| | - Lancome
- (from the article "Fashions") ...a slim-fit suit, and a skinny tie. The Giorgio Armani-clad British actor Clive Owen topped GQ's list-one of several such registers published in many glossy magazines-and in May Lancome, the ...
- Lancret, Nicolas
- French genre painter whose brilliant depictions of fetes galantes, or scenes of courtly amusements in Arcadian settings, reflected the society of his time.
- land
- (from the article "art conservation and restoration") Under the increasing pressure of the world's growing population, the value of urban land continues to climb steeply, with some curious effects on the fate of old buildings. Increased demand ...
- Land
- (from the article "Berlin") ...has a central government and 12 district governments, with a chief burgomaster, or mayor, a 16-member government, and a city assembly, or parliament, on the central, or
- Land Act
- (from the article "Healy, T.M.") In Parliament, Healy became an authority on the Irish land question, and the "Healy Clause" of the Land Act of 1881, which protected tenant farmers' agrarian improvements from rent increases ...
- Land Acts
- (from the article "apartheid") ...each race, and members of other races were barred from living, operating businesses, or owning land in them. In practice this act and two others (1954, 1955), which became known ...
- Land Apportionment Act
- (from the article "Southern Africa") ...to attract immigrants and raise revenue, even the limited African reserves that had been set aside at imperial insistence were a subject of constant contention. The crucial legislation was the ...
- Land Between the Lakes
- (from the article "Kentucky Lake") ...shoreline and is impounded on the Cumberland River by Barkley Dam, lies east of Kentucky Lake. A wooded isthmus of about 265 square miles (690 square km) between the two ...
- land breeze
- (from the article "climate") ...air mass and creates a zone of relatively higher pressure. This produces a circulation cell with air motions opposite to those found during the day. This flow from land to ...
- land bridge
- any of several isthmuses that have connected the Earth's major landmasses at various times, with the result that many species of plants and animals have extended their ranges to new ... [2 Related Articles]
- land captain
- (from the article "Tolstoy, Dmitry Andreyevich, Graf") ...strict censorship was placed on the press, and some newspapers and periodicals had to submit all copy to official censors before publication. In July 1889 the peasant townships were placed ...
- Land Charter of Bishop Arnold
- (from the article "Low Countries, history of") ...In Utrecht, too, there was cooperation between the prince (the bishop) and the estates; and the clergy, particularly the collegiate churches of the town of Utrecht, played an important part: ...
- Land Conference
- (from the article "O'Brien, William") ...to mediate between the Parnellites and their opponents, although he sided with the majority in rejecting Parnell's continued leadership of the Irish Home Rule struggle. In 1902 he supported the ...
- land crab
- any crab of the family Gecarcinidae (order Decapoda of the class Crustacea), typically terrestrial, square-bodied crabs that only occasionally, as adults, return to the sea. They occur in tropical America, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Land Dayak
- (from the article "Malaysia") Like the Iban, the Bidayuh originally came from regions that now lie in northwestern Indonesian Borneo; in Sarawak the Bidayuh homeland is in the far western portion of the state. ...
- land diving
- (from the article "Pentecost") ...fertile valleys, where copra and coffee are cultivated. Pentecost is known for a fertility ritual performed (usually at various times from April through May) to guarantee a good yam harvest; ...
- Land Law
- (from the article "Palestine") After 1840 the reforms the sultan promulgated gradually took effect in Palestine. Increased security in the countryside and the Ottoman Land Law of 1858 encouraged the development of private property, ...
- Land League
- Irish agrarian organization that worked for the reform of the country's landlord system under British rule. The league was founded in October 1879 by Michael Davitt, the son of an ... [6 Related Articles]
- land leech
- (from the article "leech") Aquatic leeches may feed on the blood of fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals, or they may eat snails, insect larvae, and worms. True land leeches feed only on the blood ...
- Land of Ten Thousand Sinks
- in west-central Kentucky, U.S., area of numerous sinkholes and caves in the Pennyrile (or Pennyroyal) region. The area includes the interconnected caves of Mammoth Cave National Park and Flint Ridge ... [1 Related Articles]
- land planning
- (from the article "garden and landscape design") ...Site planning involves plans for specific developments in which precise arrangements of buildings, roadways, utilities, landscape elements, topography, water features, and vegetation are shown. Land planning is for larger scale ...
- land pollution
- (from the article "pollution") Land pollution involves the deposition on land of solid wastes-e.g., used cars, cans, bottles, plastic containers, paper-that cannot be broken down quickly or, in some instances, cannot be broken down ...
- land rail
- (from the article "crake") The corncrake, or land rail (Crex crex), of Europe and Asia, migrating south to Africa, is a slightly larger brown bird with a rather stout bill and wings showing reddish ...
- land reclamation
- (from the article "Notable Civil Engineering Projects") ...and generally unsuitable for any immediate land use. Such spoil areas are now routinely reclaimed and permanent vegetation reestablished as an integral part of surface-mining operations. Generally, reclamation is performed ...
- land reform
- a purposive change in the way in which agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of cultivation that are employed, or the relation of agriculture to the rest of ... [39 Related Articles]
- Land Rover
- (from the article "materials science") ...with about 70 kilograms for the average automobile, and General Motors' Saturn, with an aluminum engine block and cylinder heads. These vehicles and others took their place alongside the British ...
- land snail
- any of the approximately 35,000 species of snails (phylum Mollusca) adapted to life away from water. Most species are members of the subclass Pulmonata (class Gastropoda); a few are members ... [5 Related Articles]
- land spirit
- (from the article "Germanic religion and mythology") A good deal is told of land spirits (landvoettir). According to the pre-Christian law of Iceland, no one must approach the land in a ship bearing a dragonhead, lest he ...
- land tax
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...The revival and rationalization of these ancient rights created an outcry. As early as 1604 Salisbury was examining proposals to commute these fiscal rights into an annual sum to be ...
- land tenure
- (from the article "farm management") In some of the developing countries, traditional patterns of land tenure and laws of inheritance may result in one farmer holding many quite small plots at some distance from each ...
- Land Tenure Act
- (from the article "Zimbabwe") ...city centres. The cities of Harare and Bulawayo therefore constitute studies in contrast, with impressive office buildings and quiet white suburbs partially ringed by crowded black townships. The Land Tenure ...
- Land Tenure Reform Association
- (from the article "Mill, John Stuart") ...1869 he published The Subjection of Women (written 1861), the classical theoretical statement of the case for woman suffrage. His last public activity was concerned with the starting of the ...
- land transportation
- (from the article "airport") An airport should always be considered an interchange where different modes of transportation connect. Since the airport itself is not a primary destination, consideration must be given to access by ...
- land treatment
- (from the article "environmental works") In some locations secondary effluent can be applied directly to the ground and a polished effluent obtained by natural processes as the wastewater flows over vegetation and percolates through the ...
- land use
- (from the article "Greece, history of") This geophysical structure also has affected land use. The highland regions are dominated by forest and woodland and the lower foothills by woodland, scrub, and rough pasture. Only the plains ...
- land warfare
- (from the article "tactics") This article discusses the tactics of land warfare. For treatment of tactics on sea, see naval warfare, and for tactics in air combat, see air warfare.
- land warrant
- (from the article "warrant") Other types of warrants include tax warrants, which provide the authority to collect taxes, and land warrants, transferable certificates issued by the government entitling the holder to a specific tract ...
- Land's End
- westernmost peninsula of the county of Cornwall, England. Composed of a granite mass, its tip is the southwesternmost point of England and lies about 870 miles (1,400 km) by road ... [1 Related Articles]
- Land, Edwin Herbert
- American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for developing and printing photographs culminated in a revolution in photography unparalleled since the advent of roll film. [3 Related Articles]
- Land, Michael F.
- (from the article "photoreception") Scallops (Pecten) have about 50-100 single-chambered eyes in which the image is formed not by a lens but by a concave mirror. In 1965 British neurobiologist Michael ...
- land-grant college
- any of numerous American institutions of higher learning that were established under the first Morrill Act (1862). This act was passed by the U.S. Congress and was named for the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Land-Without-Evil
- (from the article "Apapocuva") ...of each village was usually a successful shaman who advised his group according to the revelations of his dreams. In 1879, an entire village followed its shaman in an eastward ...
- Landa script
- (from the article "Gurmukhi alphabet") writing system developed by the Sikhs in India for their sacred literature. It seems to have been modified from the Landa script, which is used to write the Punjabi, Lahnda, ...
- Landa, Diego de
- Spanish Franciscan priest and bishop of Yucatan who is best known for his classic account of Mayan culture. [1 Related Articles]
- Landais, Pierre
- (from the article "Francis II") When Francis' chief counsellor, Pierre Landais, provoked the hatred of the Breton nobles by his persecution of the chancellor Guillaume Chauvin, the nobles, with the support of Anne of Beaujeu, ...
- Landau
- city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. Its location is picturesque, along the Queich River in the Haardt Mountains. The settlement was first mentioned in 1106, and an ... [1 Related Articles]
- landau
- four-wheeled carriage, invented in Germany, seating four people on two facing seats with an elevated front seat for the coachman. It was distinguished by two folding hoods, one at each ...
- Landau damping
- (from the article "plasma") ...Langmuir and Tonks. Even without particle collisions, waves shorter than the Debye length are heavily damped-i.e., their amplitude decreases rapidly with time. This phenomenon, called Landau damping, arises because some ...
- Landau straggling
- (from the article "radiation") ...between number of occurrences and some other variable). For short path lengths, such as those encountered in penetration of thin films, the emergent particles show a kind of energy straggling ...
- Landau, Ezekiel
- Polish rabbi, the learned author of a much-reprinted book on Jewish law (Halakha).
- Landau, Lev Davidovich
- Soviet theoretical physicist, one of the founders of the quantum theory of condensed matter whose pioneering research in this field was recognized with the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physics.
- Landau, Martin
- (from the article "1994: Best Supporting Actor") Other Nominees
- Landau, Zishe
- (from the article "Yiddish literature") Like the other poets of Di Yunge, Zishe Landau also turned from politicized poetry to individual experience. But, while his verses often probed feelings and psychological states in the first ...
- Landauer, Rolf William
- German-born American physicist whose discovery of what came to be known as Landauer's principle-that the erasing of computer information causes a loss of energy-led to the development of more efficient ...
- landaulet
- (from the article "landau") The landaulet, or landaulette, was a landau coupe, appearing as if the front were cut away, with a forward-facing seat for two people. It had an elevated coach seat for ...
- landay
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...ancestors in their ballads. Such popular poems often contain dialect expressions, and the metres differ from the classical quantitative system. Some of these simple verses, such as a two-line landay ...
- landed gentry
- (from the article "land reform") ...is to abolish feudalism, which usually means overthrowing the landlord class and transferring its powers to the reforming elite or its surrogates. If "foreigners" happen to be among the landlord ...
- Landen's theorem
- (from the article "Landen, John") ...elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1766. His researches on elliptic integrals are remembered for Landen's transformations which give a relationship between elliptic functions. The theorem ...
- Landen, John
- British mathematician who was trained as a surveyor and who made important contributions on elliptic integrals.
- Lander
- county, central Nevada, U.S. It is drained by the Humboldt and Reese rivers. The county is arid and is covered by the Shoshone and Toiyabe mountains, which include large segments ...
- Lander
- city, seat (1884) of Fremont county, west-central Wyoming, U.S., on the Popo Agie River, east of the Wind River Range, at an elevation of 5,360 feet (1,634 metres). Part of ...
- Lander, Harald
- Danish dancer and choreographer who was primarily responsible for rebuilding the faltering Royal Danish Ballet into a superb performing organization.
- Lander, John
- (from the article "Niger River") ...at Bussa (now covered by Lake Kainji). In 1822 another Scottish explorer, Alexander G. Laing, determined but did not visit the source of the river. In 1830 two English explorers, ...
- Lander, Richard Lemon
- British explorer of West Africa who traced the course of the lower Niger River to its delta. [2 Related Articles]
- Landers, Ann
- American advice columnist (b. July 4, 1918, Sioux City, Iowa-d. June 22, 2002, Chicago, Ill.), gave down-to-earth commonsense-and sometimes wisecracking-counsel to readers with a variety of problems that ranged from ...
- Landerziehungsheim
- (from the article "Lietz, Hermann") ...Cecil Reddie. Lietz was impressed by the Abbotsholme system of education, which combined comprehensive individual instruction with physical exercise and recreation. By 1904 he had founded three Landerziehungsheime (country boarding ...
- Landes
- (from the article "Aquitaine") ...region is the peak of Midi d'Ossau (9,465 feet [2,885 metres]). Most land, however, lies below 1,600 feet (500 metres), and a significant percentage is forested; Landes is one of ...
- Landes
- forest region bordering the Bay of Biscay in the Aquitaine Basin of southwestern France, extending northward to the Garonne Estuary and southward to the Adour River. With an area of ...
- Landesadel
- (from the article "Germany") ...distinct elements. The imperial knights (Reichsritter) held their estates as tenants in chief of the crown. The provincial nobility (Landesadel) had lost direct contact ...
- Landesbuhne
- (from the article "Lower Saxony") ...has a lively and well-subsidized cultural life. There are state theatres at Hannover, Oldenburg, and Braunschweig. Hannover, the state's cultural capital, boasts three other theatres, among them the Landesbuhne, which ...
- Landestopographie
- (from the article "map") ...Originally exclusively military, national survey organizations gradually became civilian in character. The Ordnance Survey of Britain, the Institut Geographique National of France, and the Landestopographie of Switzerland are examples.
- landfarming
- (from the article "environmental works") Biological treatment of certain organic wastes, such as those from the petroleum industry, is also an option. One method used to treat hazardous waste biologically is called landfarming. In this ...
- landform evolution
- (from the article "continental landform") Landform evolution is an expression that implies progressive changes in topography from an initial designated morphology toward or to some altered form. The changes can only occur in response to ...
- landgrave
- a title of nobility in Germany and Scandinavia, dating from the 12th century, when the kings of Germany attempted to strengthen their position in relation to that of the dukes ...
- Landgrebe, Ludwig
- (from the article "Phenomenology") Ludwig Landgrebe, who was Husserl's personal assistant for many years, published in 1938 Erfahrung und Urteil ("Experience and Judgment"), the first of Husserl's posthumous works devoted to the genealogy of ...
- Landi, Gaspare
- (from the article "painting, Western") ...amid ruins. The painter Domenico Corvi was influenced by both Batoni and Mengs and was important as the teacher of three of the leading Neoclassicists of the next generation: Giuseppe ...
- landing
- (from the article "airplane") ...in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust necessary to push the vehicle through the air. Provision must be made to support the plane when it is at ...
- landing craft
- small naval vessel used primarily to transport and tactically deploy soldiers, equipment, vehicles, and supplies from ship to shore for the conduct of offensive military operations. During World War II ...
- Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)
- (from the article "landing craft") The Navy undertook the design of an infantry landing craft with a shore-to-shore capability-that is, a seagoing vessel. The resulting Landing Craft, Infantry (Large), called the LCI, was a 158-foot ...
- Landing Craft, Tank
- (from the article "naval ship") A beaching craft of intermediate size, which the U.S. Navy called the LCT (landing craft, tank), was carried over oceanic distances and launched at the time of assault. The LCT ...
- Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel
- (from the article "landing craft") ...showed Higgins a picture of a Japanese landing craft with a ramp in the bow, and Higgins was asked to incorporate this design into his Eureka boat. He did so, ...
- landing gear
- (from the article "airplane") Another means of categorizing aircraft is by the type of gear used for takeoff and landing. In a conventional aircraft the gear consists of two primary wheels under the forward ...
- landing ship, dock
- (from the article "naval ship") ...LCT (landing craft, tank), was carried over oceanic distances and launched at the time of assault. The LCT was too large to fit the davit of a conventional transport, so ...
- landing ship, tank
- naval ship specially designed to transport and deploy troops, vehicles, and supplies onto foreign shores for the conduct of offensive military operations. LSTs were designed during World War II to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Landini cadence
- (from the article "Landini, Francesco") One distinctive cadence formula that was common in 14th-century music, particularly that of Landini, is known as the Landini cadence, in which the leading tone drops to the sixth of ...
- Landini, Francesco
- leading composer of 14th-century Italy, famed during his lifetime for his musical memory, his skill in improvisation, and his virtuosity on the organetto, or portative organ, as well as for ... [2 Related Articles]
- Landino, Cristoforo
- (from the article "Platonic Academy") ...and Lorenzo de' Medici, were Politian (or Poliziano), the outstanding poet and classical scholar of the Renaissance; the professor of poetry and oratory at the University of Florence, Cristofero Landino; ...
- Landis, Floyd
- (from the article "Cycling") In September, American Floyd Landis lost his appeal to the American Arbitration Association against a two-year suspension imposed following his positive test for testosterone during the 2006 Tour de France, ...
- Landis, Kenesaw Mountain
- American federal judge who, as the first commissioner of organized professional baseball, was noted for his uncompromising measures against persons guilty of dishonesty or other conduct he regarded as damaging ... [5 Related Articles]
- Landler
- traditional couple dance of Bavaria and Alpine Austria. To lively music in 34 time, the dancers turn under each other's arms using complicated arm and hand holds, dance back to ...
- landlord and tenant
- the parties to the leasing of real estate, whose relationship is bound by contract. The landlord, or lessor, as owner or possessor of a property-whether corporeal, such as lands or ... [7 Related Articles]
- Landlord's Game
- (from the article "Monopoly") ...unemployed heating engineer, sold the concept to Parker Brothers in 1935. Before then, homemade versions of a similar game had circulated in many parts of the United States. Most were ...
- Landmark Tower
- (from the article "Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area") ...purported by their builders to be earthquake-resistant. The largest cluster of skyscrapers rises to the west of Shinjuku station, although Yokohama boasts the tallest building in Japan: the 70-story Landmark ...
- Landmarker
- (from the article "American Baptist Association") ...1905 by Baptists who withdrew from the Southern Baptist Convention. Originally known as the Baptist General Association, the fellowship adopted its present name in 1924. It was a development of ...
- Landmarks Preservation Commission
- (from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") ...to the Whitney Museum in New York City had been criticized for requiring the demolition of a historic brownstone, but a revised design he made, which saved the house, was ...
- Landnamabok
- unique Icelandic genealogical record, probably originally compiled in the early 12th century by, at least in part, Ari Thorgilsson the Learned, though it exists in several versions of a later ... [3 Related Articles]
- Lando
- pope from July/August 913 to early 914. He reigned during one of the most difficult periods in papal history-from c. 900 to 950. The Holy See was then dominated by ...
- Landois, Leonard
- (from the article "blood group") In 1875 German physiologist Leonard Landois showed that, if the red blood cells of an animal belonging to one species are mixed with serum taken from an animal of another ...
- Landolt rings
- (from the article "eye, human") In the laboratory, visual acuity is measured by the Landolt C, which is a circle with a break in it. The subject is asked to state where the break is ...
- Landon, Alf
- governor of Kansas (1933-37) and unsuccessful U.S. Republican presidential candidate in 1936. [3 Related Articles]
- Landon, Letitia Elizabeth
- also called L.e.l. English poet and novelist who, at a time when women were conventionally restricted in their themes, wrote of passionate love. She is remembered for her high-spirited social ... [1 Related Articles]
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