| | - kiva
- subterranean ceremonial and social chamber built by the Pueblo Indians of the southwestern United States, particularly notable for the colourful mural paintings decorating the walls. [4 Related Articles]
- KIVCET process
- (from the article "metallurgy") Two newer processes for the direct reduction of unroasted lead sulfide concentrate are the QSL (Queneau-Schuhmann-Lurgi) and the KIVCET (a Russian acronym for "flash-cyclone-oxygen-electric smelting"). In the QSL reactor a ...
- kivela
- (Zulu: "to climb"), popular urban dance music of South Africa. Coined by Elkin Sithole in the 1940s to refer to choral response in Zulu vocal music, the term kivela had ...
- Kivi, Aleksis
- father of the Finnish novel and drama and the creator of Finland's modern literary language. [1 Related Articles]
- Kivu, Lake
- one of the great lakes of East Africa, situated between Congo (Kinshasa) to the west and Rwanda to the east. Lying at 4,790 feet (1,460 m) above sea level, it ... [6 Related Articles]
- Kiwai Island
- (from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") On Kiwai, the large island at the mouth of the Fly River, initiation was marked by the display of naturalistic, almost life-size figures of ancestral men and women. Their heads ...
- Kiwalao
- (from the article "Kamehameha I") At the death of King Kalaniopuu in 1782, the island of Hawaii was divided between his son, Kiwalao, and his nephew, Kamehameha. Despite jealousy between the two cousins, relations were ...
- Kiwanis International
- worldwide community-service organization for men and women that was founded in Detroit, Mich., in 1915. In the late 20th century it had more than 300,000 members in about 8,000 clubs ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kiwanuku, Benedicto
- (from the article "Uganda") ...intermittently pressed for independence from Uganda, which raised the question of the protectorate's future status. Discussions in London in 1961 led to full internal self-government in March 1962. Benedicto Kiwanuka, ...
- Kiwanuku, Saint Achilles
- (from the article "Uganda, Martyrs of") ...were imprisoned for a week. With the exception of St. Mbaga-Tuzinde, who was bludgeoned by his own father, the pages were burned alive on June 3, 1886: Saints Ambrose Kibuka, ...
- kiwi
- any of five species of flightless birds belonging to the genus Apteryx and found in New Zealand. The name is a Maori word referring to the shrill call of the ... [3 Related Articles]
- kiwi
- edible fruit of the vine Actinidia chinensis (family Actinidiaceae). The plant is native to China and Taiwan and is now grown commercially in New Zealand and California. The egg-shaped kiwi ...
- Kiy
- (from the article "Kiev") ...to the 12th-century chronicle Povest vremennykh let ("Tale of Bygone Years," also known as the The Russian Primary Chronicle), Kiev was founded by three brothers, Kiy, Shchek, and Khoriv, leaders ...
- kiyoseho
- (from the article "Jocho") great Japanese Buddhist sculptor who developed and perfected so-called kiyoseho, or joined-wood techniques.
- Kiyotsugu Hirayama
- (from the article "asteroid") In 1918 the Japanese astronomer Hirayama Kiyotsugu recognized clustering in three of the orbital elements (semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination) of various asteroids. He speculated that objects sharing these elements ...
- Kiyowara family
- (from the article "Minamoto Yoshiie") Twenty years after this war, the Kiyowara family, which had aided the Minamoto family in the Earlier Nine Years' War, began to challenge Minamoto rule in northern Japan. In a ...
- Kizel
- city, Perm oblast (province), west-central Russia. It lies on the western slope of the Ural Mountains, along the Kizel River. Founded in 1788, it developed in the 1890s following the ...
- Kizen
- (from the article "Shinto") ...and also tried to formulate a pure Japanese version. Watarai Shinto appeared in Ise during the 13th century as a reaction against the Shinto-Buddhist amalgamation. Konton (chaos), or Kizen (non-being), ...
- Kizer, Carolyn
- American poet whose work reflects her involvement in feminist and human rights activities. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1985 for her collection Yin: New Poems (1984).
- kizewamono
- (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...social conditions that prevailed as the feudal system in Japan neared its collapse. Thieves, whores, murderers, pimps, and ruthless masterless samurai are major figures in a new type of play, ...
- Kizhi Island
- island in Lake Onega, Karelia republic, northwestern Russia. The island, whose name originates from kizharsuari ("island of games"), was located on the important 14th-century trade route from the town of ...
- Kizil Adalar
- group of nine islands (adalar) in the Sea of Marmara a few miles southeast of Istanbul; they are part of Turkey. There are permanent inhabitants on the smallest island, Sedef ...
- Kizil River
- river, the longest wholly within Turkey. It rises in the Kizil Mountains (kizil, "red") in north-central Anatolia at an elevation of about 6,500 feet (1,980 m) and flows southwest, past ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kizilbash
- ("Red Head"), any member of the seven Turkmen tribes who wore red caps to signify their support of the founders of the Safavid dynasty (1501-1736) in Iran. The name was ... [5 Related Articles]
- Kizim, Leonid D.
- (from the article "International space endurance records") ...(43 feet) long and 4.2 metres (13.8 feet) in diameter at its widest point. The module had a docking port at each end and four ports sited radially at its ...
- Kizito, Saint
- (from the article "Uganda, Martyrs of") ...by his own father, the pages were burned alive on June 3, 1886: Saints Ambrose Kibuka, Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Achilles Kiwanuka, Mugagga, Mukasa Kiriwawanvu, Adolphus Mukasa Ludigo, Gyavira, and Kizito. The ...
- Kizzuwadna
- Hurrian kingdom of southeastern Anatolia near the Gulf of Iskenderun in present-day Turkey. Kizzuwadna concluded a treaty with the Hittite kingdom in the late 16th century BC and remained a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kjarval, Johannes Sveinsson
- (from the article "Iceland") ...Catholic church and later with the Lutheran church. The first professional secular painters appeared in Iceland in the 19th century. Gradually increasing in number, these painters-such as Johannes Sveinsson Kjarval, ...
- Kjeldahl method
- in analytical chemistry, procedure widely used for estimating the nitrogen content of foodstuffs, fertilizers, and other substances, invented in 1883 by a Danish chemist, Johan G.C.T. Kjeldahl. The method consists ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kjellen, Rudolf
- Swedish political scientist and politician whose conservative theory of the state was influential beyond the borders of Sweden. [1 Related Articles]
- Kjus, Lasse
- When Norwegian Alpine skier Lasse Kjus clutched the World Cup crystal globe on March 15, 1999, in Sierra Nevada, Spain, he had done more than simply claim the overall title ...
- Klaassen, Jan
- (from the article "puppetry") ...at the end of the 18th century, a great many local puppet heroes displaced the descendants of Pulcinella throughout Europe: in France it was Guignol, in Germany Kasperl, in the ...
- Klabat, Mount
- (from the article "Sulawesi Utara") Most of the province is mountainous, with extensive uplifting and faulting, and has many active volcanoes, notably Mount Soputan. Mount Klabat on the Minahasa Peninsula rises to an elevation of ...
- klaberjass
- two-player trick-taking card game, of Dutch origin but especially popular in Hungary (as klob) and in Jewish communities throughout the world. From it derives belote, the French national card game. [1 Related Articles]
- Klabund
- Expressionist poet, playwright, and novelist who influenced German literature with his adaptations and translations of Oriental literature. Notable among his free, imaginative renderings of Chinese, Japanese, and Persian literature are ...
- Kladno
- mining city, north-central Czech Republic, northwest of Prague. The two original forest villages of Kladno and Bustehrad developed after 1842 as the industrial centre of the Kladno hard-coal basin. There ... [1 Related Articles]
- klado-borane
- (from the article "borane") ...(Greek, meaning "to weave" or "a net"), the most open clusters, with boron atoms occupying n corners of an (n + 3)-cornered closo-polyhedron; and (5) klado- (Greek, meaning "branch"), n ...
- Klafsky, Katharina
- Hungarian dramatic soprano known for her interpretations of roles in Richard Wagner's operas.
- Klagenfurt
- city, capital of Karnten Bundesland (federal state), southern Austria. It lies along the Glan River in a basin east of Worther Lake and north of the Karawanken Mountains. Founded in ...
- Klages, Ludwig
- German psychologist and philosopher, distinguished in the field of characterology. He was also a founder of modern graphology (handwriting analysis). [1 Related Articles]
- Klaipeda
- city and port, Lithuania. It lies on the narrow channel by which the Curonian Lagoon and the Neman River connect with the Baltic Sea. Beside a small earlier settlement, the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Klaj, Johann
- German poet who helped make mid-17th-century Nurnberg a centre of German literature. [1 Related Articles]
- Klamath
- (from the article "Modoc and Klamath") two neighbouring North American Indian tribes who lived in what are now south-central Oregon and northern California, spoke related languages (or dialects) of Penutian stock, and shared many cultural traits. ...
- Klamath Falls
- city, seat (1882) of Klamath county, southern Oregon, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Upper Klamath Lake, in the foothills of the Cascade Range. Once the territory of ...
- Klamath Mountains
- segment of the Pacific mountain system (q.v.) of western North America. The range extends southward for about 250 miles (400 km) from the foothills south of the Willamette Valley in ... [3 Related Articles]
- Klamath River
- river rising in Upper Klamath Lake just above Klamath Falls, Ore., U.S. It flows south for 1.25 miles (2 km) as the Link River to Lake Ewauna, where it emerges ...
- Klamath-Modoc language
- (from the article "Penutian languages") ...five Miwokan languages, plus three extinct Costanoan languages), Sahaptin (two languages), Yakonan (two extinct languages), Yokutsan (three languages), and Maiduan (four languages)-plus Klamath-Modoc, Cayuse (extinct), Molale (extinct), Coos, Takelma (extinct), ...
- Klammer, Franz
- Austrian Alpine skier who specialized in the downhill event, winning 25 World Cup downhill races in his career. He won the gold medal in the downhill event at the 1976 ...
- Klang
- city and port, west-central Peninsular (West) Malaysia. It lies on the Kelang River and the 40-mile (64-km) Kuala Lumpur-Port Kelang railway. The city is an administrative centre of a rubber- ...
- Klangfarbenmelodie
- (from the article "scale") ...the development of technical proficiency on a musical instrument. "Scale" can refer in rare instances to the ordering of some musical element other than pitch. An example is the term ...
- Klapka, Gyorgy
- soldier and Hungarian nationalist, one of the leaders in the revolutionary war of 1848-49.
- Klapperstein
- (from the article "Mulhouse") ...War (1871) and was reunited to France in 1918. Its most noteworthy ancient building is the 16th-century Hotel de Ville (town hall), covered with mural paintings. A reproduction of the ...
- Klaproth, Heinrich Julius
- German Orientalist and explorer whose major work, Asia polyglotta nebst Sprachatlas (1823; "Asia Polyglotta with Language Atlas"), is one of the important early surveys of Oriental languages, notably the Caucasian ...
- Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
- German chemist who discovered uranium (1789), zirconium (1789), and cerium (1803). He described them as distinct elements, though he did not obtain them in the pure metallic state. [5 Related Articles]
- Klar River
- (from the article "Sweden") ...chief rivers originate in the mountains of Norrland, mostly flowing southeastward with many falls and rapids and emptying into the Gulf of Bothnia or the Baltic Sea. The longest, however, ...
- Klarsfeld, Beate and Serge
- wife-and-husband team resident in Paris, internationally noted for their anti-Nazi and pro-Israel activities.
- Klarsfeld, Beate Kunzel
- (from the article "Klarsfeld, Beate and Serge") Beate Kunzel, born a German Protestant, quit her secretarial job in Berlin at age 21, moved to Paris to study French, and met Serge Klarsfeld, whom she married in 1963. ...
- Klarsfeld, Serge
- (from the article "Klarsfeld, Beate and Serge") Beate Kunzel, born a German Protestant, quit her secretarial job in Berlin at age 21, moved to Paris to study French, and met Serge Klarsfeld, whom she married in 1963. ...
- Klasies
- site of paleoanthropological excavations carried out since the late 1960s within a complex of South African coastal caves. Usually referred to as Klasies River Mouth, the site has yielded some ... [4 Related Articles]
- Klassen, Cindy
- Canadian speed skater who captured five medals at the 2006 Winter Games in Turin, Italy, the most won by a Canadian athlete at a single Olympics. [4 Related Articles]
- Klau Library
- (from the article "Hebrew Union College") The Klau Library at Cincinnati has one of the most extensive compilations of Hebraica and Judaica in the United States, including outstanding collections on Benedict de Spinoza, Jewish sacred music, ...
- Klaus, Josef
- Austrian politician (b. Aug. 15, 1910, Mauthen, Austria, Austria-Hungary-d. July 26, 2001, Vienna, Austria), as chairman of the centre-right People's Party (OVP), was Austria's chancellor in an uneasy coalition with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Klaus, Karl Karlovich
- Russian chemist (of German origin) credited with the discovery of ruthenium in 1844. [2 Related Articles]
- Klaus, Vaclav
- (from the article "Czech Republic") Area: 78,866 sq km (30,450 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 10,302,000 | Capital: Prague | Chief of state: President Vaclav Klaus | Head of government: Prime Minister Mirek Topolanek ...
- Klausenberg, Georg von
- (from the article "metalwork") ...bronze figures were still rare in northern Europe at this time. Thus, the full-length equestrian statue of St. George (1373) on Hradcany Castle in Prague, which was cast by Martin ...
- Klausenberg, Martin von
- (from the article "metalwork") ...monumental bronze figures were still rare in northern Europe at this time. Thus, the full-length equestrian statue of St. George (1373) on Hradcany Castle in Prague, which was cast by ...
- Kle
- town, western Liberia. It is a traditional trading centre among the Gola people. The B.F. Goodrich Company, Liberia, Inc., established a plantation, hospital, power plant, housing, schools, and roads to ...
- Kleber, Jean-Baptiste
- French general of the Revolutionary wars who suppressed the counterrevolutionary uprising in the Vendee area of western France in 1793. He later played a prominent role in Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klebnikov, Paul
- (from the article "Russia") ...several high-profile criminal cases, including the 2006 murders of investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya and Russian Central Bank First Deputy Chairman Andrey Kozlov and the 2004 killing of Paul Klebnikov, the ...
- Klebs, Edwin
- German physician and bacteriologist noted for his work on the bacterial theory of infection. With Friedrich August Johannes Loffler in 1884, he discovered the diphtheria bacillus, known as the Klebs-Loffler ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klebsiella
- genus of rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella organisms are categorized microbiologically as gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae, also called Friedlander's bacillus, can infect the human respiratory ...
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- (from the article "Klebsiella") genus of rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella organisms are categorized microbiologically as gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae, also called Friedlander's bacillus, can infect the human respiratory ...
- Klee, Paul
- Swiss painter who was one of the foremost artists of the 20th century. [11 Related Articles]
- Kleene, Stephen Cole
- American mathematician and logician whose work on recursion theory helped lay the foundations of theoretical computer science. [1 Related Articles]
- Kleiber, Carlos
- German-born conductor (b. July 3, 1930, Berlin, Ger.-d. July 13, 2004, Slovenia), was widely regarded as one of the most important opera and symphony concert conductors of the latter half ...
- Kleiber, Erich
- Austrian conductor who performed many 20th-century works but was especially known for his performances of works by W.A. Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Richard Wagner, and Richard Strauss and for his ...
- Kleihues, Josef
- (from the article "Architecture and Civil Engineering") ...as his Haystack Mountain School of Craft in Maine. Pierre Koenig, 78 (see Obituaries), died in April. He was a designer of classic Modernist houses in southern ...
- Klein bottle
- topological space, named for the German mathematician Felix Klein, obtained by identifying two ends of a cylindrical surface in the direction opposite that is necessary to obtain a torus. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- Klein Schellendorf, Truce of
- (from the article "Silesian Wars") ...II the Great of Prussia invaded the Austrian province in December 1740 and, after several months of warding off Austrian counterattacks, was left in virtual control of Silesia by the ...
- Klein, A.M.
- Canadian poet whose verse reflects his strong involvement with Jewish culture and history. He was a member of the Montreal group, a coterie of poets who, influenced by the poets ... [2 Related Articles]
- Klein, Calvin
- American fashion designer noted for his womenswear, menswear, jeans, cosmetics and perfumes, bed and bath linens, and other collections.
- Klein, Cesar
- (from the article "Novembergruppe") group of artists from many media formed in Berlin in December 1918 by Max Pechstein and Cesar Klein.
- Klein, Felix
- German mathematician whose unified view of geometry as the study of the properties of a space that are invariant under a given group of transformations, known as the [8 Related Articles]
- Klein, George S.
- (from the article "personality") The American psychologists George S. Klein and Herman Witkin in the 1940s and '50s were able to show that several cognitive controls were relatively stable over a class of situations ...
- Klein, Lawrence Robert
- American economist whose work in developing macroeconometric models for national, regional, and world economies won him the 1980 Nobel Prize for Economics.
- Klein, Melanie
- nee Reizes Austrian-born British psychoanalyst known for her work with young children, in which observations of free play provided insights into the child's unconscious fantasy life, enabling her to psychoanalyze ...
- Klein, Oskar
- (from the article "subatomic particle") ...the weak force in terms of the same intermediary that is responsible for the nuclear binding force, but this approach did not work. A few years after Yukawa published his ...
- Klein, Yves
- French artist associated with the Parisian Nouveau Realisme movement championed by the French critic Pierre Restany. The only painter in the founding group, Klein was a highly influential artist whose ...
- Klein-Beltrami model
- (from the article "non-Euclidean geometry") ...In 1869-71 Beltrami and the German mathematician Felix Klein developed the first complete model of hyperbolic geometry (and first called the geometry "hyperbolic"). In the Klein-Beltrami model (shown in the ...
- Klein-Nishina formula
- (from the article "radiation") The differential cross section for the Compton process was derived by the Swedish physicist Oskar Klein and the Japanese physicist Yoshio Nishina. The Klein-Nishina formula shows almost symmetrical scattering for ...
- Kleinbasel
- (from the article "Basel") The Rhine, bending northward, divides the city into two parts, linked by six bridges. Kleinbasel, to the north, is the Rhine port and industrial section, with the buildings of the ...
- Kleindeutsch
- (from the article "Austria") ...German, position). Those against contended that the Austrian monarchy could never divide itself along ethnic lines and so favoured the exclusion of Austria altogether (the Kleindeutsch, or ...
- Kleindienst, Richard Gordon
- American government official and attorney (b. Aug. 5, 1923, Winslow, Ariz.-d. Feb. 3, 2000, Prescott, Ariz.), served as U.S. attorney general under Pres. Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1973; he ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kleine-Levin syndrome
- (from the article "sleep") ...Narcoleptic and hypersomniac symptoms can be managed by administration of drugs. Several forms of hypersomnia are periodic rather than chronic. One rare disorder of periodically excessive sleep, the Kleine-Levin syndrome, ...
- Kleinmeister
- group of engravers, working mostly in Nurnberg in the second quarter of the 16th century, whose forms and subjects were influenced by the works of Albrecht Durer. Their engravings were ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kleinow, Pete
- American pedal-steel guitarist was an original member-with Chris Hillman, Chris Ethridge, and Gram Parsons-of the Flying Burrito Brothers, a popular musical group of the late 1960s and '70s that ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kleinschmidt, Samuel
- (from the article "Eskimo-Aleut languages") In 1851 Samuel Kleinschmidt, a German missionary of the Moravian Brethren, systematized the Greenlandic orthography, introducing a special letter and three accents to represent the distinctive sounds of the language. ...
- Kleist, E Georg von
- German administrator and cleric who discovered (1745) the Leyden jar, a fundamental electric circuit element for storing electricity, now usually referred to as a capacitor. The device was independently discovered ... [3 Related Articles]
- Kleist, Ewald Christian von
- German lyric poet best known for his long poem Der Fruhling, which, with its realistically observed details of nature, contributed to the development of a new poetic style.
- Kleist, Heinrich von
- German dramatist, among the greatest of the 19th century. Poets of the Realist, Expressionist, Nationalist, and Existentialist movements in France and Germany saw their prototype in Kleist, a poet whose ... [3 Related Articles]
- Kleist, Paul Ludwig von
- German general during World War II. [2 Related Articles]
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