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Little Saint Bernard Pass ... Livonian War

Little Saint Bernard Pass: pass (7,178 ft [2,188 m]) situated just southwest of the Italian border in Savoie departement of southeastern France; it lies between the Mont Blanc Massif (north) and the Graian Alps ...
Little Tennessee River: river rising in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northeastern Georgia, U.S., and flowing about 150 mi (240 km) north and northwest, through southwestern North Carolina and across Tennessee to the ...
little theatre: movement in U.S. theatre to free dramatic forms and methods of production from the limitations of the large commercial theatres by establishing small experimental centres of drama. The movement was ...
Little Turtle: American Indian, chief of the Miami tribe, who achieved fame during the turbulent period when the U.S. Congress launched a punitive campaign against the Indians who were raiding settlers in ...
Little Walter: African-American blues singer and harmonica virtuoso, one of the most influential harmonica improvisers of the late 20th century.
Little, Royal: American businessman and investor who founded Textron, Inc., the first major American corporation built on the concept of diversification, or conglomeration.
Littleton: city, seat (1904) of Arapahoe county, north-central Colorado, U.S. Parts of the city also lie within Douglas and Jefferson counties. Located 11 miles (18 km) south of Denver, the city ...
Littleton, Sir Thomas: jurist, author of Littleton on Tenures (or Treatise on Tenures), the first important English legal text neither written in Latin nor significantly influenced by ...
Littlewood, Joan: influential British theatrical director who rejected the standardized form and innocuous social content of the commercial theatre in favour of experimental productions of plays concerned with contemporary social issues for ...
Litton Industries, Inc.: diversified U.S. multinational corporation founded in 1953 by Charles Bates "Tex" Thornton (1913-81). Its more than 80 divisions provide products and services ranging from electronic and electrical components and equipment ...
littoral zone: marine ecological realm that experiences the effects of tidal and longshore currents and breaking waves to a depth of 5 to 10 metres (16 to 33 feet) below the low-tide ...
Littre, Paul-Emile: French language scholar, lexicographer, and philosopher whose monumental Dictionnaire de la langue francaise, 4 vol. (1863-73; "Dictionary of the French Language"), is one of the outstanding lexicographic accomplishments of all ...
Lituites: genus of extinct cephalopods (primitive animals related to the modern pearly nautilus) found as fossils in marine rocks of the Ordovician Period (the Ordovician Period lasted from 505 to 438 ...
liturgical drama: in the Middle Ages, type of play acted within or near the church and relating stories from the Bible and of the saints. Although they had their roots in the ...
Liturgical Movement: a 19th- and 20th-century effort in Christian churches to restore the active and intelligent participation of the people in the liturgy, or official rites, of the Christian religion. The movement ...
liturgical music: music written for performance in a religious rite of worship; the term is most commonly associated with the Christian tradition. Developing from the musical practices of the Jewish synagogues, which ...
Litvinov: industrial commune, northern Severocesky kraj (region), northwestern Czech Republic. Located at the foot of the Krusne Hory (Ore Mountains), the commune was created in 1950 from the villages of Horni ...
Litvinov, Maksim Maksimovich: original name Meir Walach Soviet diplomat and commissar of foreign affairs (1930-39), who was a prominent advocate of world disarmament and of collective security with the Western powers against Nazi ...
Liu An: Chinese nobleman and scholar who was one of the few prominent Daoist philosophers active during the 700-year period between the peak of Daoist thought in the 4th century BC and ...
Liu Chin: eunuch who dominated the Chinese government during the early rule of Cheng-te (reigned 1505-21) of the Ming dynasty.
Liu E: Chinese government functionary and economic promoter famed for his major literary work, Laocan youji (1904-07; The Travels of Laocan).
Liu Hui: Chinese mathematician.
Liu K'un-i: official and modernizer in the later years of the Ch'ing dynasty (1644-1911/12).
Liu Pei: ruler of one of the three kingdoms into which China was divided at the end of the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).
Liu Shaoqi: chairman of the People's Republic of China (1959-68) and chief theoretician for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who was considered Mao Zedong's heir apparent until he was purged in the ...
Liu Songnian: active Chinese figure and landscape painter who was one of the great masters of the Southern Song dynasty.
Liu Xiang: hurdler who brought China its first Olympic gold medal in a men's track-and-field event.
Liu Yuan: Hsiung-nu invader who took the title of king of Han in 304. Liu's invasion is seen as the start of the "barbarian" inundation of China that continued until 589.
Liu Zongyuan: Chinese poet and prose writer who supported the movement to liberate writers from the highly formalized pianwen, the parallel prose style cultivated by the Chinese literati for ...
Liu-chou: city in central Kwangsi Chuang autonomous ch'u (region), southern China.
Liu-p'an Mountains: mountain range in northern China extending southward from the Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region across the eastern panhandle of Kansu Province and into western Shensi Province. The range is formed by ...
Liudolf: duke of Swabia and son of the Holy Roman emperor Otto I, against whom he led a revolt.
Liutprand: Lombard king of Italy whose long and prosperous reign was a period of expansion and consolidation for the Lombards.
Liutprand Of Cremona: Lombard diplomat, historian, and bishop of Cremona whose chronicles are a major source for the history of the 10th century.
live oak: any of several species of North American ornamental and timber trees belonging to the red oak group of the genus Quercus in the beech family (Fagaceae).
live-bearer: any of the numerous live-bearing topminnows of the family Poeciliidae (order Atheriniformes), found only in the New World and most abundantly in Mexico and Central America. Most of the many ...
Lively, Penelope: British writer of well-plotted novels and short stories that stress the significance of memory and historical continuity.
liver: the largest gland in the body, a spongy mass of wedge-shaped lobes that has many metabolic and secretory functions. The liver secretes bile, a digestive fluid; metabolizes proteins, carbohydrates, and ...
liver cancer: any of several forms of disease characterized by tumours in the liver; benign liver tumours remain in the liver, whereas malignant tumours are, by ...
liver fluke: any of certain parasitic flatworms that invade the liver of the host animal. See fluke.
liver function test: any laboratory procedure that measures and assesses various aspects of liver function.
Livermore: city, Alameda county, western California, U.S. It is situated on the eastern edge of the Livermore-Amador Valley, 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Oakland. The area was originally inhabited by ...
Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice: American suffragist and reformer who saw the vote for women as integral to ameliorating many social ills.
Liverpool: fifth largest city of England, a seaport, and the nucleus of the metropolitan county of Merseyside in the historic county of Lancashire. The city proper, which is a metropolitan borough ...
Liverpool: former town, Queens county, southeastern Nova Scotia, Canada, lying at the mouth of the Mersey River, 88 miles (142 km) west-southwest of Halifax. In 1996 it amalgamated with Queens Municipal ...
Liverpool delft: tin-glazed earthenware made from about 1710 to about 1760 in Liverpool, Eng., which, along with Bristol and London (Southwark and Lambeth), was one of the three main centres of English ...
Liverpool porcelain: soft-paste porcelain, rather heavy and opaque, produced between 1756 and 1800 in various factories of Liverpool, Eng., largely for export to America and the West Indies. The earliest factory was ...
Liverpool Street Station: railway station in the northeastern part of the City of London. Lying beside Bishopsgate (street) and the Great Eastern Hotel (1884), it is roughly equidistant between Spitalfields Market (in Tower ...
Liverpool, Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of, Baron Hawkesbury Of Hawkesbury: politician who held numerous offices in the British government under King George III and was the object of widespread suspicion as well as deference because of his reputed clandestine influence ...
Liverpool, Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of, Baron Hawkesbury Of Hawkesbury: British prime minister from June 8, 1812, to Feb. 17, 1827, who, despite his long tenure of office, was overshadowed by the greater political imaginativeness of his colleagues, George Canning ...
liverwort: (class Hepatopsida, or Hepaticae), any of more than 8,000 species of small, nonvascular, spore-producing land plants constituting part of the division Bryophyta. They include the thallose liverworts that show branching, ...
livery company: any of various craft or trade associations of the City of London, Eng., most of which are descended from medieval guilds. Certain grades of members are privileged to wear a ...
Livesay, Dorothy: Canadian lyric poet whose sensitive and reflective works spanned six decades.
livestock: farm animals, with the exception of poultry. In Western countries the category encompasses primarily cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses, donkeys, and mules; other animals, such as buffalo, oxen, or camels, ...
livestock farming: raising of animals for use or for pleasure. In this article, the discussion of livestock includes both beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses, buffalo, and camels; ...
Livia Drusilla: Caesar Augustus's devoted and influential wife who counseled him on affairs of state and who, in her efforts to secure the imperial succession for her son Tiberius, was reputed to ...
Living Newspaper: theatrical production consisting of dramatizations of current events, social problems, and controversial issues, with appropriate suggestions for improvement. The technique was used for propaganda in the U.S.S.R. from the time ...
Living Theatre, The: theatrical repertory company founded in New York City in 1947 by Julian Beck and Judith Malina. It is known for its innovative production of experimental drama, often on radical themes, ...
living-rock cactus: any of several cactus plants comprising the genus Ariocarpus, family Cactaceae, and especially A. fissuratus fissuratus. The six species almost entirely lack spines but are woolly covered. They are native ...
Livings, Henry: British working-class playwright whose farces convey serious truths. His plays, which resemble parables, exhibit both a dazzling comic flair and an unexpected force and profundity that is heightened by his ...
Livingston: city, seat (1887) of Park county, south-central Montana, U.S. It lies about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bozeman near the Yellowstone River. The city is surrounded by divisions of ...
Livingston: "new town," West Lothian council area, southeastern Scotland, on the Glasgow-Edinburgh motorway (superhighway). Livingston lies mainly within the historic county of West Lothian, but the part of the town south ...
Livingston: county, western New York state, U.S. The terrain rises from a lowland region in the north to rolling hills in the south. The Genesee River flows through the western part ...
Livingston, Edward: American lawyer, legislator, and statesman, who codified criminal law and procedure.
Livingston, Henry Brockholst: associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1806 to 1823.
Livingston, Robert: early American landowner, politician, and merchant who founded the prominent Livingston family of New York state and laid the basis of his family's material fortune.
Livingston, Robert R.: early American leader who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, first secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs (1781-83), and minister to France (1801-04).
Livingston, William: first Revolutionary governor of New Jersey.
Livingstone: town, extreme southern Zambia. It lies on the northern bank of the Zambezi River at the Zimbabwe border. The first European settlement in the area was upriver at the Old ...
Livingstone Falls: series of 32 rapids and cataracts on the Congo River, extending for about 220 miles (354 km) between Kinshasa and Matadi in Congo (Kinshasa) and partially along the border with ...
Livingstone, David: Scottish missionary and explorer who exercised a formative influence upon Western attitudes toward Africa.
Livingstone, Sir Richard Winn: classical scholar and university administrator who championed the classical liberal arts curriculum.
Livius Andronicus, Lucius: founder of Roman epic poetry and drama.
Livonia: city, western suburb of Detroit, Wayne county, southeastern Michigan, U.S. It originated in 1834 as Livonia Township (named for Livonia, N.Y.) and was basically a farming community for more than ...
Livonia: lands on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, north of Lithuania; the name was originally applied by Germans in the 12th century to the area inhabited by the Livs, ...
Livonian War: (1558-83), prolonged military conflict, during which Russia unsuccessfully fought Poland, Lithuania, and Sweden for control of greater Livonia-the area including Estonia, Livonia, Courland, and the island of Oesel-which was ruled ...