| | - Kleitias
- Athenian vase painter and potter, one of the most outstanding masters of the Archaic period, the artist of the decorations on the Francois Vase. This vase, a volute krater painted ...
- Kleitman, Nathaniel
- Russian-born American physiologist who with one of his students, Eugene Aserinsky, first reported on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Kleitman's and Aserinsky's discovery of REM sleep in 1953 showed that ...
- Klem, Bill
- American professional baseball umpire of the National League who is considered by many the greatest umpire of all time. Klem is credited with the introduction of hand and arm signals ...
- Klemm, Gustav Friedrich
- German anthropologist who developed the concept of culture and is thought to have influenced the prominent English anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor. Klemm spent most of his life as director ...
- Klemp, Harold
- (from the article "ECKANKAR") When Twitchell died in 1971, he was succeeded by Darwin Gross, who in 1981 passed his authority to Harold Klemp. Shortly after Klemp assumed authority, religious studies scholar David Christopher ...
- Klemperer, Otto
- one of the outstanding German conductors of his time.
- Klemperer, Werner
- German-born American actor (b. March 22, 1920, Cologne, Ger.-d. Dec. 6, 2000, New York, N.Y.), earned fame for his portrayal of Nazi Colonel Klink, a bumbling German prison-camp commandant, on ...
- Klenze, Leo von
- German architect who was one of the most important figures associated with Neoclassicism in Germany. [2 Related Articles]
- Kleophrades Painter
- Attic vase painter, among the finest of the late Archaic period, son of the Amasis Potter and probably a student of the vase painter Euthymides. The Kleophrades Painter was the ... [1 Related Articles]
- klepht
- (from the article "armatole") ...they made treaties with the local armatoles, allowing them to continue in their police functions. Other Greeks, taking to the mountains, became unofficial, self-appointed armatoles and were known as klephts ...
- Klephtic ballad
- (from the article "Greece, history of") ...manifest symbols of Ottoman authority as tax collectors led to their being seen as acting on behalf of the Greeks against Ottoman oppressors. Certainly they are viewed in this light ...
- kleptomania
- recurrent compulsion to steal without regard to the value or use of the objects stolen. Although widely known and sometimes used as an attempted legal defense by arrested thieves, genuine ...
- Klerk, Michel de
- architect and leader of the school of Amsterdam, which stressed individualism, fantasy, and picturesqueness in its architectural design. De Klerk worked as a draftsman, then studied in Scandinavia, later returning ...
- Klerksdorp
- town and principal centre of the Klerksdorp-area goldfields, North-West province, South Africa. It lies approximately 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Johannesburg. The "old town," which was founded in 1837 ...
- Klesl, Melchior
- Austrian statesman, bishop of Vienna and later a cardinal, who tried to promote religious toleration during the Counter-Reformation in Austria. Converted from Protestantism by the Jesuits, he became an outstanding ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klesper, Ernst
- (from the article "chromatography") ...as mobile phases. A substance in this state is termed a supercritical fluid. At very high pressure, the density of the fluid can be 90 percent or more of the ...
- Klestil, Thomas
- Austrian diplomat and politician (b. Nov. 4, 1932, Vienna, Austria-d. July 6, 2004, Vienna), worked to earn international respect for Austria, serving as an ambassador, as foreign minister, and, finally, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kleutgen, Joseph
- (from the article "Scholasticism") ...by Enlightenment philosophy and German Idealism. This, in turn, gave rise in due time to the Neoscholasticism of the 19th century, one of the most effective promoters of which was ...
- Kleve
- city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies northwest of Dusseldorf, less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border. It is connected with ... [2 Related Articles]
- klezmer music
- genre of music derived from and built upon eastern European music in the Jewish tradition. The common usage of the term developed about 1980; historically, a klezmer (plural: klezmorim or ...
- Klic, Karl
- Czech graphic artist and printer who in 1878 invented the most precise and (despite its slowness) commercially successful method of photogravure printing. Later he was associated with the English printer ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klick, Frankie
- (from the article "Chocolate, Kid") ...champion by knocking out Russian-born American Benny Bass in the seventh round on July 15, 1931, and he held that title until Dec. 26, 1933, when he was knocked out ...
- Klieg light
- (from the article "motion-picture technology") ...came predominantly from the red end of the spectrum, to which the orthochromatic film of the era was relatively insensitive. After about 1912, white flame carbon arc instruments, such as ...
- KLIF
- (from the article "Gordon McLendon and KLIF") Gordon McLendon, the Texas broadcaster who is credited (along with Todd Storz and Bill Stewart) with the creation of Top 40 radio, owned KLIF in Dallas, Texas. In 1953 he ...
- Klima, Ivan
- Czech author whose fiction and plays were long banned by his country's communist rulers. [1 Related Articles]
- Klimt, Gustav
- Austrian painter and founder of the school of painting known as the Vienna Sezession. [3 Related Articles]
- Klimuk, Pyotr Ilyich
- Soviet cosmonaut who flew three times in space and was head of the Yury Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre near Moscow.
- Klin
- city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. First documented in 1234, it was for long a fort between the principalities of Moscow and Tver. In the 18th century, after a period ...
- Klin-Dmitrov Ridge
- (from the article "Moscow") ...(province), western Russia. The oblast surrounds and includes the city of Moscow, the capital of Russia. Moscow oblast was formed in 1929. The main feature of its relief is the ...
- Kline, Franz
- American artist who was one of the leading painters of the post-World War II Abstract Expressionist movement. [4 Related Articles]
- Kline, Kevin
- (from the article "1988: Best Supporting Actor") Other Nominees
- Klineberg, Otto
- (from the article "race") ...to the many discrepancies and contradictions of the tests. One of the first examples of empirical evidence against the "innate intelligence" arguments was the revelation by psychologist Otto Klineberg in ...
- Klinefelter's syndrome
- relatively common (one per 500 live male births) human sex-chromosome disorder. It is characterized by the following: small testes, lack of sperm formation, late puberty with reduced secondary sexual characteristics ... [8 Related Articles]
- Klingberg, Gote
- (from the article "children's literature") Children's literature in Sweden for centuries reflected that of Germany, of which Sweden was a cultural province during the Reformation and even through the Enlightenment period. The historian Gote Klingberg ...
- Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian von
- dramatist and novelist, a representative of the German literary revolt against rationalism in favour of emotionalism known as the Sturm und Drang (q.v.) movement. Indeed, it took its name from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Klinger, Georgette
- Czech-born American skin-care innovator (b. 1915, Brno, Czechoslovakia [now in the Czech Republic]-d. Jan. 9, 2004, New York, N.Y.), revolutionized the field of cosmetics and skin care by developing products ...
- Klinger, Max
- German painter, sculptor, and engraver, whose art of symbol, fantasy, and dreamlike situations belonged to the growing late 19th-century awareness of the subtleties of the mind. Klinger's visionary art has ... [1 Related Articles]
- klinokinesis
- (from the article "stereotyped response") ...include kineses-undirected speeding or slowing of the rate of locomotion or frequency of change from rest to movement (orthokinesis) or of frequency or amount of turning of the whole animal ...
- klinotaxis
- (from the article "stereotyped response") Klinotaxis is the achievement of orientation by alternate lateral movements of part or all of a body; there appears to occur a comparison of intensities of stimulation between one position ...
- Klinovec, Mount
- (from the article "Ore Mountains") ...km). The Bohemian (southeastern) side of the range has a steep scarp face (2,000 to 2,500 feet [600 to 750 metres] high in places); the outer slope to the northwest ...
- Klint, Kaare
- Danish architect and celebrated furniture designer who originated the highly influential modern Scandinavian style, which notably enlarged the vocabulary of progressive design. He was also a leading exponent of ergonomics, ...
- Klint, P. V. Jensen
- (from the article "Klint, Kaare") The son of P.V. Jensen Klint, considered Denmark's leading early 20th-century architect, Kaare worked first as an architect but later as a furniture designer. He founded (1924) the Danish Academy ...
- klippe
- (from the article "nappe") ...in topographic basins or deep, V-shaped valleys. Elsewhere, an eroded, isolated remnant of the older rock or nappe may be completely surrounded by the younger, underlying rock; this is known ...
- Klipschorn
- (from the article "electromechanical transducer") ...systems, open-air theatres, or other places in which great acoustic power is desired. Because a good quality bass horn enclosure is very large, such devices often use bent or folded ...
- klipspringer
- (Oreotragus oreotragus), surefooted African antelope, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), inhabiting rocky heights north to Ethiopia and Nigeria. The klipspringer stands about 55 centimetres (22 inches) at the shoulder. It has ...
- Klipspruit
- (from the article "Johannesburg") ...influenced by new currents in eugenics and city planning, attacked what they took to be the sources of urban disorder. In 1904, blacks living near the city centre were forcibly ...
- klismos
- light, elegant chair developed by the ancient Greeks. Perfected by the 5th century BC and popular throughout the 4th century BC, the klismos had four curving, splayed legs and curved ... [4 Related Articles]
- Klitschko, Vitali
- (from the article "Boxing") The retirement of World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight titleholder Vitali Klitschko (Ukraine) on Nov. 9, 2005, ended an uneventful year for the sport's so-called glamour division, which had been in ...
- Klitschko, Wladimir
- (from the article "Boxing") The heavyweight division took a back seat to the lighter weight classes, as the alphabet titles remained split between three uninspiring fighters. Wladimir Klitschko (Ukraine), considered the best of a ...
- Klitzing, Klaus von
- German physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1985 for his discovery that under appropriate conditions the resistance offered by an electrical conductor is quantized; that is, ... [1 Related Articles]
- KLM
- Dutch airline founded on October 7, 1919, and flying its first scheduled service, between Amsterdam and London, on May 17, 1920. It is the world's oldest continuously operating airline. Headquarters ... [4 Related Articles]
- Klochkova, Yana
- Ukrainian swimmer, who in 2004 became the first woman to win consecutive pairs of Olympic gold medals in the same events-the 200-metre and 400-metre individual medleys. Known as the "Medley ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klodzko
- city, Dolnoslaskie wojewodztwo (province), southwestern Poland, in the Sudety (Sudeten) mountains on both sides of the Nysa Klodzka River. A Polish frontier settlement existed there from the ...
- Klofac, Vaclav
- (from the article "Czechoslovak region, history of") ...and economic stratification also sped the decline of the Young Czechs. They unsuccessfully courted industrial workers, who were more attracted by the Social Democrats and voted for their candidates. Vaclav ...
- kloketen
- (from the article "Ona") ...the Patagonian and Pampean hunters more than that of their immediate neighbours of the Chilean archipelago except for social and religious ceremonials. The Ona celebrated male initiation rites, kloketen; secrets ...
- Klokotnitsa, Battle of
- (from the article "Epirus, despotate of") ...rivals, John III Vatatzes, emperor of Nicaea (now Iznik, Turkey), and John Asen II of Bulgaria, attacked him from the east and north; John Asen II defeated and captured Theodore ...
- Klokotrizam
- (from the article "Serbian literature") ...A Tomb for Boris Davidovich), in which pseudo-biographical stories of communist revolutionaries and victims of the Stalinist purges crossed the line between fiction and factuality. The Klokotrizam group experimented with ...
- klompen
- (from the article "sabot") heavy work shoe worn by European peasants, especially in France and the Low Countries. There are two kinds of sabots: one is shaped and hollowed from a single piece of ...
- klondike
- (from the article "solitaire") Probably the best-known solitaire, long before it hit computer screens as part of a standard software package, is known as klondike in the United States and (mistakenly) canfield in Britain. ...
- Klondike Beach
- (from the article "Canaveral, Cape") ...on the east and Mosquito Lagoon (all of which is within the national seashore boundaries) on the west. Apollo Beach, the northernmost, is accessible from New Smyrna Beach and has ...
- Klondike River
- tributary of the Yukon River, in western Yukon Territory, Canada. With its major tributary, the North Klondike, it rises in the Ogilvie Mountains and flows westward for 100 mi (160 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Klong River
- (from the article "Khwae Noi River") tributary of the Mae Klong River, flowing wholly in western Thailand. It rises near Three Pagodas Pass (Phra Chedi Sam Ong) on the mountainous Myanmar-Thailand border and runs southeast, parallel ...
- Klong-chen rab-'byams-pa
- (from the article "Buddhism") One of the most profound thinkers of the Rnying-ma-pa tradition, Klong-chen rab-'byams-pa (1308-63), is the author of the Klong-chen-mdzod-bdun (Tibetan: "Seven Treasures of Klong-chen"). In modern times Mi-'pham of Khams ...
- Klonk
- (from the article "Silurian Period") ...and trilobite taxa) as the base of the Devonian System. The top of the Silurian System is constrained by this golden spike, which has its stratotype at a designated horizon ...
- Klonowic, Sebastian
- Polish poet whose work in Latin and Polish is valuable chiefly as cultural history. [1 Related Articles]
- Kloos, Willem
- Dutch poet and critic who was the driving intellectual force of the 1880 Dutch literary revival and the cofounder and mainstay of its periodical, De nieuwe gids ("The New Guide"). ...
- Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb
- German epic and lyric poet whose subjective vision marked a break with the rationalism that had dominated German literature in the early 18th century. [4 Related Articles]
- Klos, Elmar
- Czech filmmaker (b. Jan. 26, 1910, Brno, Moravia, Austria-Hungary--d. July 19, 1993, Prague, Czech Republic), collaborated with the Hungarian-born director Jan Kadar on some of the finest motion pictures in ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kloss's gibbon
- (from the article "gibbon") ...and the female buff with a black cap and chest patch. The difference in colour comes about with age; the juveniles are buff and both sexes darken with age, but ...
- Klosterneuburg
- town, northeastern Austria. It lies on the west bank of the Danube River at the foot of the Leopoldsberg (1,394 feet [425 metres]) and at the north edge of the ...
- Klosterneuburg, Abbey Church of
- (from the article "Nicholas Of Verdun") The altarpiece (1181) of the Abbey Church of Klosterneuburg, Austria, is his best known work and reveals his absolute mastery of metalworking and the technique of champleve enamelling, in which ...
- Kluane National Park and Reserve
- national park in southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. The park is a vast mountain wilderness area with extensive ice fields, located 98 miles (158 km) west of Whitehorse. It borders the ...
- Kluck, Alexander von
- German general who, in World War I, commanded the 1st Army in the German offensive against Paris at the beginning of the war. [2 Related Articles]
- Kluckhohn, Clyde K.M.
- American professor of anthropology at Harvard University, who contributed to anthropology in a number of ways: by his ethnographic studies of the Navajo; by his theories of culture, partial-value systems, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kluft, Carolina Evelyn
- [2 Related Articles]
- Klug, Aaron
- British chemist who was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his investigations of the three-dimensional structure of viruses and other particles that are combinations of nucleic acids and ...
- Kluge, Gunther von
- German field marshal who was one of Adolf Hitler's ablest commanders on the Eastern Front during World War II. Later he played a vacillating role in the conspiracy of 1944 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Kluge, John W.
- (from the article "Congress, Library of") ...cartographer Martin Waldseemuller that first used the word "America") and initiatives such as the annual National Book Festival (launched in 2001). The council's first chairman, John W. Kluge, also endowed ...
- Klushino, Battle of
- (from the article "Poland") ...its Time of Troubles. The support extended by some Polish magnates to the False Dmitry (who claimed to be the son of Ivan the Terrible) eventually embroiled Poland in hostilities. ...
- Kluver, Heinrich
- German-born U.S. experimental psychologist and neurologist who made many contributions to the understanding of the relationships between the brain and behaviour. His investigations ranged from photographic visual memory in children ...
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome
- (from the article "Kluver, Heinrich") ...at the University of Chicago (1933-63), Kluver wrote Behavior Mechanisms in Monkeys (1933), a work that had far-reaching influence on behavioral and neurological research. The Kluver-Bucy syndrome refers to the ...
- klystron
- thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons. The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several ... [8 Related Articles]
- Klyuchevskaya Volcano
- active volcano of the Kamchatka Peninsula, far eastern Russia. It is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world, rising to a height of 15,584 feet (4,750 m), the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klyuchevsky, Vasily Osipovich
- Russian historian whose sociological approach to the study of Russia's past and lively writing and lecturing style made him one of the foremost scholars of his time.
- Kmart
- major American retail chain with a history of marketing general merchandise primarily through discount and variety stores. [3 Related Articles]
- Knaben Wunderhorn, Des
- (1805-08; German: "The Boy's Magic Horn"), anthology of German folk songs, subtitled Alte deutsche Lieder ("Old German Songs"), that established its editors, the poet Clemens Brentano and the antiquarian Achim ... [4 Related Articles]
- Knabenschiessen
- (from the article "Zurich") The city has traditional annual festivals: the Sechselauten in April, with a guild procession and the ceremonial burning of a snowman, and the Knabenschiessen in September, a sharpshooting contest for ...
- Knapp, James
- British labour leader (b. Sept. 29, 1940, Hurlford, Ayrshire, Scot.-d. Aug. 13, 2001), was, from 1983, general secretary of the U.K.'s largest railway workers' federation, the National Union of Railwaymen ...
- Knapp, Seaman Asahel
- American agriculturist who originated the method in which an expert demonstrates, farm by farm, new agricultural discoveries and technologies.
- Knappertsbusch, Hans
- German orchestral and opera director best remembered for his interpretations of the music of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.
- knapweed
- (from the article "basket-flower") ...also are cultivated as garden ornamentals, especially cornflower (C. cyanus), dusty miller (C. cineraria and C. gymnocarpa), and sweet sultan (C. moschata). Knapweed (C. nigra) is a hairy perennial weed ...
- Knared, Peace of
- (from the article "Sweden") ...of the territory (Russian and other) south of the Gulf of Finland. Sweden thus was susceptible to Danish attack, which came in 1611 and began the so-called Kalmar War, a ...
- Knaresborough
- town ("parish"), Harrogate borough, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It lies on the left bank of the River Nidd where the river has cut ...
- Knatchbull-Hugessen, Sir Hughe Montgomery
- (from the article "Cicero") one of the most famous spies of World War II, who worked for Nazi Germany in 1943-44 while he was employed as valet to Sir Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, British ambassador ...
- Knausgard, Karl Ove
- (from the article "Literature") ...was awarded the Brage Prize for Presten, which followed a chaplain pondering how to comprehend the truth and communicate it to others. Fulfilling the expectations raised by his debut novel, ...
- knave noddy
- (from the article "cribbage") ...If the starter is a jack, dealer immediately pegs (scores) two points, called "two for his heels." If the starter is any other card, the jack of that suit-formerly called ...
- Kneale, Nigel
- British scriptwriter (b. April 28, 1922, Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire, Eng.-d. Oct. 29, 2006, London, Eng.), introduced science fiction to British television in the 1950s, notably as the author of the wildly ...
- Knebel, Karl Ludwig von
- German poet who was a close friend of J.W. von Goethe and was one of the most talented of the Weimar circle of Neoclassicists.
- knebelite
- (from the article "olivine") ...is soluble in all proportions with ash-gray tephroite (from Greek tephros, "ashen"), pure manganese silicate (Mn2SiO4); the intermediate in the series is knebelite (FeMnSiO4). Tephroite and knebelite come from manganese ...
- knee
- hinge joint that is formed by the meeting of the thigh bone (femur) and the larger bone (tibia) of the lower leg. The knee is the largest joint in the ... [4 Related Articles]
- knee-jerk reflex
- sudden kicking movement of the lower leg in response to a sharp tap on the patellar tendon, which lies just below the kneecap. One of the several positions that a ... [3 Related Articles]
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