| | - Khashirov, Killar
- (from the article "Caucasus") ...of summit elevations in the Greater Caucasus, from 1881, provided the basis for the study of the range's glaciation. The first ascent of Mount Elbrus was achieved in 1829 by ...
- Khashm al-Qirbah Dam
- (from the article "Sudan, The") ...These areas are centred on the Gezira Scheme (Al-Jazirah)-with its Mangil extension-between the Blue and White Niles south of Khartoum. Other major farming areas are watered by the Khashm Al-Qirbah ...
- Khasi
- people of the Khasi and Jaintia hills of the state of Meghalaya in India. The Khasi have a distinctive culture. Both inheritance of property and succession to tribal office run ... [2 Related Articles]
- Khasi Hills
- physical region, central Meghalaya state, northeastern India. The area consists mostly of hilly regions and includes the Shillong plateau; it is drained by tributaries of the Brahmaputra and Surma rivers. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khasi language
- one of several members of the Khasian branch of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Khasi is spoken by some 900,000 people living in ... [2 Related Articles]
- Khasia
- (from the article "Pahari") ...but their caste structure is less orthodox and less complex than that of the plains to the south. Usually they are divided into the high "clean" or "twice-born" castes (Khasia, ...
- Khasian languages
- group of languages spoken primarily in the Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya state of northeastern India. The Khasian languages form the westernmost branch of the Mon-Khmer language family, ...
- Khasibi, Husayn ibn Hamdan al-
- (from the article "'Alawite") ...ibn Nusayr an-Namiri (fl. 850), a Basran contemporary of the 10th Shi'ite imam, and the sect was chiefly established by Husayn ibn Hamdan al-Khasibi (d. 957 or 968) during the ...
- Khaskovo
- town, southern Bulgaria. It lies in the northeastern foothills of the Rhodope Mountains. Founded about 1385 at the outset of the Ottoman period, it is located on the Sofia-Istanbul road ...
- khat
- (from the article "Ethiopia") ...growth rate of 11.6% from August 2003 to July 2004, thanks to better rains. Low world coffee prices persisted, and Ethiopian coffee farmers began to replant some of their land ...
- khat
- (from the article "death") ...to them. The components of the person were viewed as many, subtle, and complex; moreover, they were thought to suffer different fates at the time of death. The physical body ...
- khatak
- (from the article "Pakistan") Popular traditional folk dances include the bhangra (an explosive dance developed in Punjab) and khatak steps. The khatak is a martial dance of the ...
- Khatami, Mohammad
- Iranian political leader, who was president of Iran (1997-2005). [7 Related Articles]
- khatib
- (from the article "khutbah") The khutbah probably derived, though without a religious context, from the pronouncements of the khatib, a prominent tribal spokesman of pre-Islamic Arabia. The khatib expressed himself in beautiful prose that ...
- Khatib, Ismail al-
- (from the article "Lebanon") Ismail al-Khatib, an alleged operative of al-Qaeda who was accused of recruiting people to carry out anti-American acts of sabotage in Iraq, was captured in late September and died of ...
- Khatibi, Abdelkebir
- Moroccan educator, literary critic, and novelist. He was a member of the angry young generation of the 1960s whose works initially challenged many tenets on which the newly independent countries ...
- khatm al-anbiya'
- (from the article "Muhammad") ...Muhammad, his nature, and his function. Notably, the Qur'an asserts that he was a man and not a divine being, that he was the "seal of prophets" (
- Khatmiyah
- (from the article "Sudan, The") ...is the Qadiriyah, which was introduced to the Sudan from the Middle East in the 16th century. Another major tariqa is the Khatmiyah, or Mirghaniyah, which was ...
- Khatri
- (from the article "India") ...acquired political power, could also acquire a genealogy connecting him with the traditional lineages and conferring Kshatriya status. A number of new castes, such as the Kayasthas (scribes) and Khatris ...
- Khawak Pass
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") ...of the range, known as Kabul Kuhestan (Kohistan), was famous in antiquity as the location of the triodon, three great transmontane routes. The first of these was either the Khawak ...
- Khawr Fakkan
- exclave and port town located in Al-Shariqah emirate, United Arab Emirates. It is on the east coast of the Musandam Peninsula, facing the Gulf of Oman; the port and its ...
- khayal al-zill
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...during which the Prophet Muhammad's grandson al-Husayn ibn 'Ali was killed. Cafes and other public places also provided venues for shadow plays (khayal al-zill), which regularly poked ...
- Khaybar, Battle of
- (from the article "'Ali") The traditional accounts of 'Ali's strength and courage in these battles and his yearning for justice made him an epitome of chivalry throughout the Islamic world. In the Battle of ...
- khaymah
- (from the article "Morocco") ...transhumance, migrating with their flocks or herds to summer pastures at higher elevations or winter pastures at lower elevations and living in dark-coloured tents (khaymahs) woven of ...
- Khayr al-Din
- (from the article "North Africa") ...leveled against the Ottoman Empire and Egypt. Between the death of Tunisia's ambitious reformer, Ahmad Bey, in 1855, and the dismissal of its talented, reform-minded prime minister, Khayr al-Din, in ...
- Khayr Bey
- (from the article "Egypt") ...al-Ghawri died in the battle. But the Mamluks rallied around a new sultan in Cairo who refused to accept Selim's terms for a settlement. Spurred on by the Mamluk traitor ...
- Khayzuran, al-
- (from the article "Barmakids") ...Wand and building a town called Mansurah. Because of political intrigues and rivalry, al-Mansur dismissed Khalid in 775 and imposed a heavy fine upon him. Al-Khayzuran, Prince al-Mahdi's wife, helped ...
- Khaz'al Khan
- Arab sheikh (ruler) of the city of Mohammerah (now Khorramshahr) who attempted to create an independent state in the oil-rich Iranian region of Khuzestan.
- Khazar
- member of a confederation of Turkic-speaking tribes that in the late 6th century AD established a major commercial empire covering the southeastern section of modern European Russia. Although the origin ... [9 Related Articles]
- Khazar Stage
- (from the article "Caspian Sea") Since Late Pliocene times glaciers have advanced and retreated across the Russian Plain, and the Caspian Sea itself-in successive phases known as Baku, Khazar, and Khvalyn-alternately shrank and expanded. This ...
- Khaznadar, Mustafa
- (from the article "Tunisia") When the principal minister, Mustafa Khaznadar (who had served from the earliest days of Ahmad Bey's reign), attempted to squeeze more taxes out of the hard-pressed peasants, the countryside rose ...
- Khazraj, al-
- (from the article "Hijrah") ...and the muhajirun. The ansar were members of the two major Medinese tribes, the feuding al-Khazraj and al-Aws, whom Muhammad had been asked to ...
- Kheda
- city, east-central Gujarat state, west-central India. It is situated in the lowlands between the Sabarmati and Mahi rivers. The city existed as early as the 5th century AD. Early in ...
- khedive
- title granted by the Ottoman sultan Abdulaziz to the hereditary pasha of Egypt, Isma'il, in 1867. Derived from a Persian term for "lord" or "ruler," the title was subsequently used ... [1 Related Articles]
- khels
- (from the article "Nagaland") ...on the most prominent points along the ridges of the hills, these villages were once stockaded, with massive wooden gates approached by narrow, sunken paths. The villages are usually divided ...
- Khemchik River
- (from the article "Yenisey River") ...to 700 yards (90 to 640 metres) and often splits into braided channels around gravelly shoals. At the western end of the basin, the river flows into the Sayano-Shushen Reservoir, ...
- Khemisset
- town, north-central Morocco. The town is located between the imperial cities of Rabat and Meknes, at the edge of the Moroccan upland plateau. It is a market centre for the ...
- Khenifra
- town, central Morocco. It is situated in the western foothills of the southern Middle Atlas (Moyen Atlas) mountains and lies along the banks of the Oum er-Rbia River at an ...
- Khenty-Imentiu
- (from the article "Osiris") ...1630 BCE) the god's festivals consisted of processions and nocturnal rites and were celebrated at the temple of Abydos, where Osiris had assimilated the very ancient god of the dead, ...
- Khepri
- (from the article "Egyptian religion") ...the less powerful that deity was. All the main gods acquired the characteristics of creator gods. A single figure could have many names; among those of the sun god, the ...
- Kheraskov, Mikhail Matveyevich
- epic poet, playwright, and influential representative of Russian classicism who was known in his own day as the Russian Homer.
- Kherla
- (from the article "India") ...sultanate in an arena where their expansionist ambitions had some chance of success. A border dispute with Malwa led to a Bahmani victory and a short-lived recognition of the chieftainship ...
- Kherson
- city, southern Ukraine. It lies on the right (west) bank of the lower Dnieper River about 15 miles (25 km) from the latter's mouth. Kherson, named after the ancient settlement ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khetagurov, Kosta
- (from the article "Ossetic language") ...has many loanwords from Russian. There are many folk epics in Ossetic; the most famous are the tales about hero warriors, the Narts. The literary language was established by the ...
- Khety
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") ...the country, but inscriptions of nomarchs (chief officials of nomes) in the south show that the kings' rule was nominal. At Dara, north of Asyut, for example, a local ruler ...
- Khety, House of
- (from the article "Egypt, ancient") ...dynasties at Thebes and Heracleopolis. The latter, the 10th, probably continued the line of the 9th. The founder of the 9th or 10th dynasty was named Khety, and the dynasty ...
- Khevenhuller, Ludwig Andreas
- Austrian field marshal and writer of military manuals; the scion of an Austrian aristocratic family that from the 16th to the 20th century provided the Habsburg monarchy with a number ...
- Khibiny Mountains
- (from the article "Russia") ...of 1,896 feet (578 metres), but for the most part it is below 650 feet (200 metres); low ridges and knolls alternate with lake- and marsh-filled hollows. The Kola Peninsula ...
- Khidr Ghilan, al-
- (from the article "Isma'il") ...then acting viceroy in Fes, immediately seized the treasury and had himself proclaimed ruler. His claim was challenged by three rivals-a brother, a nephew, and al-Khidr Ghilan, a tribal leader ...
- Khidr, al-
- (Arabic, contraction of al-Khadir, "the Green One"), a legendary Islamic figure endowed with immortal life who became a popular saint, especially among sailors and Sufis (Muslim mystics). [1 Related Articles]
- Khieo, Mount
- (from the article "Thailand") The generally rolling countryside of the southeast has high hills in the centre and along the eastern boundary with Cambodia. Notable peaks are Mount Khieo, which rises to 2,614 feet ...
- khiil
- (from the article "stringed instrument") ...actually press the string to a fingerboard (but rather slides up and down the string itself), and the fiddle with a fingerboard (for example, the violin). The Mongolian
- Khilafat movement
- force that arose in India in the early 20th century as a result of Muslim fears for the integrity of Islam. These fears were aroused by Italian (1911) and Balkan ... [4 Related Articles]
- Khimki
- city and centre of a rayon (sector), Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. It lies along the Moscow-St. Petersburg railway northwest of the capital. Incorporated in 1939, Khimki grew from a ...
- Khin Nyunt
- (from the article "Myanmar") ...and tensions within Myanmar's ruling junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), escalated in 2005 following the sacking of former prime minister and once-powerful intelligence chief Gen. Khin Nyunt ...
- Khinalug language
- (from the article "Caucasian languages") ...and about 170,000 in Azerbaijan); Tabasaran (about 90,000); Agul (about 12,000); Rutul (about 15,000); Tsakhur (about 11,000); Archi (fewer than 1,000); Kryz (about 6,000); Budukh (about 2,000); Khinalug (about 1,500); ...
- Khirbat al-Mafjar
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...found in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan dating from around 710 to 750: al-Rusafah, Qasr al-Hayr East, Qasr al-Hayr West, Jabal Says, Khirbat Minyah, Khirbat al-Mafjar, Mshatta, Qasr 'Amrah, Qasr al-Kharanah, ...
- Khirbat Qumran
- (from the article "Dead Sea Scrolls") The documents were recovered in the Judaean wilderness from five principal sites: Khirbat Qumran, Wadi Al-Murabba'at, Nahal Hever (Wadi Khabrah) and Nahal Ze'elim (Wadi Seiyal), Wadi Daliyeh, and Masada. The ...
- Khirbet Kerak ware
- (from the article "Beth Yerah") ...and a Christian basilica built in the 5th century AD and destroyed in the 7th century. A type of black and red Early Bronze Age pottery of Anatolian origin was ...
- Khirokitia
- (from the article "Cyprus") ...and other artifacts provide the earliest evidence of human presence on Cyprus; the oldest have been dated to about 10,000 years ago. The first known settlement, as early as 9,000 ...
- khirqah
- (Arabic: "rag"), a woolen robe traditionally bestowed by Sufi (Muslim mystic) masters on those who had newly joined the Sufi path, in recognition of their sincerity and devotion. While most ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khitan
- any member of a Mongol people that ruled Manchuria and part of North China from the 10th to the early 12th century under the Liao dynasty. See also Manchuria. [13 Related Articles]
- khitan
- in Islam, circumcision of the male; by extension it may also refer to the circumcision of the female (properly khafd1PT). Muslim traditions (Hadith) recognize khitan as a ...
- Khiva
- city, south-central Uzbekistan. It lies west of the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) on the Palvan Canal, and it is bounded on the south by the Karakum Desert and on ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khiva, khanate of
- (from the article "Chagatai literature") During the 17th century, Chagatai became confined largely to the somewhat peripheral khanate of Khiva, while the khanate of Bukhara usually patronized writing in Persian. The major literary texts in ...
- Khizr Khan
- (from the article "India") ...Rajput and Muslim states. Gujarat, Malwa, and Jaunpur soon became powerful independent states; old and new Rajput states rapidly emerged; and Lahore, Dipalpur, Multan, and parts of Sind were held ...
- KHJ
- (from the article "KHJ, "Boss Radio"") Los Angeles' KHJ, better known as "Boss Radio" in the mid-1960s, was the most imitated station of its time. After years of "personality" radio-dominated by deejay chatter and replete with ...
- Khlebnikov, Velimir Vladimirovich
- poet who was the founder of Russian Futurism and whose esoteric verses exerted a significant influence on Soviet poetry. [4 Related Articles]
- Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem
- (from the article "Bangkok") ...down, and a reduction was made in the large number of floating houses anchored along the riverfront. A new route, Charoen Krung (New Road), leading southward, was constructed, and a ...
- Khlysty
- (from the article "Rasputin, Grigory Yefimovich") ...Rasputin, Russian for "debauched one." He evidently underwent a religious conversion at age 18, and eventually he went to the monastery at Verkhoture, where he was introduced to the Khlysty ...
- Khmelnytsky Insurrection
- (from the article "Ukraine") Tensions stemming from social discontent, religious strife, and Cossack resentment of Polish authority finally coalesced and came to a head in 1648. Beginning with a seemingly typical Cossack revolt, under ...
- Khmelnytsky, Bohdan
- leader (1648-57) of the Zaporozhian Cossacks who organized a rebellion against Polish rule in Ukraine that ultimately led to the transfer of the Ukrainian lands east of the Dnieper River ... [7 Related Articles]
- Khmelnytskyy
- city, western Ukraine. It lies along the upper Southern (Pivdennyy) Buh River. Originally a Polish military post, it dates from the late 15th century. The fort was seized by Cossacks ...
- Khmer
- any member of an ethnolinguistic group that constitutes most of the population of Cambodia. Smaller numbers of Khmer also live in southeastern Thailand and the Mekong River delta of southern ... [11 Related Articles]
- Khmer language
- Mon-Khmer language spoken by most of the population of Cambodia, where it is the official language, and by some 1.3 million people in southeastern Thailand, and also by more than ... [8 Related Articles]
- Khmer literature
- body of literary works of Khmer peoples of Southeast Asia, mainly Cambodia. [1 Related Articles]
- Khmer Rouge
- radical communist movement that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 after winning power through a guerrilla war. It was purportedly set up in 1967 as the armed wing of the ... [12 Related Articles]
- Khmer Rouge Tribunal
- (from the article "Cambodia") In Cambodia in 2007 the Khmer Rouge Tribunal (officially the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia) continued to move forward in a slow, almost tortuous process. On July 18, ...
- Khmu' language
- (from the article "Khmuic languages") group of languages spoken primarily in Laos in areas scattered around Luang Prabang and extending into parts of Thailand and northern Vietnam. The Khmuic languages form a branch of the ...
- Khmuic languages
- group of languages spoken primarily in Laos in areas scattered around Luang Prabang and extending into parts of Thailand and northern Vietnam. The Khmuic languages form a branch of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khnum
- ancient Egyptian god of fertility, associated with water and with procreation. Khnum was worshipped from the 1st dynasty (c. 2925-2775 BCE) into the early centuries CE. He was represented as ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khodasevich, Vladislav
- (from the article "Nabokov, Vladimir") ...ferocity of the attacks made upon him. His idiosyncratic, somewhat aloof style and unusual novelistic concerns were interpreted as snobbery by his detractors-although his best Russian critic, Vladislav Khodasevich, insisted ...
- Khodorkovsky, Mikhail
- (from the article "Literature") The jailed industrialist Mikhail Khodorkovsky awarded generous grants in 2006 to Russia's leading poets, who included Mikhail Ayzenberg, Henri Volokhonsky, Sergey Gandlevsky, Mikhail Gendelev, Timur Kibirov, Dmitry Prigov, Eduard Limonov, ...
- Khoei, Abolqasem al-
- Iranian-born cleric who, as a grand ayatollah based in the holy city of Al-Najaf, Iraq, was the spiritual leader of millions of Shi'ite Muslims.
- Khoekhoe
- any member of a people of southern Africa whom the first European explorers found in areas of the hinterland and who now generally live either in European settlements or on ... [11 Related Articles]
- Khoekhoe languages
- a subgroup of the Khoe language family, one of three branches of the Southern African Khoisan languages. Two main varieties have been distinguished: the first includes the extinct South African ...
- Khoisan
- (from the article "Southern Africa") In the long run these new groups of herders and farmers transformed the hunter-gatherer way of life. Initially, however, distinctions between early pastoralists, farmers, and hunter-gatherers were not overwhelming, and ...
- Khoisan languages
- a unique group of African languages spoken mainly in southern Africa, with two outlying languages found in eastern Africa. The term is a compound adapted from the words [4 Related Articles]
- Khoja
- caste of Indian Muslims converted from Hinduism to Islam in the 14th century by the Persian pir (religious leader, or teacher) Sadr-ud-Din and adopted as members of the Nizari Isma'ili ... [2 Related Articles]
- Khol, Andreas
- (from the article "Austria") Area: 83,871 sq km (32,383 sq mi) | Population (2004 est.): 8,105,000 | Capital: Vienna | Chief of state: Presidents Thomas Klestil, Andreas Khol (acting) from July 6 ...
- Kholmogory
- village, port, and administrative centre of Kholmogory rayon (sector), Arkhangelsk oblast (province), northwestern Russia. It lies along the Northern Dvina River, 47 miles (75 km) southeast of the city of ...
- Khomani
- (from the article "Khoisan languages") ...The extinct !Kwi dialects of the Southern group, such as | Xam, &lateralclick;Xegwi, &lateralclick;Ng, and |'Auni, were spoken in South Africa; of the !Kwi dialects, only &alveolarclick;Khomani is still spoken, by ...
- Khomeini, Hojatoleslam Seyed Ahmad
- Iranian political leader who was a close aide of his father, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and a member of Iran's Supreme National Security Council (b. March 15, 1946?--d. March 17, 1995).
- Khomeini, Ruhollah
- Iranian Shi'ite cleric who led the revolution that overthrew Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1979 and who was Iran's ultimate political and religious authority for the next 10 years. [21 Related Articles]
- khomus
- (from the article "Sakha") ...economic activity. Many traditional arts, such as ivory and wood carving and jewelry making, are still practiced, though such relatively modern arts as filmmaking are also popular. Playing of the ...
- Khomyakov, Aleksey Stepanovich
- Russian poet and founder of the 19th-century Slavophile movement that extolled the superiority of the Russian way of life. He was also an influential lay theologian of the Russian Orthodox ... [3 Related Articles]
- khon
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") In the Thai masked play, or khon, dancers, chorus, soloists, and orchestra are all coordinated. The musicians know the movements of classical dance and coordinate musical phrases with dance patterns, ...
- Khon Kaen
- town, northeastern Thailand, on the Khorat Plateau. It is a rice-trading centre on the railway between Nakhon Ratchasima and Udon Thani. Khon Kaen University was founded in 1965; the Rajamangala ...
- Khond
- people of the hills and jungles of Orissa state, India. Their numbers are estimated to exceed 800,000, of which about 550,000 speak Kui and its southern dialect, Kuwi, of the ...
- Khone Falls
- series of cataracts on the Mekong River, extreme southern Laos, on the Cambodian border. The falls are the principal impediment to navigation of the river and have impeded economic use ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khons
- in ancient Egyptian religion, moon god who was generally depicted as a youth. A deity with astronomical associations named Khenzu is known from the Pyramid Texts (c. 2350 BCE) and ... [2 Related Articles]
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