| | - legate
- in the Roman Catholic Church, a cleric sent on a mission, ecclesiastical or diplomatic, by the pope as his personal representative. Three types of legates are recognized by canon law. ... [2 Related Articles]
- legatio
- (from the article "diplomacy") ...instructions from their government. Sometimes a messenger, or nuntius, was sent, usually to towns. For larger responsibilities a legatio (embassy) of 10 or 12 ...
- legation
- major administrative division of the Papal States ruled by a cardinal legate during the 18th and 19th centuries. In the mid-19th century, on the eve of Italian unification, there were ...
- legatus a latere
- (from the article "legate") in the Roman Catholic Church, a cleric sent on a mission, ecclesiastical or diplomatic, by the pope as his personal representative. Three types of legates are recognized by canon law. ...
- legatus Augusti pro praetore
- (from the article "North Africa") ...in command of an army and yet formally responsible to the Senate rather than to the emperor. This anomaly was removed in AD 39 when Caligula entrusted the army to ...
- Legazpi, Miguel Lopez de
- Spanish explorer who established Spain's dominion over the Philippines that lasted until the Spanish-American War of 1898. [2 Related Articles]
- Legba
- (from the article "African religions") ...lusts, even at the price of disaster. Although the trickster introduces disorder and confusion into the divine plan, he also paves the way for a new, more dynamic order. To ...
- legend
- traditional story or group of stories told about a particular person or place. Formerly the term legend meant a tale about a saint. Legends resemble folktales in content; they may ... [16 Related Articles]
- Legendre, Adrien-Marie
- French mathematician whose distinguished work on elliptic integrals provided basic analytic tools for mathematical physics. [4 Related Articles]
- Leger, Fernand
- French painter who was deeply influenced by modern industrial technology and Cubism. He developed "machine art," a style characterized by monumental mechanistic forms rendered in bold colours. [5 Related Articles]
- Leges Barbarorum
- (from the article "Anglo-Saxon law") the body of legal principles that prevailed in England from the 6th century until the Norman Conquest (1066). In conjunction with Scandinavian law and the so-called barbarian laws (leges barbarorum) ...
- Legg cutter
- (from the article "tea") In many countries, rolling the leaf has been abandoned in favour of distortion by a variety of machines. In the Legg cutter (actually a tobacco-cutting machine), the leaf is forced ...
- Legge, James
- (from the article "Wang Tao") ...in South China (1850-64) aroused the enmity of officials in the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) government. Forced to flee to British-controlled Hong Kong, Wang met the Scottish scholar James Legge, whom ...
- Legge, Walter
- (from the article "Schwarzkopf, Dame Elisabeth") In 1953 Schwarzkopf married Walter Legge, artistic director for a recording company and a founder of the London Philharmonic. Working with her husband, she recorded the major Mozart operas, Richard ...
- Leggett, Anthony J.
- British physicist, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2003 for his seminal work on superfluidity. He shared the award with the Russian physicists Alexey A. Abrikosov and Vitaly ...
- Legh, Gerard
- (from the article "heraldry") ...with the vast mass of nonsense contained in the folios of the 16th century, such conceits were not entirely unreasonable. The works of Sir John Ferne, Blazon of Gentrie (1586), ...
- Leghari, Farooq
- (from the article "Sharif, Nawaz") ...party of the Islamic Democratic Alliance coalition, he was first elected Pakistan's prime minister in October 1990. His election followed the dismissal of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto by Pres. Farooq ...
- Leghorn
- (from the article "Selected breeds of poultry") ...developed in the U.S. in 1930 from Rhode Island Red stock, is a meaty, early maturing breed with light-red feathers and lays large brown eggs. The only Mediterranean breed of ...
- legion
- a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. The term legion also denotes the military system by which imperial Rome conquered and ruled the ... [5 Related Articles]
- Legion II
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...this purpose smaller expeditionary forces were formed consisting of single legions or parts of legions with their auxilia (subsidiary allied troops). The best-documented campaign is that of Legion II under ...
- Legion IX
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...campaign is that of Legion II under its legate Vespasian starting from Chichester, where the Atrebatic kingdom was restored; the Isle of Wight was taken and the hill forts of ...
- Legion of Honour
- premier order of the French republic, created by Napoleon Bonaparte, then first consul, on May 19, 1802, as a general military and civil order of merit conferred without regard to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Legion XIV
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...its legate Vespasian starting from Chichester, where the Atrebatic kingdom was restored; the Isle of Wight was taken and the hill forts of Dorset reduced. Legion IX advanced into Lincolnshire, ...
- Legion XX
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...beyond the Fosse Way up to the River Severn and to move forward his forces into this area for the struggle with the Silures and Ordovices. The Roman forces were ...
- Legionella pneumophila
- (from the article "Legionnaire disease") form of pneumonia caused by the bacillus Legionella pneumophila. The name of the disease (and of the bacterium) derives from a 1976 state convention of the American ...
- Legionnaire disease
- form of pneumonia caused by the bacillus Legionella pneumophila. The name of the disease (and of the bacterium) derives from a 1976 state convention of the American ... [2 Related Articles]
- legislative apportionment
- process by which representation is distributed among the constituencies of a representative assembly. This use of the term apportionment is limited almost exclusively to the United States. In most other ... [4 Related Articles]
- Legislative Assembly
- (from the article "Australian Capital Territory") ...are designated for planning control by the federal government. Unlike the situation in the states, the federal government holds a veto over territory government legislation. The 17-member Legislative Assembly is ...
- Legislative Assembly
- (from the article "India") ...the number of Indian members to the viceroy's Executive Council from at least two to no fewer than three and transformed the Imperial Legislative Council into a bicameral legislature consisting ...
- Legislative Assembly
- (from the article "Panama") ...in 2004. The outgoing administration of Pres. Mireya Moscoso had been accused of being one of the most corrupt in Panamanian history, with charges ranging from nepotism to buying votes ...
- Legislative Assembly
- (from the article "India") All states have a Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly), popularly elected for terms of up to five years, while a small (and declining) number of states also have an upper house, ...
- Legislative Assembly
- national parliament of France during part of the Revolutionary period and again during the Second Republic. The first was created in September 1791 and was in session from Oct. 1, ... [6 Related Articles]
- Legislative Assembly
- (from the article "Legislative Assembly") ...created in September 1791 and was in session from Oct. 1, 1791, to Sept. 20, 1792, when it was replaced by the National Convention, marking the formal beginning of the ...
- Legislative Building
- (from the article "Edmonton") ...and is the site of the University of Alberta (1906), the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, the Provincial Museum of Alberta, the Queen Elizabeth Planetarium, and the Valley Zoo. The ...
- Legislative Building
- (from the article "Winnipeg") ...the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, and the Manitoba Theatre Centre. It is the seat of the University of Manitoba (1877), the University of Winnipeg (1871), and Red River College (1938). The ...
- Legislative Commission
- (from the article "Europe, history of") ...as a set of ideas and a program of reforms. Since the latter were mostly shelved, questions arise about the sincerity of the royal author of the Nakaz, instructions for ...
- Legislative Council
- (from the article "New South Wales") The parliament consists of two houses. The lower house, or Legislative Assembly, has 109 members elected from single-member constituencies by optional preferential voting. The upper house, or Legislative Council, has ...
- Legislative Council
- (from the article "India") All states have a Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly), popularly elected for terms of up to five years, while a small (and declining) number of states also have an upper house, ...
- Legislative Council
- (from the article "Brunei") In Brunei 2004 was an eventful year. During his 58th birthday speech on July 15, Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah made a landmark announcement on the revitalization of the ...
- Legislative Council
- (from the article "Hong Kong") ...Basic Law vests executive authority in a chief executive, who is under the jurisdiction of the central government in Peking (Beijing) and serves a five-year term. Legislative authority rests with ...
- Legislative Council
- (from the article "Uganda") In 1921 a Legislative Council was instituted, but its membership was so small (four official and two nonofficial members) that it made little impact on the protectorate. The Indian community, ...
- legislative investigative powers
- powers of a lawmaking body to conduct investigations. In most countries this power is exercised primarily to provide a check on the executive branch of government. The U.S. Congress, however, ...
- legislative veto
- (from the article "checks and balances") From 1932 the U.S. Congress exercised a so-called legislative veto. Clauses in certain laws qualified the authority of the executive branch to act by making specified acts subject to disapproval ...
- legislature
- (from the article "political system") ...observation over a considerable period before members become proficient in their manipulation. Voting procedures range from the formal procession of the division or teller vote in the British House of ...
- legitim
- (from the article "property law") ...leaving a spouse or close kin (descendants or ascendants) may effectively dispose of only a portion of his estate by will. The rest must go to the statutory heirs (known ...
- legitimation
- (from the article "illegitimacy") An illegitimate child's status may be changed by a legal action called legitimation, granting him all the rights of legitimate children-except that property or money already given to a naturally ...
- legitimism
- (from the article "Germany") ...ideological position more precisely. The old theories of monarchy by divine right or despotic benevolence offered little protection against the assaults of liberalism and democracy. The defenders of legitimism, who ...
- Legitimist
- in 19th-century France, any of the royalists who from 1830 onward supported the claims of the representative of the senior line of the house of Bourbon to be the legitimate ... [3 Related Articles]
- Legnani, Pierina
- Italian ballerina whose virtuoso technique inspired Russian dancers to develop their now-characteristic technical brilliance.
- Legnano
- city, Lombardia (Lombardy) regione, northern Italy, on the Olona River. An unimportant Roman settlement called Leunianum, it became the site of a fortified castle of the bishops of Milan in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Legnano, Battle of
- (from the article "Alexander III") ...policies followed by the papal Curia in the 13th century. Frederick found himself increasingly isolated in Italy and at odds with powerful elements in Germany. His decisive defeat by the ...
- Legnica
- city, Dolnoslaskie wojewodztwo (province), southwestern Poland. It lies along the Kaczawa River in the western lowlands of Silesia (Slask).
- Legnica, Battle of
- (from the article "Legnica") A 12th-century Silesian stronghold, Legnica became the capital of an autonomous principality in 1248. At the Battle of Liegnitz, or Legnica, on April 15, 1241, the Mongols defeated a Polish ...
- legong
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") ...two performers wearing god masks and holding peacock feathers in both hands perform an offertory dance to the god before the main dance-play begins. The Balinese legong, ...
- Legrand, Michel
- (from the article "1983: Other Winners") ...for Fanny & AlexanderArt Direction: Anna Asp for Fanny & AlexanderOriginal Score: Bill Conti for The Right StuffBest Adaptation Score: Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, Michel Legrand for YentlOriginal Song: "Flashdance...What ...
- Legrenzi, Giovanni
- Italian composer, one of the greatest of the Venetian Baroque. His trio sonatas are among the best chamber music of the period before Arcangelo Corelli.
- Legros, Alphonse
- French-born British painter, etcher, and sculptor, now remembered chiefly for his graphics on macabre and fantastic themes. An excellent draftsman, he taught in London, revitalizing British drawing and printmaking during ...
- Leguia y Salcedo, Augusto Bernardino
- businessman and politician who, during the first of his two terms as president of Peru (1908-12; 1919-30), settled the country's age-old boundary disputes with Bolivia and Brazil. [3 Related Articles]
- Legum, Colin
- South African-born journalist (b. Jan. 3, 1919, Kestell, Orange Free State, S.Af.-d. June 8, 2003, Cape Town, S.Af.), was one of the West's most respected African affairs analysts. Legum left ...
- legume
- fruit of plants of the order Fabales (q.v.), consisting of the single family Leguminosae, or Fabaceae (peas, beans, vetch, and so on). The dry fruit releases its seeds by splitting ... [10 Related Articles]
- Leh
- town, eastern Jammu and Kashmir state, India, in the Kashmir region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The town is located in the remote valley of the upper ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lehar, Franz
- Hungarian composer of operettas who achieved worldwide success with Die lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow). [1 Related Articles]
- Lehe
- (from the article "Bremerhaven") ...separate towns: Bremerhaven, founded (1827) as a port for Bremen by its burgomaster, Johann Smidt, on territory ceded by Hanover; Geestemunde, founded by Hanover in competition in 1845; and Lehe, ...
- Lehi
- city, Utah county, northern Utah, U.S. First called Evansville and then Dry Creek, upon its incorporation the city was renamed Lehi, after a patriarch in the Book of Mormon. Located ...
- Lehigh
- county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S., consisting of a hilly region in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley physiographic province bordered by the Lehigh River to the east and Blue Mountain to the ...
- Lehigh canal
- (from the article "Allentown") Construction of a bridge (1812) across the Lehigh and opening of the Lehigh Canal (1829) brought new economic opportunities to the town; an iron industry was started in 1847, a ...
- Lehigh River
- (from the article "Allentown") city, seat (1812) of Lehigh county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S. Situated on the Lehigh River, Allentown, with Bethlehem and Easton, forms an industrial complex. William Allen, mayor of Philadelphia and later ...
- Lehigh University
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S. The university includes colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business and Economics, Education, and Engineering and Applied Science. In addition to ...
- Lehigh Valley Railroad Company
- American railroad whose growth was based on hauling coal from the anthracite mines of northeastern Pennsylvania. Originally founded in 1846 as the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, and Susquehanna Railroad Company, it ...
- Lehighton
- (from the article "Carbon") Lehighton was laid out on the site of Gnadenhutten, a Moravian settlement dating from 1746 that was destroyed during the French and Indian War. Anthracite coal was discovered in the ...
- Lehman Aggregate bond index
- (from the article "Economic Affairs") ...both prices and effective yields to end the year almost unchanged in dollar terms. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note ended the year at 4.22%, slightly below 2003 ...
- Lehman Brothers
- (from the article "Offshoring") ...unlikely that the practice would fade any time soon. Offshoring's future was not entirely assured, however, and not every business was enamoured of the practice. Companies such as Capital One ...
- Lehman Caves
- large, spectacular cavern at Great Basin National Park in eastern Nevada, U.S. The cave lies 5 miles (8 km) west of Baker at the base of the eastern slope of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lehman, Clarence
- (from the article "Biofuels-The Next Great Source of Energy?") A boom in the production of biofuel was under way in 2007, especially in the United States, where in January about 75 refineries for producing the biofuel ethanol from corn ...
- Lehman, Ernest
- American screenwriter and film producer (b. Dec. 8, 1915, New York, N.Y.-d. July 2, 2005, Los Angeles, Calif.), wrote screenplays for some of the most enduring Hollywood films of the ...
- Lehmann, Caspar
- (from the article "Bohemian glass") decorative glass made in Bohemia and Silesia from the 13th century. Especially notable is the cut and engraved glass in high Baroque style made from 1685 to 1750. Early in ...
- Lehmann, Henri
- (from the article "Seurat, Georges") ...attending school, Georges began to draw, and, beginning in 1875, he took a course from a sculptor, Justin Lequien. He officially entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1878, in the ...
- Lehmann, Inge
- (from the article "earthquake") The discovery of the existence of an inner core in 1936 by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann made it necessary to introduce additional basic symbols. For paths of waves inside ...
- Lehmann, Johann Gottlob
- German geologist who contributed to the development of stratigraphy, the scientific study of order and sequence in bedded sedimentary rocks. [1 Related Articles]
- Lehmann, John
- English poet, editor, publisher, and man of letters whose book-periodical New Writing and its successors were an important influence on English literature from the mid-1930s through the 1940s. [1 Related Articles]
- Lehmann, Lilli
- German operatic soprano and lieder singer, known especially for her performances as Isolde in Richard Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde.
- Lehmann, Lotte
- German lyric-dramatic soprano, particularly renowned for her performances of the songs of Robert Schumann and in the roles of Leonore in Ludwig van Beethoven's opera Fidelio and of the Marschallin ...
- Lehmann, Orla
- political reformer who successfully advocated parliamentary government in 19th-century Denmark.
- Lehmann, Otto
- (from the article "liquid crystal") During the last decades of the 19th century, pioneering investigators of liquid crystals, such as the German physicist Otto Lehmann and the Austrian botanist Friedrich Reinitzer, equipped ordinary microscopes with ...
- Lehmann, Rosamond Nina
- English novelist noted for her sensitive portrayals of girls on the threshold of adult life. An accomplished stylist, she was adept at capturing nuances of moods. She was the sister ...
- Lehmann, Walter
- (from the article "Mesoamerican Indian languages") The Tlapanec complex was first correctly identified by Walter Lehmann, a German physician, in 1920. In 1925 Edward Sapir tried to establish Subtiaba as a Hokan language, proposing some Proto-Hokan ...
- Lehmbruck, Wilhelm
- German sculptor, printmaker, and painter best known for his melancholy sculptures of elongated nudes. [1 Related Articles]
- Lehn, Jean-Marie
- French chemist who, together with Charles J. Pedersen and Donald J. Cram, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 for his contribution to the laboratory synthesis of molecules ...
- Lehr, Thomas
- (from the article "German literature") ...daughter, Helga, and a sound technician who had worked for Goebbels. Long after the children's deaths, the technician begins to recognize his own role in their murders at the hands ...
- Lehrstuck
- a form of drama that is specifically didactic in purpose and that is meant to be performed outside the orthodox theatre. Such plays were associated particularly with the epic theatre ...
- Lehto, J. J.
- (from the article "Automobile Racing") On June 19 Tom Kristensen of Denmark, sharing an Audi R8 with co-drivers J.J. Lehto and Marco Werner, captured the 24-hour Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance. It was a record ...
- Lehtonen, Joel
- Finnish novelist in the naturalistic tradition of Emile Zola and Maksim Gorky.
- Lehzen, Louise
- (from the article "Victoria") ...at Kensington Palace, where her closest companions, other than her German-born mother, the Duchess of Kent, were her half sister, Feodore, and her governess, Louise (afterward the Baroness) Lehzen, a ...
- lei
- a garland or necklace of flowers given in Hawaii as a token of welcome or farewell. Leis are most commonly made of carnations, kika blossoms, ginger blossoms, jasmine blossoms, or ...
- Lei Kung
- ("Thunder God"), Chinese Taoist deity who, when so ordered by heaven, punishes both earthly mortals guilty of secret crimes and evil spirits who have used their knowledge of Taoism to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lei-ku-tun
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") Bronze bells are exemplified by an orchestral set of 64 bells, probably produced in Ch'u and unearthed in 1978 from a royal tomb of the Tseng state, at Lei-ku-tun near ...
- Lei-kung Shan, Battle of
- (from the article "Kweichow") ...the Miao, and the Han. Rebellions and suppressions were so common that there was a saying, "a riot every 30 years and a major rebellion every 60 years." In 1726 ...
- lei-wen
- (from the article "pottery") ...were not used in pottery decoration before the Ming dynasty, although both the dragon and a phoenix-like creature (probably the Chinese pheasant), as well as some floral motifs, are earlier. ...
- Leib, Mani
- (from the article "Yiddish literature") A leading figure in Di Yunge was Mani Leib (not known by his surname, which was Brahinsky), who immigrated to the United States in 1905 and became a shoemaker. He ...
- Leiber and Stoller
- American songwriters and record producers. Jerry Leiber (in full Jerome Leiber; b. April 25, 1933, Baltimore, Md., U.S., ) and Mike Stoller (in full Michael Stoller; b. March 13, 1933, ...
- Leiber, Fritz
- American writer noted for his stories of innovation in sword-and-sorcery, contemporary horror, and satiric science fiction.
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