| | - Lanza, Giovanni
- Italian statesman and political activist of the Risorgimento who was premier in 1870 when Rome became the capital of a united Italy and who helped organize the political forces of ... [3 Related Articles]
- Lanzarote
- island, Las Palmas provincia (province), in the Canary Islands comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), Spain. It is the easternmost of the Canary Islands, in the ...
- Lanzelet
- (from the article "Lancelot") ...legend about Guinevere's abduction, making Lancelot her rescuer and lover. It also mentioned Lancelot's upbringing by a fairy in a lake, a story that received fuller treatment in the German ...
- Lanzhou
- city, capital of Gansu sheng (province), west-central China. It is situated in the southeastern portion of the province on the upper course of the Huang He (Yellow ... [3 Related Articles]
- Lanzi, Loggia dei
- (from the article "Western architecture") The Renaissance began in Italy, where there was always a residue of Classical feeling in architecture. A Gothic building such as the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence was characterized by ...
- Lanzi, Luigi
- (from the article "Mannerism") ...in Florence and Rome and spread to northern Italy and, ultimately, to much of central and northern Europe. The term was first used around the end of the 18th century ...
- Lanzon, El
- (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") This figure, which has variously been called El Lanzon, the Great Image, and the Smiling God, is thought to have been the chief object of worship in the original temple. ...
- Lao
- (from the article "Laos") The Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the Tai peoples who by the 8th century AD had established a powerful kingdom, Nanchao, in ...
- Lao Cai
- town, northwestern Vietnam, on the China-Vietnam border. It lies at the junction of the Red River (Song Hong) and the Nam Ti River about 160 miles (260 km) northwest of ...
- Lao Issara
- Laotian political movement against French colonial control, founded in 1945. The departure of the Japanese from Laos in 1945 left the Laotian ruling elite divided over the issue of the ... [4 Related Articles]
- Lao Khamhom
- (from the article "Thai literature") ...of speech was severely curtailed; in the later years only escapist fiction, called "stagnant water literature," survived. One writer who proved an exception during this period was Lao Khamhom (Khamsing ...
- Lao language
- one of the Tai languages of Southeast Asia, and the official language of Laos. Lao occurs in various dialects, which differ among themselves at least as much as Lao as ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lao Lishi
- (from the article "Swimming") ...countrywoman Wu Minxia and teamed with Wu to take the 3-m springboard synchronized contest. Australia's Chantelle Newberry scored a major upset in the 10-m platform, decisively defeating favoured Lao Lishi ...
- Lao literature
- body of literature written in Lao, one of the Tai languages of Southeast Asia and the official language of Laos.
- Lao Loum
- (from the article "Laos") ...communities amounting to only a few hundred persons. By the late 20th century the various peoples of Laos were officially grouped primarily by language and location into one of three ...
- Lao Patriotic Front
- (from the article "Pathet Lao") ...Lao (Lao Country) movement joined with the Viet Minh, the Communist-oriented Vietnamese nationalist organization, in armed resistance to French rule in Indochina. In 1956 a legal political wing, the Lao ...
- Lao People's Revolutionary Party
- (from the article "Laos") A major reshuffle at the top political level marked the year 2006 in Laos; the move was formalized in proceedings held March 18-21 at the eighth Congress of the Lao ...
- Lao She
- Chinese author of humorous, satiric novels and short stories and, after the onset of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-45), of patriotic and propagandistic plays and novels. [1 Related Articles]
- Lao Soung
- (from the article "Laos") The Lao Soung group includes peoples who have migrated into northern Laos since the early 19th century and speak Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao) or Tibeto-Burman languages. Among the most prominent of those ...
- Lao Tai
- (from the article "Laos") Lao Tai peoples of the Lao Loum group also once had a clear political hierarchy and a stratified social structure. Black Tai tribal organization, for instance, had three levels: the ...
- Lao Theung
- (from the article "Laos") The Lao Theung peoples are scattered throughout Laos and speak Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer) languages. They are probably the original inhabitants of the country, having migrated northward in prehistoric times. Unlike the ...
- Lao, Mount
- (from the article "China") ...part is lower, lying at elevations averaging below 1,500 feet (450 metres), with only certain peaks and ridges rising to 2,500 feet and (rarely) to 3,000 feet (900 metres); the ...
- Lao-Thai Friendship Bridge
- (from the article "Laos") ...the first Thai-Lao joint cabinet retreat had taken place in Pakse, southern Laos, led by the two countries' prime ministers. The meeting marked the official start of the construction of ...
- Lao-tzu Pien-hua Ching
- (from the article "Daoism") ...in Chinese religious history is Laozi's advancement from sage to god. A scroll found in the walled-up desert library at Dunhuang, the Book of the Transformations of ...
- Laoag
- city, northwestern Luzon, Philippines. It lies on the north bank of the nonnavigable Laoag River, a few miles above the latter's mouth. Laoag was first occupied by the Spaniards in ...
- Laocoon
- in Greek legend, a seer and a priest of the god Apollo; he was the son of Agenor of Troy or, according to some, the brother of Anchises (the father ... [1 Related Articles]
- Laodameia
- (from the article "Protesilaus") ...cities west of the Pegasaean Gulf. Though aware that an oracle had foretold death for the first of the invading Greeks to land at Troy, he was the first ashore ...
- Laodice
- (from the article "Ptolemy II Philadelphus") ...dowry-to his foe Antiochus II. The magnitude of this political masterstroke can be gauged by the fact that Antiochus, before marrying the Ptolemaic princess, had to dismiss his former wife, ...
- Laodicea
- the ancient name of several cities of western Asia, mostly founded or rebuilt in the 3rd century BC by rulers of the Seleucid dynasty, and named after Laodice, the mother ...
- Laodicea ad Lycum
- (from the article "Denizli") ...Turkey. It lies near a tributary of the Menderes River. Set among the gardens at the foot of Mount Gokbel (7,572 feet [2,308 metres]), Denizli inherited the economic position of ...
- Laodicea, Synod of
- (from the article "church year") ...in the theatre and circus. Church councils of the period were more concerned to enforce the obligation of Sunday worship, the earliest being the Spanish Council of Elvira (c. 300); ...
- Laoguantai culture
- (from the article "China") Two major cultures can be identified in the northwest: Laoguantai, in eastern and southern Shaanxi and northwestern Henan, and Dadiwan I-a development of Laoguantai culture-in eastern Gansu and western Shaanxi. ...
- Laohekou
- city, northern Hubei sheng (province), China. It is situated on the east bank of the middle Han River, some 30 miles (50 km) northwest of Xiangfan. Historically, ...
- Laoighis
- county in the province of Leinster, east-central Ireland, formerly called Queen's county. It is bounded by Counties Offaly (north and west), Kildare (east), Carlow and Kilkenny (south), and Tipperary (southwest). ...
- Laomedon
- legendary king of Troy, son of Ilus and Eurydice and father of Podarces (later famous as King Priam of Troy). Laomedon refused to give the gods Apollo and Poseidon their ...
- Laon
- town, capital of Aisne departement, Picardy region, northern France. It lies northwest of Reims and northeast of Paris. The picturesque old town, situated on the summit of a scarped hill, ...
- Laon cathedral
- (from the article "stained glass") ...of Troyes. In the Ile-de-France and eastern France the situation is complicated by the almost complete loss of the later 12th-century works. The north rose window (c. 1200-05) of Laon ...
- Laos
- landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. Overall, the country ... [28 Related Articles]
- Laos gymnure
- (from the article "gymnure") ...H. sinensis) lives in cool and damp mountain forests at elevations of 300-2,700 metres in southern China and adjacent regions of Myanmar (Burma) and northern Vietnam. The Laos gymnure (H. ...
- Laos, flag of
- horizontally striped red-blue-red national flag with a central white disk. The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 2 to 3.
- Laos, history of
- (from the article "Laos") This section focuses specifically on the history and development of the area and country now known as Laos. For a discussion of the history of Laos in its broader, regional ...
- Laotian rock rat
- (from the article "Life Sciences") ...London, and colleagues. It was so distinctive that the scientists placed it in a new family-the first new family of mammals to be described by scientists in more than three ...
- Laozi
- the first philosopher of Chinese Daoism and alleged author of the Daodejing (q.v.), a primary Daoist writing. Modern scholars discount the possibility that the Daodejing was written by only one ... [13 Related Articles]
- lap
- (from the article "metallurgy") ...the metal; these often consist of nonmetallic inclusions such as oxides or sulfides that are trapped in the metal during refining. Such inclusions can be avoided by proper manufacturing procedures. ...
- lapa
- (from the article "African architecture") ...plans. Though the effect has been to reduce the variety of house forms and to regularize settlement patterns, the trend has not been without interesting hybrids. In particular, the decorated ...
- Lapai
- town and traditional emirate, southeastern Niger state, west-central Nigeria. It lies near the Gurara River, which is a tributary to the Niger River. It was originally inhabited by the Gbari ...
- laparoscopy
- procedure that permits visual examination of the abdominal cavity with an optical instrument called a laparoscope, which is inserted through a small incision made in the abdominal wall. The term ... [4 Related Articles]
- Lapchick, Joe
- U.S. professional and collegiate basketball player and coach who was a major influence in both professional and collegiate basketball.
- Lapham, Lewis
- (from the article "Harper's Magazine") Under the editorship of Lewis Lapham, the magazine changed its format during the 1980s, adding a "Readings" section that featured an eclectic collection of reprints of interesting documents. It continued ...
- Lapid, Joseph
- Israeli journalist and politician enjoyed a successful career in journalism that spanned print media, radio, and television; he used his reputation as a journalist as a springboard into politics as ...
- lapidary style
- in calligraphy, style of lettering characteristically used for inscription in marble or other stone by chisel strokes, as, for example, on Trajan's Column in the Forum at Rome. The words ...
- Lapidus, Morris
- Russian-born American architect (b. Nov. 25, 1902, Odessa, Russia [now Ukraine]-d. Jan. 18, 2001, Miami Beach, Fla.), designed some 1,200 buildings, including 250 hotels; his flamboyant style was long scorned ...
- lapies
- weathered limestone surface found in karst regions and consisting of etched, fluted, and pitted rock pinnacles separated by deep grooves. This rugged surface is formed by the solution of rock ...
- lapillistone
- (from the article "igneous rock") ...rock, and phenocrysts. Fragments less than 2 millimetres in size are called ash, and the rock formed of these is called tuff; fragments between 2 and 64 millimetres are lapilli ...
- lapillus
- unconsolidated volcanic fragment with a diameter between 4 and 32 mm (0.16 and 1.26 inches) that was ejected during a volcanic explosion. Lapilli may consist of fresh magma, solid magma ... [1 Related Articles]
- lapis lazuli
- semiprecious stone valued for its deep blue colour. The source of the pigment ultramarine (q.v.), it is not a mineral but a rock coloured by lazurite (see sodalite). In addition ... [5 Related Articles]
- Lapita
- (from the article "Anthropology and Archaeology") ...headless skeletons that were unearthed in a 3,000-year-old cemetery at Teouma on the island of Efate in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu might reveal the mysterious origin of ...
- Lapita culture
- cultural complex of what were presumably the original human settlers of Melanesia, much of Polynesia, and parts of Micronesia, and dating from between 1600 and 500 BC. It is named ... [3 Related Articles]
- Lapita ware
- (from the article "Fiji") When Fiji's first settlers arrived from the islands of Melanesia at least 3,500 years ago, they carried with them a wide range of food plants, the pig, and a style ...
- Lapith
- (from the article "Pirithous") Pirithous originally belonged to the Lapiths, a northern mountain tribe, and probably his earliest legend was that of his marriage to Hippodamia (daughter of Butes the beemaster). The Centaurs, who ...
- Lapithos
- (from the article "Cyprus") ...the Arcadian origin-of the immigrants. They founded new cities, which became the capitals of six ancient Greek kingdoms on Cyprus: Curium (Greek: Kourion), Paphos, Marion, Soli (Greek: Soloi), Lapithos, and ...
- Laplace transform
- in mathematics, a particular integral transform invented by the French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827), and systematically developed by the British physicist Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925), to simplify the solution of many ... [1 Related Articles]
- Laplace's equation
- second-order partial differential equation widely useful in physics because its solutions R (known as harmonic functions) occur in problems of electrical, magnetic, and gravitational potentials, of steady-state temperatures, and of ... [8 Related Articles]
- Laplace, Pierre-Simon, marquis de
- French mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who is best known for his investigations into the stability of the solar system. [18 Related Articles]
- Lapland
- region of northern Europe largely within the Arctic Circle, stretching across northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland and into the Kola Peninsula of Russia. It is bounded by the Norwegian Sea ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lapland Nature Reserve
- natural area set aside for research in the natural sciences in the western part of the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. It lies west of Lake Imandra and has an area ...
- Lapland spitz
- (from the article "spitz") There are a number of dogs known as spitz. Among these are the Finnish spitz, the Eskimo dog, the Greenland dog, and the Lapland spitz.
- Lapli, Sir John
- (from the article "Solomon Islands") Area: 28,370 sq km (10,954 sq mi) | Population (2004 est.): 461,000 | Capital: Honiara | Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Sir John Lapli and, from ...
- Laporte, Pierre
- (from the article "Canada") ...In October 1970 a terrorist group, the Front de Liberation du Quebec (Quebec Liberation Front), kidnapped the British trade commissioner, James Cross, and Quebec's labour minister, Pierre Laporte, who was ...
- Laportea
- (from the article "Urticaceae") ...distributed primarily in tropical regions. The family is typical of the nettle order (Urticales). Many species, especially the nettles (Urtica; see photograph) and Australian nettle trees (Laportea), have stinging hairs ...
- Laportea moroides
- (from the article "Urticaceae") One species of Australian nettle tree, Laportea moroides, is cultivated for its raspberry-like flower clusters. Pilea, a genus of creeping plants that includes the artillery plant (P. microphylla), and pellitory ...
- Lapparentophis
- (from the article "snake") ...and extinct groups. The oldest fossils are found in South America, Africa, and Madagascar from the time when these continents were joined as Gondwanaland. The earliest undisputed snake (
- Lappeenranta
- city, southeastern Finland. Lappeenranta lies at the southern end of Lake Saimaa, northeast of Kotka. It was a major trade centre during the Middle Ages, with a municipal charter granted ...
- Lappenberg, Johann Martin
- German archivist who was also a prolific scholar of German and English history.
- lappet
- any member of the insect genus Tolype of the Lasiocampidae family of moths (order Lepidoptera). The genus includes the eggars, named for their egg-shaped cocoons, and the tent caterpillars, which ...
- lappet weaving
- (from the article "textile") ...the warp. The lappet system produces figured fabrics resembling those made by swivel figuring, but the pattern yarns are extra warps (rather than wefts) brought into play from separate warp ...
- lappet-faced vulture
- (from the article "vulture") The lappet-faced vulture (Torgos tracheliotus), sometimes called the eared, or Nubian, vulture, is a huge Old World vulture of arid Africa. Being a metre tall, with a 2.7-metre (8.9-foot) wingspan, ...
- lapping abrasive
- (from the article "abrasive") ...use the abrasive in the form of grains or powders. In addition to the sizing operation, many types are specifically treated, by calcining, acid, or heating, to make them more ...
- lapping machine
- (from the article "machine tool") Lapping and honing operations are classified under the basic art of grinding. Lapping is a process in which a soft cloth impregnated with abrasive pastes or compounds is rubbed against ...
- Lappland
- landskap (province) of northern Sweden. Lappland is bounded on the west by Norway, on the north by Finland, on the east by the landskap (provinces) of Norrbotten and Vasterbotten, and ...
- lappmark
- (from the article "Lappland") ...the area was occupied by reindeer-herding Sami (Lapps). Swedes from farther south were attracted by its valuable furs and brought the area under their domination. Territorial subdivisions called lappmark were ...
- lapse rate
- rate of change in temperature observed while moving upward through the Earth's atmosphere. The lapse rate is considered positive when the temperature decreases with elevation, zero when the temperature is ... [3 Related Articles]
- lapse, doctrine of
- in Indian history, formula devised by Lord Dalhousie, governor-general of India (1848-56), to deal with questions of succession to Hindu Indian states. It was a corollary to the doctrine of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Laptev Sea
- marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Northern Siberia (Russia), bounded by the Taymyr Peninsula (Poluostrov) and the islands of Severnaya Zemlya on the west and by ... [1 Related Articles]
- Laptev, Dmitry
- (from the article "Great Northern Expedition") ...reached some islands off the Alaskan coast. Lieutenant S.I. Chelyuskin reached the cape named after him, the northernmost point of the Siberian mainland, and the cousins Khariton and Dmitry Laptev ...
- Laptev, Khariton
- (from the article "Great Northern Expedition") ...reached some islands off the Alaskan coast. Lieutenant S.I. Chelyuskin reached the cape named after him, the northernmost point of the Siberian mainland, and the cousins Khariton and Dmitry Laptev ...
- laptop computer
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") PC shipments, for both online and retail store sales, were on track to grow about 12% in unit sales worldwide in 2007, said market-research firm iSuppli Corp. Sales of laptop ...
- Lapu-Lapu
- city, northwestern Mactan Island, Philippines, on a narrow channel of the Bohol Strait opposite Cebu City. Formerly called Opon, the city was renamed in honour of Chief Lapulapu, who, on ...
- Lapua Movement
- (1929-32), fascist movement in Finland that threatened the young state's democratic institutions and for a time dictated the policies of the government. It was named for the parish of Lapua, ... [3 Related Articles]
- lapwing
- any of numerous species of birds of the plover family, Charadriidae (order Charadriiformes), especially the Eurasian lapwing, Vanellus vanellus, of farmlands and grassy plains. The name lapwing, which refers to ... [2 Related Articles]
- Lapworth, Charles
- English geologist who proposed what came to be called the Ordovician period (505 to 438 million years old) of geologic strata. [3 Related Articles]
- laque burgaute
- in the decorative arts, East Asian technique of decorating lacquer ware with inlaid designs employing shaped pieces of the iridescent blue-green shell of the sea-ear (Haliotis). This shell inlay is ... [1 Related Articles]
- laquearius
- (from the article "gladiator") ...("chariot men"), who fought from chariots like the ancient Britons; the hoplomachi ("fighters in armour"), who wore a complete suit of armour; and the laquearii ("lasso men"), who tried to ...
- Lar
- in Roman religion, any of numerous tutelary deities. They were originally gods of the cultivated fields, worshipped by each household at the crossroads where its allotment joined those of others. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Lar
- (from the article "Laristan") Lar, the chief town, lies at some 3,000 feet (900 metres) above sea level on a plain bordered by mountains separating the town from the Persian Gulf and on the ...
- Lara
- estado (state), northwestern Venezuela. It was named for independence hero Gen. Juan Jacinto Lara. Bordered on the north by Falcon, east by Yaracuy, south by Portuguesa and Trujillo, and west ...
- Lara Jonggrang
- (from the article "Anthropology and Archaeology") Natural disaster and war took their toll on archaeological sites in 2006. An earthquake that rocked Indonesia in May damaged the 10th-century Hindu complex of Prambanan. In continued unrest in ...
- Lara, Brian
- West Indian cricketer, one of the sport's most renowned contemporary players. The compact left-handed batsman is the record holder for most runs scored in an innings in both Test (international) ... [4 Related Articles]
- Lara, Gabriel de
- (from the article "Parana") ...by bands of Spanish explorers from Sao Paulo and by Jesuit missionaries, the territory of the present state was occupied, to a large extent, by the forces of a Portuguese ...
- Lara, Guillermo Rodriguez
- (from the article "Poveda Burbano, Alfredo") head of the military junta that overthrew the regime of Ecuadorian President Guillermo Rodriguez Lara in a bloodless coup on Jan. 11, 1976, and held power until the return to ...
- Larache
- Atlantic port city, northern Morocco, at the mouth of the Loukkos (Lucus) River. The ruins of ancient Lixus, successively a Phoenician, Carthaginian, and Roman settlement, are 2 miles (3 km) ... [1 Related Articles]
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