transport the goods to a stated destination. Bills of ...
Ladinian Stage
uppermost of two divisions of the Middle Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Ladinian time (234 million to 227 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage ...
Ladino
Europeanized Central American person of predominantly Spanish origin. Despite regional variations, there is a cultural similarity among Ladinos stemming from their common Spanish origins and speech. Ladinos include urban classes, ...
Ladino language
Romance language spoken by Sefardic Jews in the Balkans, the Middle East, North Africa, Greece, and Turkey; it is very nearly extinct in many of these areas. A very archaic ...
Ladipo, Duro
Nigerian dramatist whose innovative folk operas incorporating ritual poetry and traditional rhythms performed on indigenous instruments were based on Yoruba history.
Ladislas
king of Naples (from 1386), claimant to the throne of Hungary (from 1390), and prince of Taranto (from 1406). He became a skilled political and military leader, taking advantage of ...
Ladislas I
king of Hungary who greatly expanded the boundaries of the kingdom and consolidated it internally; no other Hungarian king was so generally beloved by the people.
Ladislas IV
king of Hungary who, by his support of the German king Rudolf I at the Battle of Durnkrut, helped to establish the future power of the Habsburg dynasty in Austria.
Ladislas V
boy king of Hungary and of Bohemia (from 1453), who was caught up in the feud between his guardian Ulrich, count of Cilli, and the Hunyadi family of Hungary.
Lado Enclave
region in central Africa bordering on Lake Albert Nyanza (now Lake Albert), on the west bank of the Upper Nile, that was administered by the Congo Free State in 1894-1909 ...
Ladoga, Lake
largest lake in Europe, located in northwestern Russia about 25 miles (40 km) east of St. Petersburg. It is 6,700 square miles (17,600 square km) in area-exclusive of islands-and 136 ...
lady
in the British Isles, a general title for any peeress below the rank of duchess and also for the wife of a baronet or of a knight. Before the Hanoverian ...
Lady chapel
chapel attached to a church and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. As the development of the chevet, or radiating system of apse chapels, progressed during the 12th and 13th centuries, ...
lady fern
(species Athyrium filix-femina), a large, feathery fern classified in the family Aspleniaceae (Aspidiaceae in some classification systems), widely cultivated for ornamentation. Leaves are about 75 cm (30 inches) long and ...
lady's mantle
any of several herbaceous perennials of the genus Alchemilla, particularly A. vulgaris, within the rose family (Rosaceae). A. vulgaris is widely distributed in Eurasia and has been introduced into North ...
lady's slipper
any member of several genera of orchids, family Orchidaceae, in which the lip of the flower is slipper-shaped. The genus Cypripedium has about 50 temperate and subtropical species. One well-known ...
ladybird beetle
any of the approximately 5,000 widely distributed beetles of the family Coccinellidae (order Coleoptera). The name originated in the Middle Ages, when the beetle was dedicated to the Virgin Mary ...
ladyfish
(Elops saurus), primarily tropical coastal marine fish of the family Elopidae (order Elopiformes), related to the tarpon and bonefish. The ladyfish is slender and pikelike in form and covered with ...
Ladysmith
town, northwestern KwaZulu/Natal province, South Africa, on the Klip River. Founded in 1850 after the British annexed the area, it was named for the wife of Sir Harry Smith (then ...
Lae
port city, northeastern Papua New Guinea. It is located near the mouth of the Markham River on Huon Gulf. Commercial activities centre on the export of timber, plywood, and coffee ...
Laelia
genus of orchids, family Orchidaceae, containing as many as 75 species of plants with attractively coloured flowers. Many species have been crossed with Cattleya and other genera to produce hybrid ...
Laelius Sapiens, Gaius, The Younger
Roman soldier and politician known chiefly as an orator and a friend of Scipio Aemilianus. Laelius appears as one of the speakers in Cicero's De senectute ("On Old Age"), De ...
Laelius, Gaius
Roman general and politician who contributed to Roman victory during the Second Punic War (218-201) between Rome and Carthage.
Laennec, Rene-Theophile-Hyacinthe
French physician who invented the stethoscope and is generally considered the father of chest medicine. Using a foot-long wooden cylinder that he placed on the chests of his patients, he ...
Laetare Sunday
fourth Sunday in Lent in the Western Christian Church, so called from the first word ("Rejoice") of the introit of the liturgy. It is also known as mid-Lent Sunday, for ...