| | - Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
- (from the article "dubnium") In 1970 a group of investigators at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley announced that they had synthesized isotope 260 of element 105, whereupon they ...
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- (from the article "laser") Extremely high temperatures and pressures are needed to force atomic nuclei to fuse together, releasing energy. In the 1960s physicists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California calculated that ...
- Lawrence of Brindisi, Saint
- doctor of the church and one of the leading polemicists of the Counter-Reformation in Germany. [1 Related Articles]
- Lawrence v. Texas
- (from the article "Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement") ...option should be limited, especially when applied to juvenile defendants. This was the second time in as many years that Kennedy had appealed to the global community. In the 2003 ...
- Lawrence, Abbott
- American merchant and philanthropist who was a major developer of the New England textile industry. He led in founding the town of Lawrence, Mass., named in his honour, and built ...
- Lawrence, Amos
- (from the article "Harding, Chester") ...and sophistication, his casual charm and candour made him a favourite in many fashionable circles. His best portraits, executed after his return to the United States in 1826, include his ...
- Lawrence, Carmen Mary
- When Carmen Lawrence joined the Australian Cabinet as minister of health on March 25, 1994, less than two weeks after she entered the federal Parliament, it seemed only a matter ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lawrence, D.H.
- English author of novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, and letters. His novels Sons and Lovers (1913), The Rainbow (1915), and Women in Love (1920) made him one ... [7 Related Articles]
- Lawrence, David
- (from the article "U.S. News & World Report") ...news magazine published in Washington, D.C., one of the most influential of its kind and the first to successfully imitate the general format pioneered by Time. It was established in ...
- Lawrence, Ernest Orlando
- American physicist, winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize for Physics for his invention of the cyclotron, the first particle accelerator to achieve high energies. [5 Related Articles]
- Lawrence, Gertrude
- English actress noted for her performances in Noel Coward's sophisticated comedies and in musicals.
- Lawrence, Jacob
- American painter whose works portray scenes of black life and history with vivid, stylized realism. [1 Related Articles]
- Lawrence, James
- U.S. naval officer of the War of 1812 whose dying words, "Don't give up the ship," became one of the U.S. Navy's most cherished traditions.
- Lawrence, Jerome
- American playwright and director (b. July 14, 1915, Cleveland, Ohio-d. Feb. 29, 2004, Malibu, Calif.), had a writing partnership with Robert E. Lee for about half a century, during which ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lawrence, John
- (from the article "India") ...to the Sikhs. There was little commercial exploitation of the state, and the Sikhs found employment in the army. Lord Dalhousie closely supervised the administration through a like-minded agent, Sir ...
- Lawrence, John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron
- British viceroy and governor-general of India whose institution in the Punjab of extensive economic, social, and political reforms earned him the sobriquet "Saviour of the Punjab."
- Lawrence, Mary Wells
- American businesswoman whose successful work in advertising was marked by creativity and humour.
- Lawrence, Sack of
- (from the article "Bleeding Kansas") ...the intervention of the Governor prevented violence in the Wakarusa War, launched in December 1855 over the murder of an antislavery settler. "Bleeding Kansas" became a fact with the Sack ...
- Lawrence, Saint
- one of the most venerated Roman martyrs, celebrated for his Christian valour.
- Lawrence, Sir Henry Montgomery
- English soldier and administrator who applied a keen sense of Indian politics in helping to consolidate British rule in the Punjab.
- Lawrence, Sir Thomas
- painter and draftsman who was the most fashionable English portrait painter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. [1 Related Articles]
- Lawrence, Stringer
- British army captain whose transformation of irregular troops into an effective fighting force earned him credit as the real founder of the Indian army under British rule.
- Lawrence, T E
- British archaeological scholar, military strategist, and author best known for his legendary war activities in the Middle East during World War I and for his account of those activities in ... [10 Related Articles]
- lawrencium
- (Lr), synthetic chemical element, the 14th member of the actinoid series of the periodic table, atomic number 103. Not occurring in nature, lawrencium (as the isotopes lawrencium-257, lawrencium-258, and lawrencium-259) ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lawrin
- (from the article "The Kentucky Derby") In 1914 Jones began breeding and training horses in the U.S. Midwest. In 1932, he joined the Woolford Farm, where he trained Lawrin, winner of the Kentucky Derby in 1938. ...
- Lawson cypress
- (from the article "false cypress") The largest species of false cypress, the Lawson cypress, Port Orford cedar, or ginger pine (C. lawsoniana), may be more than 60 metres (200 feet) tall and 6 metres (about ...
- Lawson, Ernest
- (from the article "Eight, The") ...in 1908, but who established one of the main currents in 20th-century American painting. The original Eight included Robert Henri, leader of the group, Everett Shinn, John Sloan, Arthur B. ...
- Lawson, Fremont
- newspaper editor and publisher, one of the first in the United States to assign correspondents to live and gather news in major cities outside the country. Before this innovation (1898) ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lawson, Henry
- Australian writer of short stories and balladlike verse noted for his realistic portrayals of bush life. [3 Related Articles]
- Lawson, John Howard
- U.S. playwright, screenwriter, and member of the "Hollywood Ten," who was jailed (1948-49) and blacklisted for his refusal to tell the House Committee on Un-American Activities about his political allegiances. [1 Related Articles]
- Lawson, Thomas W.
- (from the article "muckraker") ...politics in The Shame of the Cities (1904). Brand Whitlock, who wrote The Turn of the Balance (1907), a novel opposing capital punishment, was also a reform mayor of Toledo, ...
- Lawson, Yank
- (JOHN RHEA LAUSEN), U.S. jazz trumpeter (b. May 3, 1911--d. Feb. 18, 1995).
- Lawton
- city, seat (1907) of Comanche county, southwestern Oklahoma, U.S., on the Cache Creek. Originally part of the Choctaw-Chickasaw lands in the Indian Territory, the area was settled in 1869 by ...
- Lawton, Thomas
- ("TOMMY"), British association football (soccer) player who was a commanding centre forward just before and after World War II, scoring 231 goals in 390 League matches and 22 goals in ...
- Lawvere, F. W.
- (from the article "mathematics, foundations of") ...and uniform way, but it soon became clear that categories had an important role to play in the foundations of mathematics. This observation was largely the contribution of the American ...
- lawyer
- one trained and licensed to prepare, manage, and either prosecute or defend a court action as an agent for another and who also gives advice on legal matters that may ... [5 Related Articles]
- Lawz, Mount Al-
- (from the article "Arabian Desert") ...corner in Yemen, where Mount Al-Nabi Shu'ayb reaches the desert's highest elevation, 12,336 feet (3,760 metres); the northwestern corner in Hejaz (a part of Saudi Arabia), where Mount Al-Lawz rises ...
- lax vowel
- (from the article "vowel") ...so that the pharynx is expanded. Tense and lax are less clearly defined terms. Tense vowels are articulated with greater muscular effort, slightly higher tongue positions, and longer durations than ...
- Lax, Peter
- Hungarian-born American mathematician awarded the 2005 Abel Prize "for his groundbreaking contributions to the theory and applications of partial differential equations and to the computation of their solutions."
- Laxa River
- (from the article "Myvatn") shallow lake, northern Iceland, 30 miles (48 km) east of Akureyri, drained by the Laxa River, which flows northward to the Greenland Sea. Nearly 6 miles (9.5 km) long and ...
- Laxalt, Paul
- (from the article "Las Vegas") ...open to both blacks and whites. The rest of the city's casinos voluntarily desegregated in the mid-1950s, but de facto segregation existed elsewhere in Nevada until the mid-1960s. In 1968 ...
- laxative
- any drug used in the treatment of constipation to promote the evacuation of feces. Laxatives produce their effect by several mechanisms. Contact purgatives act directly on the muscles of the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Laxdaela saga
- one of the Icelanders' sagas. The tale, written about 1245 by an anonymous author (possibly a woman), is the tragic story of several generations of an Icelandic warrior family descended ... [1 Related Articles]
- Laxfordian Orogenic Belt
- (from the article "Europe") ...of southwestern Sweden between Oslo and Goteborg. On its northern side it has been reactivated almost beyond recognition within the Caledonian orogenic belt. The Ukrainian Massif and the small Laxfordian ...
- Laxist
- (from the article "Franciscan") ...was followed strictly. Three parties gradually appeared: the Zealots, who insisted on a literal observance of the primitive rule of poverty affecting communal as well as personal poverty; the Laxists, ...
- Laxman, Adam
- (from the article "Japan") While Sadanobu was senior councillor, a Russian envoy, Adam Laxman, landed at Nemuro in 1792 and requested trade relations. Although the bakufu rejected the Russian proposal, Sadanobu ordered that plans ...
- Laxness, Halldor
- Icelandic novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1955. He is considered the most creative Icelandic writer of the 20th century. [2 Related Articles]
- lay
- in medieval French literature, a short romance, usually written in octosyllabic verse, that dealt with subjects thought to be of Celtic origin. The earliest lay narratives were written in the ... [2 Related Articles]
- lay judge
- (from the article "court") In most civil-law countries, judges at all levels are professionally trained in the law, but in many other countries they are not. In England, part-time lay judges greatly outnumber full-time ...
- lay literacy
- (from the article "writing") As an alternative to simply identifying levels of literacy with years of schooling, some scholars have distinguished levels of literacy in another way. Environmental literacy or lay literacy is the ...
- lay magistrates
- (from the article "crime") ...of different functions, including determining the mode of trial, trying the case if summary trial is chosen, and dealing with ancillary matters, such as bail and the granting of legal ...
- Lay, Elzy
- western American outlaw, a member of the Wild Bunch (q.v.) and the favourite friend and ally of Butch Cassidy in train and bank robberies. [1 Related Articles]
- Lay, Horatio Nelson
- British diplomat who organized the Maritime Customs Bureau for the Chinese government in 1855. [1 Related Articles]
- Lay, Kenneth
- American businessman (b. April 15, 1942, Tyrone, Mo.-d. July 5, 2006, Aspen, Colo.), rose from humble beginnings to become chairman and chief executive of Enron Corp.-at one time the seventh ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lay-Osborn flotilla
- fleet of ships bought for China in the mid-19th century by a British consular official, Horatio Nelson Lay, which created a tremendous controversy when Lay falsely assumed that the Chinese ...
- lay-over flight
- (from the article "airport") Some airports have a very high percentage of passengers who are either transiting the airport (i.e., continuing on the same flight) or transferring to another flight. At Hartsfield Atlanta International ...
- laya-yoga
- (from the article "Hinduism") Some Tantrists employ laya-yoga ("reintegration by mergence"), in which the female nature-energy (representing the shakti), which is said to remain dormant and coiled in ...
- layali
- (from the article "Islamic arts") The repertoire in common use comprises a wide variety of forms. One category includes unmeasured improvised pieces, such as the layali, in which the singer puts forth the characteristics of ...
- Layard, Sir Austen Henry
- English archaeologist whose excavations greatly increased knowledge of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia. [2 Related Articles]
- Layari River
- (from the article "Karachi") ...from 5 to 120 feet (1.5 to 37 metres) above sea level, on which the city of Karachi is built. The Malir River, a seasonal stream, passes through the eastern ...
- layback spin
- (from the article "figure skating") ...or the back inside edge of the blade. A sit spin is done in sitting position, with the body supported by the leg that controls the spin as the free ...
- Layden, Elmer
- (from the article "Four Horsemen") ...sportswriter Grantland Rice to the backfield of the University of Notre Dame's undefeated gridiron football team of 1924: Harry Stuhldreher (quarterback), Don Miller and Jim Crowley (halfbacks), and Elmer Layden ...
- Laye, Camara
- one of the first African writers from south of the Sahara to achieve an international reputation. [1 Related Articles]
- Laye, Evelyn
- (ELSIE EVELYN LAY), British actress and singer who had a nearly 80-year career and between the two world wars was London's most successful star of stage musicals and operettas (b. ...
- Layens, Mathieu de
- (from the article "Leuven") The three-story town hall is one of the richest and most detailed examples of pointed Gothic and was built by Mathieu de Layens, the master mason, from 1448 to 1463. ...
- Layer Cake
- (from the article "Sakharov, Andrey Dmitriyevich") ...chemical high explosive. The scheme-analogous to American physicist Edward Teller's "Alarm Clock" design-was called Sloika, or "Layer Cake" as it is usually translated. Sakharov referred to it ...
- layer cloud
- (from the article "climate") Four principal classes are recognized when clouds are classified according to the kind of air motions that produce them: (1) layer clouds formed by the widespread regular ascent of air, ...
- layering
- (from the article "propagation") ...layering, cutting, and grafting. Bulbs and other underground rootlike structures, such as tubers and corms, may be divided as they mature. The sections are then placed in a moist medium ...
- laying
- (from the article "rope") The rope-laying operations require machines similar to strand-forming machinery. The strands, on bobbins, are pulled through a compression tube and twisted into rope by a revolving flyer. As twisted, the ...
- laying house
- in animal husbandry, a building or enclosure for maintaining laying flocks of domestic fowl, usually chickens, containing nests, lighting, roosting space, waterers, and feed troughs. Feeders and waterers may be ...
- laysan albatross
- (from the article "albatross") The laysan albatross (D. immutabilis), with a wingspread to about 200 cm, has a white body and dark upper-wing surfaces. Its distribution is about the same as the black-footed albatross.procellariiform
- Laysan teal
- (from the article "mallard") ...a subspecies of mallard. Mallards will mate with them-in fact, black duck females prefer mallard males. But most authorities now consider the black duck a separate species. Conversely, the Laysan ...
- Layton, Irving
- Romanian-born poet, who treated the Jewish Canadian experience with rebellious vigour. [2 Related Articles]
- Layton, Jack
- Canadian politician who became leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) in 2003. [3 Related Articles]
- layup
- (from the article "basketball") One of the main field shots is the layup, in which the shooter, while close to the basket, jumps and lays the ball against the backboard so it will rebound ...
- Laz
- (from the article "Caucasian peoples") The Caucasian peoples are subdivided, like the Caucasian languages, into two northern branches and a southern branch. The southerners, comprising the Georgians, the closely related Mingrelians and Laz, and the ...
- Laz language
- unwritten language spoken along the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia and in the adjacent areas of Turkey. Some scholars believe Laz and the closely related Mingrelian language to ... [4 Related Articles]
- Lazar Hrebeljanovic
- (from the article "Kosovo, Battle of") (June 15, 1389), battle fought at Kosovo Polje ("Field of the Blackbirds"), Serbia, between the armies of the Serbian prince Lazar and the Turkish forces of the Ottoman sultan Murad ...
- Lazar, Beryl
- (from the article "Religion") ...J. Reese resigned in May as editor of the Jesuit magazine America after his publishing of articles critical of church positions had come under fire at the Vatican. Russia's chief ...
- lazaretto
- (from the article "quarantine") ...was later extended to 40 days, quarantina. The choice of this period is said to be based on the period that Christ and Moses spent in isolation in the desert. ...
- Lazarev, Pyotr Petrovich
- Soviet physicist and biophysicist known for his physicochemical theory of the movement of ions and the consequent theory of excitation in living matter, which attempts to explain sensation, muscular contraction, ...
- Lazaro Cardenas Dam
- (from the article "Nazas River") ...Laguna District, where it reaches the now-dry Mayran Lagoon. Its total length is approximately 180 miles (290 km), but, as part of the land-redistribution program of the Laguna District, the ...
- Lazarsfeld, Paul Felix
- Austrian-born American sociologist whose studies of the mass media's influence on society became classics in his field. [1 Related Articles]
- Lazarus
- ("God Has Helped"), either of two figures mentioned in the New Testament.
- Lazarus
- ("God Has Helped"), either of two figures mentioned in the New Testament. [1 Related Articles]
- Lazarus, Emma
- American poet and essayist best known for her sonnet "The New Colossus," written to the Statue of Liberty. [1 Related Articles]
- Lazarus, Fred, Jr.
- American merchandiser who parlayed his family's small but successful department store into a $1.3 billion holding company known as Federated Department Stores.
- Lazarus, Herman
- (from the article "Newhouse family") ...Irving Newhouse (b. May 24, 1895, New York, N.Y., U.S.-d. Aug. 29, 1979, New York City), who was born Solomon Neuhaus and was later known as S.I. Newhouse. He was ...
- Lazarus, Moritz
- Jewish philosopher and psychologist, a leading opponent of anti-Semitism in his time and a founder of comparative psychology. [1 Related Articles]
- Lazear, Jesse William
- American physician and member of the commission that proved that the infectious agent of yellow fever is transmitted by a mosquito, later known as Aedes aegypti. [1 Related Articles]
- Lazio
- regione, west-central Italy, fronting the Tyrrhenian Sea and comprising the provinces of Roma, Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, and Viterbo. In the east Lazio is dominated by the Reatini, Sabini, Simbruini, and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lazninski, Tomasz
- (from the article "Zamoyski Family") The family settled in the 15th century at Laznin in the Mazovia area of Poland. Tomasz Lazninski bought an estate there called Zamosc, and his sons Florian (died 1510) and ...
- lazulite
- phosphate mineral, a basic magnesium and aluminum phosphate [MgAl2 (PO4)2(OH)2], that often occurs as blue, glassy crystals, grains, or masses in granite pegmatites, aluminous metamorphic rocks and quartzites, and quartz ...
- lazurite
- (from the article "lazurite") blue variety of the mineral sodalite (q.v.) that is responsible for the colour of lapis lazuli.
lazuriteLazurite.Sebastian Socha
- lazy eye
- (from the article "amblyopia") ...this outcome is usually avoidable or reversible during early childhood by promptly correcting the underlying eye problem (removing the cataract or prescribing eyeglasses) or forcing the use of the weaker ...
- Lazzarini, Gregorio
- (from the article "Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista") Tiepolo's father, who had been engaged in the shipping business, died in 1697, leaving his wife and five children in comfortable circumstances. His mother entrusted Giambattista to Gregorio Lazzarini, a ...
- lazzaroni
- (from the article "Naples") ...Italy (1798), the royal family withdrew in panic to Palermo aboard Admiral Horatio Nelson's British ships. The Neapolitan educated classes proclaimed a republic, while the Neapolitan poor, the lazzaroni, abandoned ...
- lazzo
- improvised comic dialogue or action in the commedia dell'arte. The word may have derived from lacci (Italian: "connecting link"), comic interludes performed by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin) between scenes, but ... [2 Related Articles]
- LB1
- (from the article "Anthropology and Archaeology") ...with a premolar of an individual from an older deposit, represented a hominin population that existed from before 38,000 years ago until at least 18,000 years ago. The skeleton (designated ...
- LBK culture
- Neolithic culture that expanded over large areas of Europe north and west of the Danube River (from Slovakia to the Netherlands) about the 5th millennium BC. Farmers probably practiced a ... [2 Related Articles]
- LCG(L)
- (from the article "landing craft") ...In these cases additional letters were typically added to the standard abbreviations to designate the special task. For example, LCT(R) designated a Landing Craft, Tank, mounted with rockets, and LCG(L) ...
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