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Lincoln ... Linnaeus, Carolus

Lincoln: county, southeastern Nevada, U.S., bordering on Utah and Arizona and sited immediately north of Clark county (and the city of Las Vegas). A region of mountains (including the Pahroc, Groom, ...
Lincoln: county, southern Maine, U.S. It is located in a coastal region bounded on the south by Sheepscot and Muscongus bays and includes several islands in the Atlantic Ocean; the coastline ...
Lincoln: county, south central New Mexico, U.S. It is a rugged region in the Basin and Range Province, with green hills and large plains surrounding and separating high mountain ranges. The ...
Lincoln Memorial: stately monument in Washington, D.C., honouring Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, and "the virtues of tolerance, honesty, and constancy in the human spirit." Designed by Henry ...
Lincoln Park Zoo: zoo located in the city of Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It is noted for its excellent collection of great apes living together in family groups and its successful gorilla breeding program. ...
Lincoln Tunnel: vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River, from Manhattan Island (39th Street), New York City, to Weehawken, N.J. It is 8,200 feet (2,500 metres) long and lies about 100 ft below ...
Lincoln University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Jefferson City, Mo., U.S. A historically black institution, Lincoln University (now integrated) offers associate's, bachelor's, and master's degrees through colleges of agriculture, applied ...
Lincoln, Abraham: 16th president of the United States (1861-65), who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of the slaves. (For a discussion of the history ...
Lincoln, Benjamin: Continental army officer in the American Revolution who rendered distinguished service in the northern campaigns early in the war, but was forced to surrender with about 7,000 troops at Charleston, ...
Lincoln, Mary Todd: American first lady (1861-65), the wife of Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States. Happy and energetic in her youth, she suffered subsequent ill health and personal tragedies and ...
Lincoln, Robert Todd: eldest and sole surviving child of Abraham Lincoln who became a millionaire corporation attorney and served as U.S. secretary of war and minister to Great Britain during Republican administrations.
Lincoln-Douglas debates: series of seven debates between Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas and Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign, largely concerning the issue of slavery extension into the ...
Lincolnshire: administrative, geographic, and historic county in eastern England, extending along the North Sea coast from the Humber estuary to the Wash. The administrative, geographic, and historic counties cover slightly different ...
Lind, James: physician, "founder of naval hygiene in England," whose recommendation that fresh citrus fruit and lemon juice be included in the diet of seamen resulted in the eradication of scurvy from ...
Lind, Jenny: Swedish-born operatic and oratorio soprano admired for her vocal control and agility and for the purity and naturalness of her art.
Lindahl, Erik Robert: Swedish economist who was one of the members of the Stockholm school of economics that developed during the late 1920s and early '30s from the macroeconomic theory of Knut Wicksell.
Lindane: trade name for an insecticide composed of the most toxic of the isomers of benzene hexachloride (q.v.).
Lindau: city, Bavaria Land (state), extreme southern Germany. It lies on an island in Lake Constance (Bodensee), connected to the mainland by two bridges, southeast of Friedrichshafen. It ...
Lindbergh, Charles A.: American aviator, one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic, from New York to Paris, on May 20-21, 1927.
Lindblad, Bertil: Swedish astronomer who contributed greatly to the theory of galactic structure and motion and to the methods of determining the absolute magnitude (true brightness, disregarding distance) of distant stars.
Linde, Carl von: German engineer whose invention of a continuous process of liquefying gases in large quantities formed a basis for the modern technology of refrigeration and provided both impetus and means for ...
Lindegren, Erik: Swedish modernist poet who made a major contribution to the development of a new Swedish poetry in the 1940s.
Lindeman Island: island in the Cumberland Islands, across Whitsunday Passage from northeastern Queensland, Australia. A rocky, coral-fringed continental island of the Great Barrier Reef, it has an area of 6 square miles ...
Lindemann, Ferdinand von: German mathematician who is mainly remembered for having proved that the number pi is transcendental-i.e., it does not satisfy any algebraic equation with rational coefficients. This proof established that the ...
linden: any of several trees of the genus Tilia (family Tiliaceae), native to the Northern Hemisphere. Of the approximately 30 species, a few are outstanding as ornamental and shade trees. They ...
Linden: city, northeastern Guyana, on the Demerara River upstream from Georgetown. The former towns of Mackenzie, Wismar, and Christianborg, which were unified as Linden (1971), grew up around the large mining ...
Lindenthal, Gustav: Austrian-born American civil engineer known for designing Hell Gate Bridge across New York City's East River.
Lindet, Jean-Baptiste-Robert: member of the Committee of Public Safety that ruled Revolutionary France during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship (1793-94). He organized the provisioning of France's armies and had charge of ...
Lindgren, Astrid: influential Swedish writer of children's books.
Lindgren, Waldemar: Swedish-born American economic geologist who helped establish that veins of metal and similar deposits are created by hot solutions derived from molten rock below, not by water seepage from above.
Lindisfarne Gospels: manuscript (MS. Cotton Nero D.IV.; British Museum, London) illuminated in the late 7th or 8th century in the Hiberno-Saxon style. The book was probably made for Eadfrith, the bishop of ...
Lindley, John: British botanist whose attempts to formulate a natural system of plant classification greatly aided the transition from the artificial (considering the characters of single parts) to the natural system (considering ...
Lindley, William: British civil engineer who helped renovate the German city of Hamburg after a major fire.
Lindos: town on the eastern coast of Rhodes and the site of one of the three city-states of Rhodes before their union (408 BC). Lindos was the site of Danish excavations ...
Lindsay: town, seat (1861) of Victoria county, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies along the Scugog River, 21 miles (34 km) west-northwest of Peterborough. Laid out in 1825 as Purdy's Mills (after ...
Lindsay, Howard; and Crouse, Russel: team of American playwrights and producers who coauthored an unbroken string of humorous, successful plays and collaborated on theatrical productions. Their partnership was notable both for its continual successes and ...
Lindsay, Norman: Australian artist and novelist especially known for his political cartoons and sensual book illustrations.
Lindsay, Vachel: American poet who-in an attempt to revive poetry as an oral art form of the common people-wrote and read to audiences compositions with powerful rhythms that had an immediate appeal.
Lindsey: an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, probably coterminous with the modern districts of East Lindsey and West Lindsey, in Lincolnshire. It was an area of early settlement by the Angles and was ruled ...
Lindsey, Ben B.: American judge, international authority on juvenile delinquency, and reformer of legal procedures concerning offenses by youths and domestic-relations problems. His controversial advocacy of "companionate marriage" was sometimes confused with the ...
Lindsey, Parts of: formerly one of three administrative divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire, England, and approximately coterminous with the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Lindsey. It now forms the unitary authorities of North ...
line broadening: in spectroscopy, the spreading across a greater wavelength, or frequency range, of absorption lines (dark) or emission lines (bright) in the radiation received from some object. The broadening is partly ...
line integral: in mathematics, integral of a function of several variables, defined on a line or curve C with respect to arc length s:
Line Islands: chain of coral atolls in the central Pacific Ocean, some of which belong to the Republic of Kiribati and some of which are claimed as unincorporated territories belonging to the ...
line-and-wash drawing: in the visual arts, a drawing marked out by pen or some similar instrument and then tinted with diluted ink or watercolour. In 13th-century China, artists used transparent ink washes ...
lineage: descent group reckoned through only one parent, either paternal (patrilineage) or maternal (matrilineage). All members of such a group trace their common ancestry to a single person. A lineage is ...
Linear A and Linear B: linear forms of writing used by certain Aegean civilizations during the 2nd millennium BC.
linear accelerator: type of particle accelerator (q.v.) that imparts a series of relatively small increases in energy to subatomic particles as they pass through a sequence of alternating electric fields set up ...
linear equation: statement that a first-degree polynomial-that is, the sum of a set of terms, each of which is the product of a constant and the first power of a variable-is equal ...
linear motor: power source providing electric traction in a straight line, rather than rotary, as in a conventional motor; it is useful in such applications as high-speed ground transportation. In one form ...
linear programming: mathematical modeling technique useful for guiding quantitative decisions in business planning, industrial engineering, and-to a lesser extent-in the social and physical sciences.
ling: (Molva molva), in zoology, commercially valuable marine fish of the cod family (Gadidae), found in deep northern waters near Iceland, the British Isles, and Scandinavia. The ling is a slim, ...
Ling Canal: canal in northern Chuang autonomous ch'u (region) of Kwangsi, China. Ling Canal was constructed to connect the headwaters of the Hsiang River flowing north into Hunan sheng (province), with the ...
linga: (Sanskrit: "sign," "distinguishing symbol"), in Hinduism, the phallus, symbol of the god Siva, worshipped as an emblem of generative power. The linga is the main object of worship in Saivite ...
Lingayat: member of a Hindu sect with a wide following in South India that worships Siva as the only deity. The followers take their name ("linga-wearers") from the small representations of ...
Lingayen Gulf: large inlet of the South China Sea that indents the western coast of central Luzon, Philippines, for 36 mi (56 km). It is 26 mi wide at its entrance between ...
lingcod: (Ophiodon elongatus), commercially popular species of fish in the family Hexagrammidae (order Scorpaeniformes). A voracious predator, the lingcod has a large mouth and canine-like teeth for eating fishes and other ...
Linggadjati Agreement: (drafted Nov. 15, 1946), treaty between the Dutch and the Republic of Indonesia, concluded on Linggadjati hill near Cheribon (modern Cirebon, formerly Tjirebon, western Java). Soon after the capitulation of ...
linglong ware: Chinese porcelain made in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911/12) dynasties and characterized by pierced ornamentation. Linglong ware was generally limited to small objects such as cups, ...
Lingones: Celtic tribe that originally lived in Gaul in the area of the Seine and Marne rivers. Some of the Lingones migrated across the Alps and settled near the mouth of ...
lingua franca: auxiliary or compromise language used between groups having no other language in common. Examples are English and French for diplomatic purposes, Swahili in eastern Africa, Hindi and English in India, ...
lingua-geral: lingua franca developed in Brazil under Portuguese influence in the 16th and 17th centuries as a medium of communication between Europeans and Indians and between Indians of different languages. Lingua-geral ...
Linguet, Simon-Nicolas-Henri: French journalist and lawyer whose delight in taking views opposing everyone else's earned him exiles, imprisonment, and finally the guillotine.
linguistics: the scientific study of language. The word was first used in the middle of the 19th century to emphasize the difference between a newer approach to the study of language ...
lingulid: any member of a group of brachiopods, or lamp shells, that includes very ancient extinct forms as well as surviving representatives. First known from Cambrian rocks (about 500,000,000 to 570,000,000 ...
Link Trainer: airplane cockpit replicated, with full instruments and controls, in such a way that it can be used in a ground location for pilot training. The cockpit responds to the controls ...
linkage: in mechanical engineering, a system of solid, usually metallic, links (bars) connected to two or more other links by pin joints (hinges), sliding joints, or ball-and-socket joints so as to ...
linkage group: in genetics, all of the genes on a single chromosome. They are inherited as a group; that is, during cell division they act and move as a unit rather than ...
linkage isomerism: the existence of coordination compounds having the same atomic composition but differing in the attachment to the central atom of a ligand group; certain such groups, called ambident ligands, contain ...
Linked Ring: association of English photographers formed in 1892 that was one of the first groups to promote the notion of photography as fine art. Henry Peach Robinson was notable among the ...
Linklater, Eric: British novelist, poet, and historical writer noted for his satiric wit.
Linkoping: city and capital of Ostergotland lan (county), southeastern Sweden, on the Stang River near its outflow into Rox Lake. The site has been settled since the Bronze Age. During the ...
Linlithgow: royal burgh (town), West Lothian council area and historic county, southeastern Scotland. It contains one of Scotland's four royal palaces, which now stands roofless. The building of the palace was ...
Linlithgow, Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of, Earl Of Hopetoun, Viscount Of Aithrie, Lord Hope, Baron Hopetoun Of Hopetoun, Baron Niddry Of Niddry: British statesman and longest serving viceroy of India (1936-43) who suppressed opposition to British presence there during World War II. He succeeded to the marquessate in 1908.
linnaeite: a cobalt sulfide mineral (Co₃S₄) or any member of a series of similar substances with the general formula (Co,Ni)₂(Co, Ni, Fe, Cu)S₄. The other known members of the series are ...
Linnaeus, Carolus: Swedish botanist and explorer who was the first to frame principles for defining genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them.