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Liberec ... Lietzmann, Hans

Liberec: city, Severocesky kraj (region), northern Czech Republic. It lies in the valley of the Luzicka Nisa (German: Lausitzer Neisse) River amid the Giant (Krkonose) Mountains. Founded in the 13th century ...
Liberia: republic of western Africa. It has an area of about 38,250 square miles (99,067 square kilometres). Liberia is bounded by Sierra Leone to the northwest, Guinea to the north, Cote ...
Liberia: city, northwestern Costa Rica. It lies along the Liberia River, a tributary of the Tempisque, at the foot of the Cordillera de Guanacaste. Liberia is a commercial centre for the ...
Liberius: pope from 352 to 366. He was elected on May 17, 352, to succeed Pope St. Julius I.
Libertarian Party: U.S. political party devoted to the principles of libertarianism. It supports the rights of individuals to exercise virtual sole authority over their lives and sets itself against the traditional services ...
libertarianism: political philosophy that takes individual liberty to be the primary political value. It may be understood as a form of liberalism, the political philosophy associated with the English philosophers John ...
Liberty Bell: large bell, a traditional symbol of U.S. freedom, commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House (renamed Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. It was ...
Liberty Island: island, off the southern tip of Manhattan Island, New York, New York, U.S., in Upper New York Bay. It has an area of about 12 acres (5 hectares) and is ...
Liberty Party: U.S. political party (1840-48) created by abolitionists who believed in political action to further antislavery goals. In opposition to William Lloyd Garrison and his followers (who scorned political activity as ...
Liberty, Sons of: organizations formed in the American colonies in the summer of 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act. They took their name from a speech given in the British Parliament by Isaac ...
Liberty, Statue of: colossal statue on Liberty Island in the Upper New York Bay, U.S., commemorating the friendship of the peoples of the United States and France. Standing 305 feet (93 metres) high ...
Libertyville: village, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. Lying on the Des Plaines River, it is a suburb of Chicago, located 35 miles (55 km) north of downtown. It was first settled ...
liberum veto: in Polish history, the legal right of each member of the Sejm (legislature) to defeat by his vote alone any measure under consideration or to dissolve the Sejm and nullify ...
Libeskind, Daniel: Polish American architect known for introducing complex ideas and emotions into his designs.
libido: concept originated by Sigmund Freud to signify the instinctual physiological or psychic energy associated with sexual urges and, in his later writings, with all constructive human activity. In the latter ...
Libitina: in Roman religion, goddess of funerals. At her sanctuary in a sacred grove (perhaps on the Esquiline Hill), a piece of money was deposited whenever a death occurred. There the ...
Libourne: town, Gironde departement, Aquitaine region, southwestern France. Libourne lies northeast of Bordeaux, at the confluence of the Isle and Dordogne rivers. It is a port for ocean-going vessels and is ...
libra: the basic Roman unit of weight; after 268 BC it was about 5,076 English grains or equal to 0.722 pounds avoirdupois (0.329 kg). This pound was brought to Britain and ...
Libra: (Latin: "Balance"), in astronomy, zodiacal constellation lying between Scorpius and Virgo, at about 15 hours 30 minutes right ascension (the coordinate on the celestial sphere analogous to longitude on the ...
library: traditionally, collection of books used for reading or study, or the building or room in which such a collection is kept. The word derives from the Latin
library classification: system of arrangement adopted by a library to enable patrons to find its materials quickly and easily. While cataloging provides information on the physical and topical nature of the book ...
Library of Congress Classification: system of library organization developed during the reorganization of the U.S. Library of Congress. It consists of separate, mutually exclusive, special classifications, often having no connection save the accidental one ...
library science: the principles and practices of library operation and administration, and their study. Libraries have existed since ancient times, but only in the second half of the 19th century did library ...
libration: in astronomy, an oscillation, apparent or real, of a satellite, such as the Moon, the surface of which may as a consequence be seen from different angles at different times ...
libretto: text of an opera, operetta, or other kind of musical theatre. It is also used, less commonly, of a musical work not intended for the stage. A libretto may be ...
Libreville: city and capital of Gabon, located on the north shore of the Gabon Estuary, which empties into the Gulf of Guinea. It is built on a succession of hills overlooking ...
Libya: country of North Africa. It is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the north, Egypt on the east, The Sudan on the southeast, Niger and Chad on the south, and ...
Libyan Desert: northeastern portion of the Sahara, extending from eastern Libya through southwestern Egypt into the extreme northwest of The Sudan. The desert's bare rocky plateaus and stony or sandy plains are ...
Licata: town and Mediterranean port, southern Sicily, Italy, situated at the mouth of the Salso River (ancient Himera Meridionalis), northwest of Ragusa. It lies at the foot of the promontory of ...
Licchavi: a people who settled (6th-5th century BC) on the north bank of the Ganges River in modern Bihar state, India, with its capital city at Vaisali. The Licchavis were renowned ...
license: in property law, permission to enter or use the property of another. There are three categories of license: bare licenses, contractual licenses, and licenses coupled with an interest. A bare ...
lichen: any of about 15,000 species of thallophytic plants that consist of a symbiotic association of algae (usually green) and fungi (mostly Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes).
Lichfield: city and district, administrative and historic county of Staffordshire, England, located on the northern margin of both the West Midlands plateau and the metropolitan complex centred on Birmingham.
Lichtenberg: until 1990 a Stadtbezirk (urban district) of East Berlin, German Democratic Republic. A distinct town dating from before the 1280s, it underwent rapid industrial growth between the Franco-German War of ...
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph: German physicist and satirical writer, best known for his ridicule of metaphysical and romantic excesses.
Lichtenstein, Roy: American painter who was a founder and foremost practitioner of Pop art, a movement that countered the techniques and concepts of Abstract Expressionism with images and techniques taken from popular ...
Licinius: Roman emperor from 308 to 324.
Lick Observatory: astronomical observatory located about 21 km (13 miles) east of San Jose, California, U.S., atop Mount Hamilton. It was the first major mountaintop observatory built in the United States and ...
Licking River: river, rising in Magoffin county, east Kentucky, U.S., and flowing about 320 miles (515 km) generally northwest to enter the Ohio River at Covington, Kentucky, opposite Cincinnati, Ohio. It is ...
licorice: perennial herb of the Fabaceae family, and the flavouring, confection, and medicine made from its roots, similar in their sweet, slightly bitter flavour to anise. The Greek name glykyrrhiza, of ...
lictor: member of an ancient Roman class of magisterial attendants, probably Etruscan in origin and dating in Rome from the regal period. Lictors carried the fasces (q.v.) for their magistrate and ...
Lida: city and centre of Lida rayon (sector), Hrodno oblast (province), Belarus. Lida emerged in the 13th century as a fortified point of the Lithuanian duke Gediminas on the border between ...
Liddell Hart, Sir Basil: British military historian and strategist known for his advocacy of mechanized warfare.
Liddell, Eric: British runner who won a gold medal in the 400-metre run and a bronze in the 200 metres at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris.
Liddell, Henry George: British lexicographer and co-editor of the standard Greek-English Lexicon (1843; 8th ed., 1897; revised by H.S. Jones and others, 1940; abridged, 1957; intermediate, 1959). In 1834 he and a fellow ...
Liddesdale: valley of the Liddel Water, southern Scotland, extending more than 20 miles (32 km) southwest from Peel Fell to the River Esk, which flows into the head of the Solway ...
Liddon, Henry Parry: Anglican priest, theologian, close friend and biographer of the Oxford movement leader Edward Bouverie Pusey, and a major advocate of the movement's principles, which included an elaborated liturgy, a recovery ...
Lidice: village, Czech Republic, just northwest of Prague. Before World War II it was a mining settlement of the Kladno coal basin and had a population of about 450. On June ...
Lidkoping: town, Vastra Gotaland lan (county), southwestern Sweden, at the mouth of the Lidan River on Kinneviken Bay, Lake Vanern. It is of medieval origin and was chartered in 1446. After ...
Lidman, Sara: novelist, one of the most acclaimed and widely read of the post-World War II generation of Swedish writers.
Lidner, Bengt: Swedish dramatic and epic poet of early Romanticism, noted for his choice of spectacular subjects.
lidocaine: synthetic organic compound used in medicine, usually in the form of its hydrochloride salt, as a local anesthetic. Lidocaine produces prompter, more intense, and longer lasting anesthesia than does procaine ...
lie detector: instrument for recording physiological phenomena such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration of a human subject as he answers questions put to him by an operator; these data are ...
Lie, Jonas: novelist whose goal was to reflect in his writings the nature, the folk life, and the social spirit of his native Norway. He is considered one of "the four great ...
Lie, Sophus: Norwegian mathematician who founded the theory of continuous groups and their applications to the theory of differential equations. His investigations led to one of the major branches of 20th-century mathematics, ...
Lie, Trygve: Norwegian politician and diplomat, the first secretary general of the United Nations (1946-52), who resigned largely because of the Soviet Union's resentment of his support of UN military intervention in ...
Lieber, Francis: German-born U.S. political philosopher and jurist, best known for formulating the "laws of war." His Code for the Government of Armies in the Field (1863) subsequently served as a basis ...
Liebermann, Max: painter and printmaker who is known for his naturalistic studies of the life and labour of the poor. He was also the foremost proponent of Impressionism in Germany.
Liebig, Justus, Freiherr von: German chemist who made significant contributions to the analysis of organic compounds, the organization of laboratory-based chemistry education, and the application of chemistry to biology (biochemistry) and agriculture.
Liebknecht, Karl: German Social Democrat, who, with Rosa Luxemburg and other radicals, founded the Spartakusbund (Spartacus League), a Berlin underground group that became the Communist Party of Germany, dedicated to a socialist ...
Liebknecht, Wilhelm: German socialist, close associate of Karl Marx, and later cofounder of the German Social Democratic Party.
Liechtenstein: small European principality, less than 62 square miles (160 square km) in area, located between Switzerland and Austria. Its capital is Vaduz.
lied: any of a number of particular types of German song, as they are referred to in English and French writings. The earliest so-called lieder date from the 12th and 13th ...
liege: (probably from German ledig, "empty" or "free"), in European feudal society, an unconditional bond between a man and his overlord. Thus, if a tenant held estates of various overlords, his ...
Liege: capital of Liege province, eastern Belgium, on the Meuse River at its confluence with the Ourthe. (The grave accent in Liege was officially approved over the acute in 1946.) The ...
Liege, State University of: state-financed, partially autonomous coeducational French-language institution of higher learning in Liege, Belg., founded in 1816 under King William I of The Netherlands. Following Belgian independence (1831), the university was designated ...
lien: in property law, claim or charge upon property securing the payment of some debt or the satisfaction of some obligation or duty. Although the term is of French derivation, the ...
Lien-yun-kang: city and seaport in northern Kiangsu sheng (province), China. The city is situated near the mouth of the Ch'ang-wei River and at the northern end of a network of canals ...
Lienz: town, Bundesland (federal state) Tirol, southern Austria, on the Drava (Drau) and Isel rivers at the northern end of the rugged Lienzer Dolomiten. The ruined Aguntum, which is situated immediately ...
Liepa, Maris-Rudolf Eduardovich: Soviet ballet dancer who performed with the Bolshoi Ballet for more than 20 years.
Liepaja: city and port, Latvia, on the west (Baltic Sea) coast at the northern end of Lake Liepaja. First recorded in 1253, when it was a small Kurish settlement, Liepaja was ...
Lier: commune, Antwerp province, northern Belgium, at the junction of the Great and Little Nete rivers, southeast of Antwerp. Probably settled in the 8th century, it developed around the Chapel of ...
Liesegang ring: in physical chemistry, any of a series of usually concentric bands of a precipitate (an insoluble substance formed from a solution) appearing in gels (coagulated colloid solutions). The bands strikingly ...
Liestal: capital (since 1833) of the half canton of Basel-Landschaft (Bale-Campagne), northern Switzerland. It lies along the Ergolz River, southeast of Basel. First mentioned as a village in 1189, it passed ...
Lietz, Hermann: German educational reformer.
Lietzmann, Hans: German scholar and Lutheran church historian noted for his investigations of Christian origins.