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Lhotse ... Liberator, The

Lhotse: one of the world's highest mountains (27,890 feet [8,501] m]), consisting of three Himalayan summits on the Nepalese-Tibetan (Chinese) border just south of Mount Everest, to which it is joined ...
li: Confucian concept often rendered as "proper conduct," or "propriety." Originally li denoted magic rites performed to sustain social and cosmic order. Confucians, however, reinterpreted it to mean formal social patterns ...
li: Chinese bronze, wide-mouthed cooking vessel that was supported by three legs shaped like pointed lobes. These legs were well articulated on the body of the vessel and formed an extension ...
Li: indigenous people of Hainan Island, off the southern coast of China, and an official minority of China. The official name Li is applied to a number of different local groups, ...
Li Ao: Chinese scholar, poet, and official who helped reestablish Confucianism at a time when it was being severely challenged by Buddhism and Daoism. Li helped lay the groundwork for the later ...
Li Bai: Chinese poet who rivaled Du Fu for the title of China's greatest poet.
Li Chi: archaeologist chiefly responsible for establishing the historical authenticity of the semilegendary Shang dynasty of China. The exact dates are in dispute, but, traditionally, the period of the Shang dynasty is ...
Li Chunfeng: Chinese mathematician and astronomer.
Li Dazhao: cofounder of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and mentor of Mao Zedong.
Li Gonglin: one of the most lavishly praised Chinese connoisseurs and painters in a circle of scholar-officials during the Northern Song period.
Li He: brilliant Chinese poet who showed great promise until his untimely death at age 26.
Li Hsiu-ch'eng: Chinese general and leader of the Taiping Rebellion, the giant religious-political uprising that occupied most of South China between 1850 and 1864. After 1859, when the Taipings were beset by ...
Li Hung-chang: leading Chinese statesman of the 19th century who made strenuous efforts to modernize his country. In 1870 he began a 25-year term as governor-general of the capital province, Chihli, during ...
Li K'o-yung: T'ang general of Turkish origin who suppressed the great peasant rebellion of Huang Ch'ao (d. 884), which threatened the T'ang dynasty (618-907) in its last years. Afterward the empire was ...
Li Keran: painter and art educator who was a prominent figure in 20th-century Chinese art. He developed a personal style of landscape painting that was based upon the emulation of both ancient ...
Li Lisan: Wade-Giles romanization Li Li-san Chinese revolutionary who was Mao Zedong's chief rival for power within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1930.
Li Ning: Chinese gymnast and entrepreneur, who amassed six medals at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Later he founded Li-Ning Sports Goods, an athletic apparel and shoe company.
Li Peng: premier of China from 1988 to 1998.
Li Qingzhao: China's greatest woman poet, whose work, though it survives only in fragments, continues to be as highly regarded as it was in her own day.
Li Rui: Chinese mathematician and astronomer who made notable contributions to the revival of traditional Chinese mathematics and astronomy and to the development of the theory of equations.
Li Shangyin: Chinese poet remembered for his elegance and obscurity.
Li Shanlan: Chinese mathematician who was instrumental in combining Western mathematical and scientific knowledge and methods with traditional Chinese methods.
Li Shao-chun: noted Chinese Taoist who was responsible for much of the mystical content of popular Taoist thought. Li was not only the first known Taoist alchemist but also the first to ...
Li Shih-chen: Chinese scholar of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) who compiled a giant materia medica, the Pen-ts'ao kang-mu ("Great Pharmacopoeia"), which described more than 2,000 drugs and presented directions for preparing more ...
Li Sixun: Chinese painter who was later seen as the chief exponent of a decoratively coloured landscape style of the Tang dynasty and as the founder of the so-called Northern school of ...
Li Ssu: Chinese statesman who utilized the ruthless but efficient ideas of the political philosophy of Legalism to weld the warring Chinese states of his time into the first centralized Chinese empire, ...
Li T'ieh-kuai: in Chinese mythology, one of the Pa Hsien, the Eight Immortals. He was an ascetic for 40 years, often foregoing food and sleep, until Lao-tzu (also surnamed Li) agreed to ...
Li Tang: major Chinese painter who lived during both the Northern and the Southern Song dynasties and established a style of painting that became the base for the academy-style landscape of the ...
Li Tzu-ch'eng: Chinese rebel leader who dethroned Ch'ung-chen, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
Li Xiannian: Chinese politician, one of the eight "revolutionary elders" and a leftist hard-liner who opposed economic reform.
Li Ye: Chinese mathematician and scholar-official who contributed to the solution of polynomial equations in one variable.
Li Yu: Chinese poet and the last ruler of the Southern Tang dynasty (937-975).
Li Yuan-hao: leader of the Tangut tribes, a Tibetan people who inhabited the northwestern region of China in the area of modern Kansu Province. Li founded the Hsia dynasty (1038-1227), usually referred ...
Li Yuan-hung: the only president of the Republic of China at Peking who served for two terms.
Li Zhizao: Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and geographer whose translations of European scientific books greatly contributed to the spread of Western science in China.
li-chia: system of social organization in Ming China. See pao-chia.
Li-fan yuan: governmental bureau established in the 17th century by China's Ch'ing (Manchu) dynasty to handle relations with the peoples of Inner Asia. The first bureau of its kind in the history ...
liability: in law, a broad term including almost every type of duty, obligation, debt, responsibility, or hazard arising by way of contract, tort, or statute.
liability insurance: insurance against claims of loss or damage for which a policyholder might have to compensate another party. The policy covers losses resulting from acts or omissions which are legally deemed ...
liana: any long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil and climbs or twines around other plants. They are a conspicuous component of tropical forest ecosystems and represent one of ...
Liang Ch'i-ch'ao: the foremost intellectual leader of China in the first two decades of the 20th century.
Liang Chenyu: Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the Kun school (kunqu) of dramatic singing. When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, ...
Liang Kai: Chinese painter known primarily for paintings that reflect his interest in Chan (Japanese: Zen) Buddhism.
Liang Shiqiu: writer, translator, and literary critic known for his devastating critique of modern romantic Chinese literature and for his insistence on the aesthetic, rather than the propagandistic, purpose of literary expression.
Liang Shu-ming: Neo-Confucian philosopher and writer who attempted to demonstrate the relevance of Confucianism to China's problems in the 20th century. A believer in the unity of thought and action, Liang became ...
Liao Dynasty: (907-1125), dynasty formed by the nomadic Khitan tribes in much of present-day Manchuria (Northeast Provinces) and Mongolia and the northeastern corner of China proper. Adopting the Chinese dynastic name of ...
Liao River: river in the southern Northeast (Manchuria) region in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolian autonomous region, China. The Liao River system drains the southern part of the Liao and Sungari plains ...
Liao-yang: city in central Liaoning sheng (province), China. Liao-yang is situated on the T'ai-tzu River, some 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Shen-yang (Mukden), and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of ...
Liao-yuan: city, southwestern Kirin sheng (province), China. Liao-yuan is on the north bank of the upper Tung-liao River, about 60 miles (100 km) south of Ch'ang-ch'un. Standing on the border between ...
Liaoning: sheng (province) of the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). With an area of 56,300 square miles (145,700 square kilometres), Liaoning is bounded on the northeast ...
Liaotung Peninsula: large peninsula jutting out in a southwesterly direction from the southern coastline of Liaoning province, northeastern China. It partly separates the Po Hai (Gulf of Chihli) (west) from Korea Bay ...
Liapchev, Andrei: statesman, prime minister of Bulgaria through several years of continuing national tension (1926-31).
Liaquat Ali Khan: first prime minister of Pakistan.
liar paradox: the paradox that if "This sentence is not true" is true, then it is not true, and if it is not true, then it is true. This example shows that ...
Liard River: river in northwestern Canada. It rises in the Saint Cyr Range of the Pelly Mountains, Yukon Territory, and flows southeast into British Columbia, then northeast to join the Mackenzie River ...
Liatris: genus of perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae, containing approximately 30 species, native to North America. They have tall spikelike clusters of purple or pinkish purple flower heads that are ...
Libanius: Greek Sophist and rhetorician whose orations and letters are a major source of information on the political, social, and economic life of Antioch and of the eastern part of the ...
Libavius, Andreas: German chemist, physician, and alchemist who made important chemical discoveries but is most noted as the author of the first modern chemistry textbook.
Libby, Willard Frank: American chemist whose technique of carbon-14 (or radiocarbon) dating provided an extremely valuable tool for archaeologists, anthropologists, and earth scientists. For this development he was honoured with the Nobel Prize ...
Liber and Libera: in Roman religion, a pair of fertility and cultivation deities of uncertain origin. Liber, though an old and native Italian deity, came to be identified with Dionysus. The triad Ceres, ...
Liber Judiciorum: Visigothic law code that formed the basis of medieval Spanish law. It was promulgated in 654 by King Recceswinth and was revised in 681 and 693. Although called Visigothic, the ...
Liberal: city, seat (1892) of Seward county, southwestern Kansas, U.S. It lies near the Oklahoma border just north of the Oklahoma Panhandle. Founded in 1888, it was so-named because a local ...
liberal arts: college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. In the medieval European university the seven ...
Liberal Democrats: British political party founded in 1988 through a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, or SDP. In the middle ground between the dominant Labour Party and ...
Liberal Front Party: centre-right Brazilian political party that supports free-market policies.
Liberal Party: a minor U.S. political party in New York state, founded in May 1944 by leaders of the moderate wing of the American Labor Party in revolt against the alleged infiltration ...
Liberal Party: a British political party that emerged in the mid-19th century as the successor to the historic Whig Party. It was the major party in opposition to the Conservatives until 1918, ...
Liberal Party of Australia: one of the major Australian political parties. In its current form it was founded in 1944 by Robert Gordon Menzies.
Liberal Party of Canada: centrist Canadian political party, one of the major parties in the country since the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. The Liberal Party has been the governing party ...
Liberal Republican Party: insurgent reform wing of the U.S. Republican Party that challenged what it considered the corruption of President Ulysses S. Grant's administration by nominating a rival slate of candidates in the ...
Liberal-Democratic Party of Japan: Japan's largest political party, which has held power almost continuously since its formation in 1955. The party has generally worked closely with business interests and followed a pro-U.S. foreign policy. ...
Liberale Da Verona: early Renaissance artist, one of the finest Italian illuminators of his time.
liberalism: political doctrine that takes the abuse of power, and thus the freedom of the individual, as the central problem of government. For liberals, power is most importantly abused by governments, ...
liberation theology: in late 20th-century Roman Catholicism, a movement centred in Latin America that sought to apply religious faith by aiding the poor and oppressed through involvement in political and civic affairs. ...
Liberation, Union of: first major liberal political group in Russia. The Union was founded in St. Petersburg in January 1904 to be a covert organization working to replace absolutism with a constitutional monarchy. ...
Liberator, The: weekly newspaper of abolitionist crusader William Lloyd Garrison for 35 years (Jan. 1, 1831-Dec. 29, 1865). It was the most influential antislavery periodical in the pre-Civil War period of U.S. ...