| | - latex
- colloidal suspension, either the milky white liquid emulsion found in the cells of flowering plants such as the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) or any of various manufactured water emulsions ... [6 Related Articles]
- latex paint
- (from the article "chemical industry") ...as a by-product in the manufacture of paper, is still used. A petroleum distillate, however, is equally effective. The thinner completely evaporates very shortly after the paint is applied. In ...
- Latfwala, Ntombi
- (from the article "Swaziland") ...est.): 1,141,000 | Capitals: Mbabane (administrative and judicial); Lozitha and Ludzidzini (royal); Lobamba (legislative) | Chief of state: King Mswati III, with much power shared by his mother, Queen Mother ...
- Latgalian
- (from the article "Baltic states") ...on the peninsula of Courland (modern Kurzeme). To the east were the Semigallians, in present-day central Latvia and portions of northern Lithuania. Eastern Latvia was inhabited by the Selonians and ...
- lath
- any material fastened to the structural members of a building to provide a base for plaster. Lath can be of wood, metal, gypsum, or insulated board. In older residential buildings, ...
- Latham, Mark
- Australian politician, who served as leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 2003 to 2005. [3 Related Articles]
- Latham, Peter
- (from the article "rackets") The world rackets championship, which is decided by a challenge match, has been dominated by English players, although India and the United States have also produced outstanding players. Peter Latham, ...
- lathe
- machine tool that performs turning operations in which unwanted material is removed from a workpiece rotated against a cutting tool. [5 Related Articles]
- Lathrop, Julia Clifford
- American social welfare worker who was the first director of the U.S. Children's Bureau.
- Lathrop, Mother Alphonsa
- U.S. author, nun, and founder of the Servants of Relief for Incurable Cancer, a Roman Catholic congregation of nuns affiliated with the Third Order of St. Dominic and dedicated to ...
- Latia neritoides
- (from the article "bioluminescence") The limpet Latia neritoides, found in streams around Auckland, N.Z., is the only strictly freshwater luminous form known. The so-called firefly shrimp (hotaru ebi) is found in Lake Suwa, Japan, ...
- Laticauda
- (from the article "sea snake") The six species of sea kraits (genus Laticauda) are not as specialized for aquatic life as the true sea snakes. Although the tail is flattened, the body ...
- latifundium
- any large ancient Roman agricultural estate that used a large number of peasant or slave labourers. [5 Related Articles]
- latihan
- (from the article "Subud") The central feature of Subud is the latihan, its only group spiritual activity, which is usually held for an hour twice a week. During latihan, undergone by men and women ...
- Latimer, Hugh
- English Protestant who advanced the cause of the Reformation in England through his vigorous preaching and through the inspiration of his martyrdom. [1 Related Articles]
- Latimer, William
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...was not yet of age. In 1371 Parliament demanded the dismissal of William of Wykeham, the chancellor, and the appointment of laymen to state offices. The new government, dominated by ...
- Latimeria chalumnae
- (from the article "coelacanth") It was long supposed that coelacanths became extinct about 80 million years ago, but in 1938 a living member (Latimeria chalumnae) was netted in the Indian Ocean near the southern ...
- Latimeria menadoensis
- (from the article "coelacanth") ...who considered the flesh edible when dried and salted; the rough scales were used as an abrasive. A second species of Latimeria was discovered in Indonesia in 1998. It has ...
- Latin
- (from the article "Latin") the ancient people of Latium (q.v.).Italyancient Italic peopleThe Latins
- Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences
- (from the article "Grammy Award") ...rap at the 1989 presentation. An award for best music video was first handed out in 1982 to acknowledge the growing influence of the medium. With the rise of Latin ...
- Latin alphabet
- most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and the languages of most of Europe and those areas settled by Europeans. Developed ... [18 Related Articles]
- Latin America, history of
- history of the region from the pre-Columbian period and including colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in the 15th century, the 19th-century wars of independence, and developments to the ... [127 Related Articles]
- Latin American architecture
- history of architecture in Mesoamerica, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean beginning after contact with the Spanish and Portuguese in 1492 and 1500, respectively, and continuing to the present.
- Latin American art
- artistic traditions that developed in Mesoamerica, Central America, and South America after contact with the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in 1492 and 1500, respectively, and continuing to the present.
- Latin American Central of Workers
- (CLAT), regional Christian Democrat trade union federation linked to the World Confederation of Labour (WCL). Its affiliated member groups represent some 10,000,000 workers in more than 35 Latin-American and Caribbean ...
- Latin American dance
- dance traditions of Mexico, Central America, and the portions of South America and the Caribbean colonized by the Spanish and the Portuguese. These traditions reflect the distinctive mixtures of indigenous ...
- Latin American Economic System
- association formed to promote economic cooperation and development throughout the region of Latin America. Established in 1975 through the Panama Convention, SELA succeeded the Special Committee for Latin American Coordination ...
- Latin American Free Trade Association
- (from the article "Mercosur") South American regional economic organization. Mercosur grew out of earlier efforts to integrate the economies of Latin America through the Latin American Free Trade Association (1960) and its successor, the ...
- Latin American Integration Association
- organization that was established by the Treaty of Montevideo (August 1980) and became operational in March 1981. It seeks economic cooperation among its members. Original members were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, ... [3 Related Articles]
- Latin American literature
- the national literatures of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Western Hemisphere. Historically, it also includes the literary expression of the highly developed American Indian civilizations conquered by the Spaniards. Over ... [21 Related Articles]
- Latin American music
- musical traditions of Mexico, Central America, and the portions of South America and the Caribbean colonized by the Spanish and the Portuguese. These traditions reflect the distinctive mixtures of Native ...
- Latin Averroism
- the teachings of a number of Western Christian philosophers who, in the later Middle Ages and during the Renaissance, drew inspiration from the interpretation of Aristotle put forward by Averroes, ... [9 Related Articles]
- Latin cross
- (from the article "Western architecture") The traditional plan for medieval churches was the Latin cross plan, as at San Lorenzo; the longer arm of the cross formed the nave of the church. During the Middle ...
- Latin duchy of the Archipelago
- (from the article "Greece, history of") ...Crusade, much of the southern part of the Aegean came under Venetian authority; and, although Byzantine power was restored for a while in the late 13th century, Naxos remained the ...
- Latin Empire of Constantinople
- (from the article "Greece, history of") ...quickly and effectively placed under Frankish (Western Christian) rule. The principality of Achaia (the Morea) and the duchy of the Archipelago were subject to the Latin emperor, the ruler of ...
- Latin language
- Indo-European language belonging to the Italic group; it is the language ancestral to the modern Romance languages. [48 Related Articles]
- Latin League
- an alliance of Latin communities that formed in opposition to Etruscan Rome at the end of the 6th century BC. By that time the Etruscan rulers of Rome had established ... [5 Related Articles]
- Latin literature
- the body of writings in Latin, primarily produced during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, when Latin was a spoken language. When Rome fell, Latin remained the literary language ... [36 Related Articles]
- Latin Monetary Union
- (from the article "bimetallism") In an attempt to establish the bimetallic system on an international scale, France, Belgium, Italy, and Switzerland formed the Latin Monetary Union in 1865. The union established a mint ratio ...
- Latin Quarter
- (from the article "Paris") South of the city centre are the quintessential Left Bank neighbourhoods known as Saint-Germain-des-Pres and the Latin Quarter (Quartier Latin). The boulevard Saint-Germain itself begins at the National Assembly building, ...
- Latin scholarship
- (from the article "classical scholarship") Latin scholarship
- Latin Scholasticism
- (from the article "Cydones, Demetrius") ...was a student of the Greek classical scholar and philosopher Nilus Cabasilas. In 1354 he went to Italy, where he studied the writings of the leading medieval philosophical theologians. Attracted ...
- Latin square
- (from the article "combinatorics") Latin squares and the packing problem
- Latin War
- (from the article "Praeneste") ...east-southeast of Rome on a spur of the Apennines, home of the great temple to Fortuna Primigenia. After the Gallic invasion (390 BC), Praeneste fought many battles with Rome; defeated ...
- Latin-Faliscan languages
- language group proposed by some scholars to be included in the Italic branch of Indo-European languages. The group includes Latin, which emanated from Rome, and Faliscan, spoken in the Falerii ...
- Latina
- city, Lazio (Latium) regione, south-central Italy, 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Rome. Built in 1932 as the first centre of the newly reclaimed Agro Pontino (see Pontine Marshes), it ...
- latina
- (from the article "South Asian arts") The sikhara is the most distinctive part of the North Indian temple and provides the basis for the most useful and instructive classification. The two basic types are called latina ...
- Latina, Via
- (from the article "Roman road system") ...running north to the Adriatic, where it joined the Via Aemilia, crossed the Rubicon, and led northwest; the Via Valeria, east across the peninsula by way of Lake Fucinus (Conca ...
- Latini
- (from the article "Roman law") The definition of citizenship was important for the purposes of private law because certain parts applied only to citizens (jus civile). Noncitizens could be either Latini, inhabitants of Roman settlements ...
- Latini, Brunetto
- Florentine scholar who helped disseminate ideas that were fundamental to the development of early Italian poetry. He was a member of the Guelph party and a leading figure in the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Latinian
- (from the article "Sabellic dialects") ...Oscan language (q.v.). Those dialects spoken by the Paeligni, Marrucini, and Vestini are considered North Oscan, and those spoken by the Volsci, Marsi, Aequi, and Sabini are sometimes called Latinian.
- Latinobarometer
- (from the article "public opinion") Other regional studies, often led by university research programs or NGOs as well as by national governments, have been developed around the world. The Latinobarometer, based in Chile, publishes an ...
- Latinovics, Zoltan
- (from the article "Huszarik, Zoltan") ...century, was released in 1971. The film is unusual in that it has virtually no plot and focuses instead on the personality of its protagonist, played by one of Hungarian ...
- Latinus
- in Roman legend, king of the aborigines in Latium and eponymous hero of the Latin race. The Greek poet Hesiod (7th century BC), in Theogony, calls him ...
- Latinxua
- (from the article "Chinese languages") ...and language scholar Lin Yutang, the linguist Zhao Yuanren, and others, was adopted. This attempt also was halted by war and revolution. A rival Communist effort known as
- latissimus dorsi
- widest and most powerful muscle of the back. It is a large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back. It arises from the lower half of the vertebral column and ... [1 Related Articles]
- latite
- extrusive igneous rock very abundant in western North America. Usually coloured white, yellowish, pinkish, or gray, it is the volcanic equivalent of monzonite (q.v.). Latites contain plagioclase feldspar (andesine or ...
- latitude and longitude
- coordinate system by means of which the position or location of any place on the Earth's surface can be determined and described. [6 Related Articles]
- latitude of forms
- (from the article "mathematics") Another question having to do with the quantification of qualities, the so-called latitude of forms, began to be discussed at about this time in Paris and in Merton College. Various ...
- latitudinal gradation
- (from the article "biogeographic region") Global gradients also affect species richness. The most obvious gradient is latitudinal: there are more species in the tropics than in the temperate or polar zones. Ecological factors commonly are ...
- latitudinarian
- any of the 17th-century Anglican clerics whose beliefs and practices were viewed by conservatives as unorthodox or, at best, heterodox. After first being applied to the Cambridge Platonists, the term ... [2 Related Articles]
- Latium
- south of the Tiber River as far as the promontory of Mount Circeo. It was bounded on the northwest by Etruria, on the southeast by Campania, on the east by ... [6 Related Articles]
- Latium maius
- (from the article "jus Latii") ...children of Roman soldiers and native women in the colony of Carteia in Spain and in 89 to residents of Transpadane Gaul. These fictive Latins adopted the municipal pattern, the ...
- Latortue, Gerard
- (from the article "Haiti") ...(2006 est.): 8,808,000 | Capital: Port-au-Prince | Chief of state and government: Presidents Boniface Alexandre (provisional) and, from May 14, Rene Preval, assisted by Prime Ministers Gerard Latortue (interim) and, ...
- Latreille, Pierre-Andre
- French zoologist and Roman Catholic priest, often considered to be the father of modern entomology. He was responsible for the first detailed classification of crustaceans and insects.
- latrine fly
- (from the article "anthomyiid fly") any of a group of common flies (order Diptera) that resemble the housefly in appearance. The lesser housefly (Fannia canicularis) and the latrine fly (F. scalaris) are important anthomyiid flies. ...
- Latrobe
- (from the article "Westmoreland") ...terminus of the Pennsylvania Turnpike (1940), one the first limited-access express highways in the United States. Other communities include New Kensington, Lower Burrell, Murrysville, Monessen, and Latrobe, which was officially ...
- Latrobe River
- (from the article "Latrobe Valley") The Latrobe River rises in the Eastern Highlands near Mount Baw Baw in the Gippsland district. Flowing in a southeasterly direction, it passes the cities of Moe and Yallourn, where ...
- Latrobe Valley
- river valley in southeastern Victoria, Australia. It is one of the most important economic areas in the state. [1 Related Articles]
- Latrobe, Benjamin
- British-born architect and civil engineer who established architecture as a profession in the United States. Latrobe was the most original proponent of the Greek Revival style in American building. [4 Related Articles]
- Latrobe, Mount
- (from the article "Wilson's Promontory") ...projects into Bass Strait and is almost an island, being linked to the mainland by beach ridges. From a spectacular scenic 80-mile coastline, it rises to a mountainous interior; its ...
- Latrodectus curacaviensis
- (from the article "black widow") ...brown widow and is native to Africa. In the northern part of its range, L. mactans is found most often in brush piles and near dwellings, whereas ...
- Latrodectus dahli
- (from the article "black widow") ...L. mactans lives on the ground. L. hesperus is found in western North America. L. hystrix, L. dahli, ...
- Latrodectus hystrix
- (from the article "black widow") ...trees and shrubs above the ground, and L. mactans lives on the ground. L. hesperus is found in western North America.
- Latrodectus mactans
- (from the article "black widow") any of several species of black spiders distinguished by an hourglass-shaped marking on the abdomen. Black widows, especially L. mactans, are found throughout much of the world. ...
- Latrodectus pallidus
- (from the article "black widow") ...on the ground. L. hesperus is found in western North America. L. hystrix, L. dahli, and L. pallidus ...
- Latsis, John
- Greek shipping and oil magnate (b. Sept. 14, 1910, Katakolo, Greece-d. April 17, 2003, Athens, Greece), was a bold and surefooted businessman, who became one of the richest men in ...
- Latsis, Mary Jane
- American crime-fiction writer who, with collaborator Martha Henissart, wrote under the pseudonym Emma Lathen; the two turned out over two dozen mysteries, most notably the series featuring John Putnam Thatcher, ...
- latte stone
- (from the article "Micronesian culture") Traditional forms of house construction provided good protection against heavy rainstorms. Some of the houses in the Marianas appear to have been constructed on stone pillars. The so-called latte stones ...
- Latte Stone Park
- (from the article "Hagatna") ...War II. Adjoining the cathedral is the Plaza de Espana and the Azotea ("Back Porch"), one of a few parts of the original Spanish governor's palace still standing. Close by ...
- latten
- (from the article "horse brass") ...or check its upward movement. The use of these ornaments is of considerable antiquity, but most English horse brass dates from after 1830. Earlier examples are known, but these are ...
- Latter Rain revival
- early name for the Pentecostal movement within U.S. Protestantism; it began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Tennessee and North Carolina and took its name from the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lattes, C.M.G.
- Brazilian physicist who, with American physicist Eugene Gardner at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1948 confirmed the existence of heavy and light mesons formed during the bombardment of carbon ...
- lattice constant
- (from the article "axis") ...lattice may be divided into a number of identical blocks, or unit cells. The intersecting edges of one of these unit cells are chosen as the crystallographic axes, and their ...
- lattice construction
- (from the article "basketry") In lattice construction a frame made of two or three layers of passive standards is bound together by wrapping the intersections with a thread. The ways of intertwining hardly vary ...
- lattice energy
- the energy needed to completely separate an ionic solid, such as common table salt, into gaseous ions (also the energy released in the reverse process). Lattice energy is usually measured ... [1 Related Articles]
- lattice spacing
- (from the article "spectroscopy") ...the radiation. Over a fairly wide range of X-ray energies, however, radiation hitting a metal surface at grazing incidence can be reflected. For X rays where the wavelengths are comparable ...
- lattice vibration
- (from the article "superconductivity") ...first time that a theory of superconductivity must take into account the fact that free electrons in a crystal are influenced by the vibrations of atoms that define the crystal ...
- latticinio glass
- (from the article "glassware") ...out of fashion in Venice (except on pieces for export) in the first half of the 16th century. Its place was taken to some extent by the use of opaque ...
- Lattimore, Owen
- American sinologist, a victim of McCarthyism in the 1950s. [2 Related Articles]
- Lattimore, Richmond
- American poet and translator renowned for his disciplined yet poetic translations of Greek classics.
- Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de
- French army officer and posthumous marshal of France who became one of the leading military figures in the French forces under General Charles de Gaulle during World War II. He ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lattuada, Alberto
- (from the article "Fellini, Federico") ...Although he wrote a number of important scripts for such directors as Pietro Germi (Il cammino della speranza [1950; The Path of Hope]), Alberto ...
- latus rectum
- (from the article "ellipse") ...Perpendicular to the major axis through the centre, at the point on the major axis equidistant from the foci, is the minor axis. A line drawn through either focus parallel ...
- Latvia
- country of northeastern Europe and one of the Baltic states. Latvia, which was occupied and annexed by the U.S.S.R. in June 1940, declared its independence on Aug. 21, 1991. The ... [24 Related Articles]
- Latvia, flag of
- national flag consisting of a crimson field (background) divided horizontally by a narrow white stripe. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
- Latvia, history of
- (from the article "Latvia") HistoryBaltic ententeBaltic Entente mutual-defense pact signed by Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on Sept. 12, 1934, that laid the basis for ...
- Latvian
- (from the article "Balt") ...the Baltic Sea. (The name Balt, coined in the 19th century, is derived from the sea; Aestii was the name given these peoples by the Roman historian Tacitus.) In addition ...
- Latvian language
- East Baltic language spoken primarily in Latvia, where it has been the official language since 1918. It belongs to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. (See Baltic ... [1 Related Articles]
- Latvian literature
- body of writings in the Latvian language. Latvia's loss of political independence in the 13th century prevented a natural evolution of its literature out of folk poetry. Much of Latvian ... [1 Related Articles]
- Latynina, Larisa Semyonovna
- Soviet gymnast who was the first woman athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals. [2 Related Articles]
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