| | - Kirby, William
- writer whose historical novel The Golden Dog (1877, authorized version 1896) is a classic of Canadian literature. [1 Related Articles]
- Kirby-Smith, E.
- Confederate general during the American Civil War (1861-65) who controlled the area west of the Mississippi River for the Confederacy for almost two years after it had been severed from ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kircher, Athanasius
- Jesuit priest and scholar, sometimes called the last Renaissance man, important for his prodigious activity in disseminating knowledge. [9 Related Articles]
- Kirchhof, Paul
- (from the article "Germany") ...CSU leader Edmund Stoiber had been the Union's unsuccessful candidate for chancellor in 2002; he stirred up problems for the Union by making critical statements about the eastern electorate. Paul ...
- Kirchhoff's circuit rules
- two statements about multi-loop electric circuits that embody the laws of conservation of electric charge and energy and that are used to determine the value of the electric current in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kirchhoff's radiation law
- (from the article "heat") ...as visible light is, and, thenceforth, the study of thermal radiation became part of the study of radiation in general. In 1859 a physicist in Germany, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, presented ...
- Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
- German physicist who, with the chemist Robert Bunsen, firmly established the theory of spectrum analysis (a technique for chemical analysis by analyzing the light emitted by a heated material), which ... [10 Related Articles]
- Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig
- German painter and printmaker who was one of the leaders of a group of Expressionist artists known as Die Brucke ("The Bridge"). His mature style was highly personal and notable ... [4 Related Articles]
- Kirchner, Johann Gottlob
- (from the article "pottery") Little figure modelling was done until about 1727, when the sculptor Johann Gottlob Kirchner was appointed Modellmeister and asked to make some colossal figures of animals for the Japanische Palais, ...
- Kirchner, Leon
- (from the article "chamber music") ...elements of serial writing, composes in a virtually free rhythmic manner, and employs new instrumental effects in the manner of Bartok; yet his style is a completely individual expression. Leon ...
- Kirchner, Nestor
- Argentine lawyer and politician, who was president of Argentina from 2003 to 2007. [10 Related Articles]
- Kirchschlager, Rudolf
- Austrian politician and diplomat (b. March 20, 1915, Obermuhl, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary-d. March 30, 2000, Vienna, Austria), attained international respect for himself and his country as a judge and international ...
- Kirchwey, Freda
- American editor and publisher, remembered for her long association with the liberal magazine The Nation.
- Kirdi
- (from the article "Cameroon") ...contrast with the flute music of northern Cameroonians. In the Adamawa area, the Muslim Fulani produce elaborately worked leather goods and ornate calabashes (gourds used as containers), and the Kirdi ...
- Kirenga River
- (from the article "Lena River") In the first 110 miles (177 km) from its source, the Lena has a great number of rocky shoals, which occur as far as the tributary Kirenga River. Below the ...
- Kireyevsky, Ivan Vasilyevich
- philosopher, critic, and writer who was one of the leading ideologists of the Slavophile intellectual movement in Russia. [1 Related Articles]
- Kireyevsky, Pyotr Vasilyevich
- (from the article "Russia") ...as wishing to slavishly copy all things Western or the Slavophiles as repudiating everything European and rejecting reform. The chief Slavophiles-Aleksey S. Khomyakov, the brothers Ivan and Pyotr Kireyevsky, the ...
- kiri mono
- (from the article "Noh theatre") ...mono ("madwoman play"), in which the protagonist becomes insane through the loss of a lover or child; and the fifth type, the kiri or
- Kiriasis, Sandra
- (from the article "Bobsleigh, Skeleton, and Luge") During the women's World Cup season, German Sandra Kiriasis earned a podium spot in seven of eight races, including five victories. She also took the gold medal at the world ...
- Kiriath-sepher
- ancient town of Palestine, located near Hebron in the West Bank. According to the Bible, the town was taken from the Canaanites either by Caleb's son-in-law Othniel or by Joshua ...
- Kiribati
- island country in the central Pacific Ocean. The 33 islands of Kiribati, of which only 20 are inhabited, are scattered over a vast area of ocean. Kiribati extends 1,800 miles ... [25 Related Articles]
- Kiribati, flag of
- national flag consisting of six wavy horizontal stripes of white and blue beneath a red field bearing a yellow bird and sun. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.
- Kirigalpotta, Mount
- (from the article "Sri Lanka") ...terrain consisting of a unique arrangement of plateaus, ridges, escarpments, intermontane basins, and valleys. Sri Lanka's highest mountains-Pidurutalagala at 8,281 feet (2,524 metres), Kirigalpotta (7,858 feet), and Adam's Peak (Sri ...
- Kiriggwajjo, Saint Anatole
- (from the article "Uganda, Martyrs of") ...mission to Uganda, were imprisoned for a week. With the exception of St. Mbaga-Tuzinde, who was bludgeoned by his own father, the pages were burned alive on June 3, 1886: ...
- kirihame
- (from the article "crazy quilt") Crazy quilting's origins are uncertain. Sixteenth-century Japanese kirihame kimonos include crazy piecing. An 1839 cotton crazy-pieced Kaleidoscope quilt is owned by the Maryland Historical Society; like other ...
- kirikane
- in Japanese art, decorative technique used for Buddhist paintings and wooden statues and for lacquerwork. The technique used for paintings and statues employs gold or silver foil cut into thin ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kirikkale
- town, central Turkey, on the Ankara-Kayseri railway near the Kizil River. Formerly a village, it owes its rapid rise in population mainly to the establishment of steel mills in the ...
- Kirin
- sheng (province) of the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). It borders Russia to the east, North Korea to the southeast, the Chinese provinces of Liaoning ...
- Kirishima-Yaku National Park
- national park in southern Kyushu island, Japan, centring on the Kirishimayama volcanic group, consisting of 23 volcanoes, 15 craters, and 10 caldera lakes. The two major peaks are the volcanic ...
- Kirishitan
- (from Portuguese cristao, "Christian"), in Japanese history, a Japanese Christian or Japanese Christianity, specifically relating to Roman Catholic missionaries and converts in 16th- and 17th-century Japan. Modern Japanese Christianity is ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kiritimati Atoll
- coral island in the Northern Line Islands, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean. It is the largest island of purely coral formation in the world, having a circumference ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kiriwawanvu, Saint Mukasa
- (from the article "Uganda, Martyrs of") ...With the exception of St. Mbaga-Tuzinde, who was bludgeoned by his own father, the pages were burned alive on June 3, 1886: Saints Ambrose Kibuka, Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Achilles Kiwanuka, Mugagga, ...
- Kiriwina
- (from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") ...ostensible motive of the transactions-but also quantities of other goods. Notable among these were carvings in dark hardwood, which was the special product of Kiriwina, the largest of the Trobriand ...
- Kiriyama Prize
- (from the article "Literature") ...with American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer (2005), and Claudia Emerson captured the poetry prize for Late Wife (2005). Luis Alberto Urrea won the Kiriyama Prize ...
- Kirk Range
- plateau in southwestern Malawi, extending in a north-south direction and skirting the southwestern shore of Lake Nyasa and the western border of the Shire River valley. The northern scarp overlooks ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kirk, Alan G(oodrich)
- U.S. naval officer who commanded successful amphibious landings in Sicily and Normandy during World War II; he later served in important diplomatic posts.
- Kirk, Geoffrey S.
- (from the article "myth") ...the beginning." Other scholars either consider folktale a subdivision of myth or regard the two categories as distinct but overlapping. The latter view is taken by the British classicist Geoffrey ...
- Kirk, Grayson
- American academic who as president (1953-68) of Columbia University, New York City, gained national notoriety for using over 1,000 riot police officers to suppress a student disturbance there in 1968. ...
- Kirk, Norman Eric
- prime minister and minister of foreign affairs of New Zealand (1972-74).
- Kirk, Russell
- (from the article "libertarianism") ...some prominent conservatives, have insisted that libertarianism is an amoral philosophy of libertinism in which the law loses its character as a source of moral instruction. The American philosopher Russell ...
- Kirk, Sir John
- Scottish physician, companion to explorer David Livingstone, and British administrator in Zanzibar. [2 Related Articles]
- Kirkcaldy
- town and seaport, Fife council area and historic county, eastern Scotland, on the north shore of the Firth of Forth.
- Kirkcaldy, Sir William
- Scottish soldier, a leader of Scotland's Protestants in the reign of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Stuart.
- Kirkcudbright
- town and royal burgh (1455), Dumfries and Galloway council area, historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire, southwestern Scotland, 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Dumfries in the Galloway region. It guards the ...
- Kirkcudbrightshire
- historic county, southwestern Scotland. It lies entirely within Dumfries and Galloway council area. Kirkcudbrightshire forms the eastern portion of the historic province of Galloway. It encompasses the shores of the ...
- Kirke Brothers
- (from the article "Canada") ...war broke out with the English, who supported the French Protestants, or Huguenots, in their struggle against Richelieu. The war was mismanaged and inconclusive, but it gave a pretext for ...
- Kirke, Sir David
- (from the article "Ferryland") ...(later Lord Baltimore) obtained a charter for a portion of the peninsula in 1623. The colony showed promise until its proprietors procured the patent for Maryland and vacated the peninsula ...
- Kirkee, Battle of
- (from the article "Elphinstone, Mountstuart") ...Marathas disunited and used the murder of an envoy from Baroda to force a treaty on the peshwa. Elphinstone defeated the peshwa and ended the latter's efforts against British rule ...
- Kirkfield
- (from the article "canals and inland waterways") ...60-ton vessels; in 1888 lifts were constructed at Les Fontinettes, Fr., for 300-ton vessels and at La Louviere, Belg., for 400-ton vessels. Similar hydraulic lift locks were constructed at Kirkfield ...
- Kirkham
- (from the article "Fylde") ...International golf matches, including the Ryder Cup and the British Open, are sometimes played there. An old windmill and the Jacobean (late 18th-century) Lytham Hall are architectural features. Kirkham, an ...
- Kirkham, Rick
- (from the article "Performing Arts") TV Junkie, Michael Cain and Matt Radecki's 2006 Special Jury Prize winner at Sundance, was created from more than 3,000 hours of personal footage shot by TV reporter Rick Kirkham, ...
- Kirkilas, Gediminas
- (from the article "Lithuania") Area: 65,300 sq km (25,212 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 3,375,000 | Capital: Vilnius | Chief of state: President Valdas Adamkus | Head of government: Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas ...
- Kirkintilloch
- burgh (town), East Dunbartonshire council area, historic county of Dunbartonshire, west-central Scotland, on the northeastern periphery of the metropolitan area of Glasgow. It is situated on the Forth and Clyde ...
- Kirkland Lake
- town, Timiskaming district, eastern Ontario, Canada. It is situated 125 miles (200 km) north-northwest of North Bay. Since the discovery of gold in the vicinity in 1911, at the time ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kirkland, Gelsey
- (from the article "Performing Arts") ...the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. This production drew attention to the participation in the direction and rethinking of the ballet of the well-known, and sometimes controversial, former dancer Gelsey ...
- Kirkland, Joseph
- American novelist whose only work, a trilogy of Midwestern pioneer life, contributed to the development of realistic fiction.
- Kirkland, Lane
- American labour union leader who was president of the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) from 1979 to 1995. [2 Related Articles]
- Kirkland, Samuel
- Congregational minister to the Iroquois Confederacy and negotiator of the Oneida Alliance with the colonists during the American Revolution (1775-83).
- Kirklareli
- city, northwestern (European) Turkey. It lies in the foothills of the Yildiz (Istranca) Mountains. Formerly called Kirk Kilise ("Forty Churches"), it developed chiefly because of its position on the shortest ...
- Kirklees
- metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. The borough takes its name from Kirklees Hall (17th century), whose estate houses a small Cistercian priory ...
- Kirkman schoolgirl problem
- (from the article "combinatorics") ...subsets, such that the blocks in any subset contain every treatment exactly once. For the case k = 3 this problem was first posed during the 19th century by the ...
- Kirkman, Jacob
- Alsatian-born British harpsichord maker and member of a large family of instrument builders active into the 19th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Kirkman, T. P.
- (from the article "combinatorics") ...into subsets, such that the blocks in any subset contain every treatment exactly once. For the case k = 3 this problem was first posed during the 19th century by ...
- Kirkpatrick, Clayton
- American journalist (b. Jan. 8, 1915, Waterman, Ill.-d. June 19, 2004, Glen Ellyn, Ill.), had a more than 40-year career in journalism most notable for his tenure as editor of ...
- Kirkpatrick, Clifton
- (from the article "Religion") ...million Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries About Spiritual Realities, the world's largest monetary award to an individual. Ellis, a Quaker, was the son of atheists. The Rev. ...
- Kirkpatrick, Jeane
- American political scientist and diplomat, who was foreign policy adviser under U.S. President Ronald Reagan and the first American woman to serve as ambassador to the United Nations (1981-85). [1 Related Articles]
- Kirkpatrick, Mount
- (from the article "Antarctica") ...years ago, when the climate and terrain were similar to the modern Pacific Northwest. American paleontologists found the pelvis of a primitive sauropod, a four-legged plant-eating dinosaur, on Mt. Kirkpatrick. ...
- Kirkpatrick, Ralph
- American musicologist and one of the most influential harpsichordists of the 20th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Kirksville
- city, seat of Adair county, northeastern Missouri, U.S., about 90 miles (145 km) north of Columbia, near the Chariton River. Founded about 1841 as the county seat, it was known ...
- Kirkuk
- city, northeastern Iraq. The city is 145 miles (233 km) north of Baghdad, the national capital, with which it is linked by road and railway. Kirkuk is located near the ... [5 Related Articles]
- Kirkus, Virginia
- American critic, editor, and writer, remembered for her original, and still active, book review service for booksellers.
- Kirkwall
- royal burgh (town), seaport, and chief town of the Orkney Islands, Scotland, off the northern tip of the Scottish mainland. It was designated a royal burgh in 1486. Early Norse ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kirkwood gaps
- interruptions that appear in the distribution of asteroids where the orbital period of any small body present would be a simple fraction of that of Jupiter. Several zones of low ... [4 Related Articles]
- Kirkwood, Daniel
- (from the article "Kirkwood gaps") ...of asteroids where the orbital period of any small body present would be a simple fraction of that of Jupiter. Several zones of low density in the minor-planet population were ...
- Kirkwood, James
- American librettist, actor, author, and playwright who, together with Nicholas Dante, wrote the text for the Broadway musical A Chorus Line (1975), which in 1983 became the longest-running musical in ...
- Kirkwood, Pat
- British actress was one of the West End's liveliest and most glamorous musical stars in the 1940s and '50s. Kirkwood appeared in such plays as Noel Coward's Ace of Clubs ...
- Kirov
- oblast (province), western Russia. The oblast covers an area of 46,650 square miles (120,800 square km) and occupies almost the entire basin of the Vyatka River. It is a rolling ...
- Kirov
- city and administrative centre of Kirov oblast (province), western Russia, on the Vyatka River. The city was founded as Khlynov in 1181 by traders from Novgorod and became the centre ...
- Kirov State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet
- (from the article "Russia") Ballet enjoyed great success in the Soviet period, not because of any innovations but because the great troupes of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow and the Kirov (now Mariinsky) Theatre ...
- Kirov, Sergey Mironovich
- Russian Communist leader whose assassination marked the beginning of the Great Purge in the Soviet Union (1934-38). [7 Related Articles]
- Kirovohrad
- city, south-central Ukraine. It lies along the upper Inhul River where the latter is crossed by the Kremenchuk-Odessa railway. Founded as a fortress in 1754, it was made a city, ...
- Kirovsk
- city, Murmansk oblast (province), northwestern Russia, at the edge of the Khibiny Mountains. Until the opening of apatite and nephelinite mines in the region in 1929, Kirovsk was merely open ...
- kirpan
- (from the article "Sikhism") ...kangha (comb), kacch (short trousers), kara (steel bracelet), and kirpan (double-edged dagger)-did not become an obligation of all Sikhs until the ...
- kirsch
- dry, colourless brandy distilled from the fermented juice of the black morello cherry. Kirsch is made in the Black Forest of Germany, across the Rhine River in Alsace (France), and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kirsch, G.
- (from the article "solids, mechanics of") In 1898 G. Kirsch derived the solution for the stress distribution around a circular hole in a much larger plate under remotely uniform tensile stress. The same solution can be ...
- kirschsteinite
- (from the article "monticellite") Minerals in which manganese and iron replace magnesium in the crystal structure are called glaucochroite and kirschsteinite, respectively; these minerals have physical properties similar to monticellite and vary only slightly ...
- Kirsehir
- city, central Turkey. It lies along a tributary of the Kizil River at an elevation of 3,248 feet (990 metres). It may have been Justinianopolis (Mocissus), which, under the 6th-century ...
- Kirsehir rug
- handwoven floor covering, usually in a prayer design and made in Kirsehir (Kirshehr), a town between Ankara and Kayseri in central Turkey. The typical Kirsehir prayer rug of the 19th ...
- Kirshner, Don
- (from the article "Don Kirshner") Don Kirshner managed singers Bobby Darin and Connie Francis before forming Aldon Music in 1958 with veteran publisher Al Nevins. Setting up office in the heart of Tin Pan Alley ...
- Kirst, Hans Hellmut
- West German novelist who wrote more than 40 popular novels, mainly political thrillers and military satires.
- Kirstein, Lincoln
- American dance authority, impresario, writer, and businessman who collaborated with George Balanchine to found and direct the various ballet companies that eventually became the world-renowned New York City Ballet (directed ... [5 Related Articles]
- Kirsten, Dorothy
- American opera singer, a lyric soprano who, in her 30-year career with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, specialized in title role interpretations of Giacomo Puccini's operas Manon Lescaut, ...
- Kirstenbosch
- (from the article "National Botanic Gardens of South Africa") one of the world's largest botanical gardens, occupying a 1,305-acre (528-hectare) site in Kirstenbosch, near Cape Town, Western Cape province, South Africa. The 6,200-species collection consists almost exclusively of Cape ...
- Kirszenstein-Szewinska, Irena
- Polish sprinter who dominated women's athletics for nearly two decades. Between 1964 and 1976, Kirszenstein-Szewinska earned seven Olympic medals, tying the record of Australian Shirley Strickland de la Hunty for ... [1 Related Articles]
- kirtana
- form of musical worship or group devotion practiced by the Vaisnava sects (followers of the god Vishnu) of Bengal. Kirtana usually consists of a verse sung by a soloist and ... [4 Related Articles]
- Kirthar Range
- hill region in southern Pakistan. It extends southward for about 190 miles (300 km) from the Mula River in east-central Balochistan to Cape Muari (Monze) west of Karachi on the ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kirtland's warbler
- (from the article "conservation") An example of a species for which the control of fire regimes has proven both possible and essential is Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii; see woodwarbler). This endangered ...
- Kiruna
- city in the lan (county) of Norrbotten, northern Sweden. It is situated north of the Arctic Circle on the eastern shore of Lake Luossa and between the rich iron-ore Kiruna ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kirwan, Richard
- Irish chemist known for his contributions in several areas of science.
- Kiryat Ben-Gurion
- (from the article "Jerusalem") ...area go to Jerusalem to present their credentials to the president and transact business at the Foreign Ministry. The prime minister's office and many other ministries are concentrated in Kiryat ...
- Kiryu
- city, Gumma ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies on the edge of the Kanto Plain, northwest of Tokyo. In the 17th century fine Kiryu silks were worn by samurai ...
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