| | - Khalifah, Sheikh Isa ibn Sulman al-
- Bahraini chief of state (b. June 3, 1933, Manama, Bahrain-d. March 6, 1999, Manama), served as leader of his country for 37 years, including 27 as emir, a title he ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khalifeh, Sahar
- (from the article "Literature") ...TV's Inspector Colombo, Chraibi ridiculed the West's obsession with al-Qaeda and its founder. In her novel Rabi'un har (2004; "A Hot Spring Season"), Sahar Khalifeh narrated the events of the ...
- Khalil ibn Ahmad, al-
- Arab philologist who compiled the first Arabic dictionary and is credited with the formulation of the rules of Arabic prosody. [2 Related Articles]
- Khalil, al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din
- Mamluk sultan of Egypt who completed his father Qala'un's campaign to drive the Franks from Syria. He captured Acre (now 'Akko, Israel) in the spring of 1291, and the remaining ...
- Khalil, Mustafa
- Egyptian politician as Egypt's prime minister (1978-80) and foreign minister (1979-80), helped to secure the Camp David Accords (1978) and subsequent peace treaty (1979) between his country and Israel, an ...
- Khalil, Subhi
- (from the article "Israel") ...against Hamas, assassinating most of its top leaders-cofounder Sheik Ahmed Yassin (see Obituaries) on March 22, Abdel Aziz Rantisi on April 17, the Syria-based Subhi Khalil on ...
- Khalilzad, Zalmay
- (from the article "Afghanistan") ...house of Afghanistan's National Assembly, and provincial and local councils across the country. That process included the adoption of a constitution and the 2004 election of Karzai as president. Zalmay ...
- khalisah
- (from the article "India") ...of each locality by measuring the land. A set of officers in each iqta', separate from the assignee, ensured the sultan's control over it. The khalisah, the territory whose revenues ...
- Khalistan
- (from the article "India") By the early 1980s some Sikhs were calling for more than mere separate provincial statehood, instead demanding nothing less than a nation-state of their own, an autonomous Sikh Khalistan, or ...
- Khalji Dynasty
- (1290-1320), the second ruling family of the Muslim sultanate of Delhi. This dynasty, like the previous Slave dynasty, was of Turkish origin, though the Khalji tribe had long been settled ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khalji, 'Ala'-ud-Din
- (from the article "Gujarat") ...kings; the famous writer Hemacandra flourished during this period (12th century). Karnadeva Vaghela, of the following Vaghela dynasty, was defeated in about 1299 by 'Ala'-ud-Din Khalji, sultan of Delhi; Gujarat ...
- Khalji, Ghiyas-ud-Din 'Iwaz
- (from the article "India") In the east in 1225, Iltutmish launched a successful campaign against Ghiyath al-Din 'Iwaz Khalji, one of Bhaktiyar Khalji's lieutenants, who had assumed sovereign authority in Lakhnauti (northern Bengal) and ...
- Khalji, Ikhtiyar-ud-Din Muhammad Bakhtiyar
- (from the article "Deoghar") ...Deoghar has a hospital, tuberculosis clinic, and leper asylum and houses several colleges (including a teacher-training institute) affiliated with Bhagalpur University. The Muslim invader Bakhtiyar Khalji made Deoghar his capital ...
- Khalji, Jalal-ud-Din Firuz
- (from the article "India") ...were unable to manage either the administration or the factional conflicts between the old Turkish nobility and the new forces, led by the Khaljis; after a struggle between the two ...
- Khalkha
- (from the article "Mongol language") ...group (a branch of the Altaic family), spoken by some 7 million people in Mongolia and in the autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia and Sinkiang and the provinces of Tsinghai ...
- Khalkha
- largest group of the Mongol peoples, constituting more than 80 percent of the population of Mongolia. The Khalkha dialect is the official language of Mongolia. It is understood by 90 ... [5 Related Articles]
- Khalkhali, Sadeq
- Iranian cleric and judge (b. July 27, 1926, Givi, Azerbaijani S.S.R., U.S.S.R. [now in Azerbaijan]-d. Nov. 26, 2003, Tehran, Iran), ordered the summary execution of hundreds (perhaps thousands) of "counterrevolutionaries" ...
- khalq
- (from the article "kasb") Al-Ash'ari chose the term kasb to avoid attributing khalq (creation) to anyone but God. His main concern was to maintain God's total omnipotence and at the same time allow men ...
- Khalsa
- the purified and reconstituted Sikh community instituted by Guru Gobind Singh on March 30, 1699 (Baisakhi Day; Khalsa Sikhs celebrate the birth of the order on April 13 of each ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khalwatiyah
- (from the article "Suhrawardiyah") The main order became concentrated in Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent, while other branches moved westward. The orthodox Khalwatiyah, also strictly disciplined, was founded in Iran by 'Umar al-Khalwati, then ...
- Khama III
- southern African chief who allied himself with British colonizers in the area. [3 Related Articles]
- Khama, Ian
- (from the article "Botswana") Mogae retired in April 2008 and was succeeded by vice president Ian Khama, the son of Botswana's first president, Seretse Khama.relation to Seretse Khama
- Khama, Sir Seretse
- first president of Botswana (1966-80), after the former Bechuanaland protectorate gained independence from Great Britain. [3 Related Articles]
- Khamag Mongol Uls
- (from the article "Mongolia") ...dynasties, the Liao exercised its power in Mongolia by playing off the tribes against one another. Liao sources record the existence of a rather shadowy tribal power known in Mongol ...
- Khamanelsk Ob
- (from the article "Ob River") ...to 12 miles (19 km) wide and 130 feet (40 metres) deep; but after the confluence of the Poluy (from the right) the river branches out again to form a ...
- Khamastashar Mayo, Madinat
- residential town, al-Qahirah (Cairo) muhafazah (governorate), Egypt. The town is a suburb of the industrial town of Hulwan and is located in the Wadi Hawf 2 miles ...
- Khamba
- (from the article "monasticism") The popular but mistaken identification of Tibetan monks as "lamas" has obscured the highly segmented structure of the Tibetan Buddhist clergy. Among the Khamba (khams pa) of ...
- Khamenei, Ali
- Iranian Shi'ite clergyman and politician who served as president of Iran (1981-89) and as that country's rahbar, or leader, from 1989. A religious figure of some significance, ... [7 Related Articles]
- Khami Ruins National Monument
- (from the article "Southern Africa") In the second half of the 15th century Great Zimbabwe came to an abrupt end. Its successor in the southwest was Torwa, with its centre at Khami; in the north ...
- Khamis Mushayt
- city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is situated about 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Abha. Khamis Mushayt is located inland in a mountainous region with fertile soil. It is traditionally ...
- Khammam
- city, north-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies along the Central Railway, south-southeast of Warangal. The city is a trade and commercial centre. Rice, sorghum, corn (maize), and pulses ...
- Khampti
- (from the article "Himalayas") Arunachal Pradesh is the homeland of several groups-the Abor or Adi, Aka, Apa Tani, Dafla, Khampti, Khowa, Mishmi, Momba, Miri, and Singpho. Ethnically, these groups are all Indo-Asiatic; linguistically, they ...
- khamriyyah
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...the time of Abu Nuwas, who wrote during the 8th and 9th centuries, the collected works of a poet would contain sections that included, among other categories,
- Khams
- one of three historical regions of Central Asia (the other two being A-mdo and Dbus-Gtsang) into which Tibet was once divided. [1 Related Articles]
- khamseh
- in Persian and Turkish literature, a set of five long epic poems composed in rhyming couplet, or masnavi, form. Khamseh takes its name from the five great epic poems written ...
- khamsin
- hot, dry, dusty wind in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula that blows from the south or southeast in late winter and early spring. It often reaches temperatures above 40° ... [7 Related Articles]
- Khamtai Siphandon
- (from the article "Laos") Area: 236,800 sq km (91,429 sq mi) | Population (2006 est.): 5,751,000 | Capital: Vientiane | Chief of state: Presidents Khamtay Siphandone and, from June 8, Choummaly Sayasone | Head ...
- khan
- (from the article "caravansary") Khans are often confused with caravansaries, but these places are analogous to inns and hotels, where not only lodging but food and other comforts may be had for payment. Khans ...
- khan
- historically, the ruler or monarch of a Mongol tribe (ulus). At the time of Genghis Khan (early 13th century) a distinction was made between the title of khan and that ... [2 Related Articles]
- Khan Jahan Lodi
- (from the article "India") Shah Jahan's reign was marred by a few rebellions, the first of which was that of Khan Jahan Lodi, governor of the Deccan. Khan Jahan was recalled to court after ...
- Khan Sahib
- (from the article "Pakistan") Along with a close associate, Dr. Khan Sahib, a former premier of the North-West Frontier Province, Mirza formed the Republican Party and made Khan Sahib the chief minister of the ...
- Khan Tangiri Peak
- peak in the Tien Shan range of Central Asia, at the juncture of the boundaries between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. Situated in a heavily ... [4 Related Articles]
- Khan, 'Abd-al Qadir
- (from the article "Pakistan") On February 1 'Abd al-Qadir Khan, an eminent physicist and leader of Pakistan's nuclear weapons program, admitted that he had run an international network that marketed nuclear technology to Libya, ...
- Khan, Ali Akbar
- composer, virtuoso sarod player, and teacher, active in presenting classical Indian music to Western audiences. Khan's music is rooted in the Hindustani (northern) tradition of Indian music (see also Hindustani music).
- Khan, Bismillah
- Indian musician (b. March 21, 1916, Bihar, India-d. Aug. 21, 2006, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India), played an often-scorned woodwind instrument, the shehnai, an oboelike North Indian horn, with such expressive ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khan, Ebrahim
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...torn between love for his wife and for his art. Especially popular are historical themes of political significance, inspiring Muslims who for centuries were subjugated by the Hindus of East ...
- Khan, Fazlur R.
- Bangladeshi American civil engineer known for his innovations in high-rise building construction. [2 Related Articles]
- Khan, Ghulam Ishaq
- Pakistani politician (b. Jan. 20, 1915, Ismail Khel, North-West Frontier Province, British India [now in Pakistan]-d. Oct. 27, 2006, Peshawar, Pak.), as president (1988-93) of Pakistan, in 1990 sacked the ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khan, Harun Bughra
- (from the article "Qarakhanid Dynasty") ...With the disintegration of the Iranian Samanid dynasty, the Qarakhanids took over the Samanid territories in Transoxania. In 999 Harun (or Hasan) Bughra Khan, grandson of the paramount tribal chief ...
- Khan, Jansher
- For many years the name Khan had been synonymous with success in the game of squash. In 1997 it was Jansher Khan who dominated the sport, winning his sixth successive ...
- Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali
- Pakistani singer who is considered one of the greatest performers of qawwali, a Sufi Muslim devotional music characterized by simple melodies, forceful rhythms, and wild improvisations that ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khan, Vilayat Hussain
- Indian sitar player and composer (b. Aug. 8, 1928, Gouripur, East Bengal, India [now in Bangladesh]-d. March 13, 2004, Mumbai [Bombay], India), developed a style of playing known as gayaki ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khan, Zaheer
- (from the article "Cricket") ...300-wicket career mark. India also lost to South Africa but recovered to claim its first series victory in England since 1986. Ably led by Rahul Dravid, India found a bowler ...
- Khan-e Khanan 'Abd-ur-Rahim
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...and letters (Aurangzeb). Among the nobility of India, the Turkish language remained in use until the 19th century. Lovely Turkish verses were written, for example, by Akbar's general, Khan-e Khanan ...
- Khanaqin
- town, northeastern Iraq. Located 5 miles (8 km) from the Iranian border at a rail terminus, Khanaqin is a customs station and is situated on a main road that, before ...
- Khandagiri
- (from the article "South Asian arts") Sculpture decorating the monasteries cut into the twin hills of Udayagiri and Khandagiri in Orissa represents yet another early Indian local idiom. The work is not of one period but ...
- Khandesh
- (from the article "India") ...led to a Bahmani victory and a short-lived recognition of the chieftainship of Kherla as a Bahmani protectorate. Ahmad I then forged an alliance with another northern neighbour, Khandesh, which ...
- Khandwa
- city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Located on the major roads leading from northern India to the Deccan region, it is identified with the Kognabanda of the Greek geographer ...
- Khania
- city and capital of Khania nomos (department), western Crete, Greece. It was the capital of Crete from 1841 to 1971. The city lies along the eastern corner ...
- Khania, Gulf of
- gulf on the northwestern coast of Crete, Greece. It is enclosed on the west by the north-south Rodhopos Peninsula, which rises to 2,454 feet (748 m) in Mount Titiron, and ...
- Khanian era
- (from the article "chronology") ...who brought the Nowruz (Persian New Year's Day) back to date in keeping with the agricultural activities of the community. Mahmud Ghazan introduced the Khanian era in Persia in AH ...
- Khanka, Lake
- shallow lake on the boundary between Siberia (Russia) and China. Most of the lakeshore is in Primorsky kray (region) of Russia; the northern shore is in Heilungkiang sheng (province), China. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khansa', al-
- one of the greatest Arab poets, famous for her elegies. [3 Related Articles]
- Khant language
- (from the article "Ob-Ugric languages") division of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, comprising the Mansi (Vogul) and Khanty (Ostyak) languages; they are most closely related to Hungarian, with which they make up ...
- Khanty and Mansi
- western Siberian peoples, living mainly in the Ob River basin of central Russia. They each speak an Ob-Ugric language of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic languages. Together they numbered ... [7 Related Articles]
- Khanty-Mansi
- autonomous okrug (district), in central Russia. The Khanty-Mansi national okrug was established in 1930 for the Khanty (Ostyak) and Mansi (Vogul) peoples, although the majority of the present population are ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khanty-Mansiysk
- city and administrative centre of Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug (district), a part of Tyumen oblast (province), Russia, in the West Siberian Plain. Situated on the Irtysh River near its confluence with ...
- Khanua, Battle of
- (from the article "Babur") ...sought divine favour by abjuring liquor, breaking the wine vessels, and pouring the wine down a well. His followers responded both to this act and his stirring exhortations and stood ...
- khapra beetle
- (from the article "dermestid beetle") The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium), a small beetle native to the Indian subcontinent, is a serious pest in most parts of the world. It is unique among dermestids because the ...
- Khaqani
- Persian poet, whose importance rests mainly on his brilliant court poems, satires, and epigrams. [2 Related Articles]
- Kharagpur
- city, south-central West Bengal state, northeastern India, just south of the Kasai River. Originally only the railway suburb of Midnapore (Medinipur), Kharagpur is now an important rail junction, with workshops ...
- Kharagpur hills
- (from the article "Monghyr") Monghyr district (3,061 sq mi [7,928 sq km]) consists of alluvial plains stretching south of the Ganges River. In the far south are the forested Kharagpur hills, rising to 1,607 ...
- kharaj
- a special Islamic fiscal imposition that was demanded from recent converts to Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries. [5 Related Articles]
- Kharan
- town, north-central Balochistan province, Pakistan. It lies 6 miles (10 km) from the Baddo River. Long a caravan depot, it still trades in salt, millet, wheat, dates, melons, carpets, and ...
- Kharatara
- (from the article "gaccha") ...monks and their lay followers who claim descent from eminent monastic teachers. Although some 84 separate gacchas have appeared since the 7th-8th century, only a few have survived, such as ...
- Kharavela
- (from the article "India") Kalinga rose to prominence under Kharavela, dated with some debate to the 1st century BCE. Kharavela boasts, perhaps exaggeratedly for a pious Jain, of successful campaigns in the western Deccan ...
- Khardung Pass
- (from the article "Himalayas") ...Range and reaches Leh in the upper Indus valley. Leh is also connected to India via Srinagar in the Vale of Kashmir; the Srinagar to Leh road passes over the ...
- khare
- (from the article "Sansi") Numbering some 60,000 in the early 21st century, the Sansi speak Hindi and divide themselves into two classes, the khare (people of pure Sansi ancestry) and the malla (people of ...
- Kharg Island
- small Iranian island in the northern Persian Gulf, 34 miles (55 km) northwest of the port of Bushire (Bushehr). In the 15th century the Dutch established a factory (trading station) ...
- Khargon
- city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India, just east of the Kundi River. It is a major agricultural-produce and timber market and is engaged in cotton ginning and rice and ...
- Khari Boli
- (from the article "Hindi language") ...more hundreds of thousands speak Hindi as a second language. Literary Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, shows a strong influence of Sanskrit as a source for borrowings; it is ...
- Kharia
- any of several groups of hill people living in the Chota Nagpur area of Orissa and Bihar states, northeastern India, and numbering more than 280,000 in the late 20th century. ...
- Kharibian, Leo
- American-born dancer, choreographer, and director (b. April 27, 1927, Boston, Mass.-d. Aug. 23, 2001, Leicestershire, Eng.?), helped change the face of musical theatre choreography in Great Britain by incorporating American ...
- kharif
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...including onions, peppers, and potatoes. Pakistan benefits greatly from having two growing seasons, rabi (spring harvest) and kharif (fall harvest).
- Kharijah, Al-
- town, capital of the muhafazah (governorate) of Al-Wadi al-Jadid (Arabic: "New Valley") and chief town of Al-Kharijah (Kharga) oasis, Egypt. The town's history dates back to the 25th dynasty (c. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kharijite
- the earliest Islamic sect, which traces its beginning to a religio-political controversy over the Caliphate. [17 Related Articles]
- Khariton, Yuly Borisovich
- founder, and head from 1946 to 1992, of the research and design laboratory known variously as KB-11, Arzamas-16, and currently the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, which was ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kharj, Al-
- oasis, east-central Saudi Arabia. It lies southeast of Riyadh, the national capital, with which it is associated administratively. Situated around a series of deepwater pools, near which numerous ancient tombs ...
- kharjah
- (from the article "muwashshah") ...the end of the strophes, somewhat like a refrain; it is interrupted by subordinate rhymes. A possible scheme is ABcdcdABefefABghghABijijABklklAB. The last AB, called kharjah, or markaz, is usually written ...
- Kharkiv
- city, northeastern Ukraine. It lies at the confluence of the Uda, Lopan, and Kharkiv rivers. It was founded about 1655 as a military stronghold to protect Russia's southern borderlands; part ... [2 Related Articles]
- Kharkiv A. M. Gorky State University
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") In the 19th century the development of Ukrainian cultural life was closely connected with academic circles. The first modern university in Ukraine was established in 1805 at Kharkiv, and for ...
- Kharosthi
- writing system used in northwestern India before about AD 500. The earliest extant inscription in Kharosthi dates from 251 BC, and the latest from the 4th-5th century AD. The system ... [4 Related Articles]
- Khartoum
- (from the article "Sudan, The") Khartoum, the smallest of the states, contains the Three Towns of Khartoum: Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North. By the early 1980s the population of the Khartoum metropolitan area had grown ...
- Khartoum
- ("Elephant's Trunk"), city, executive capital of The Sudan, just south of the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers. It has bridge connections with its sister towns, Khartoum North ... [12 Related Articles]
- Khartoum North
- city, east-central Sudan. It lies on the north bank of the Blue Nile and on the east bank of the Nile proper, with bridge connections to its sister cities of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Khartoum, Siege of
- (March 13, 1884-January 26, 1885), the siege of Khartoum, capital of the Sudan, by al-Mahdi and his followers. The city, which was defended by an Egyptian garrison under the British ... [3 Related Articles]
- Khartoum, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...were long instructed in religious subjects according to traditional methods. Primary education was begun by the British in the northern Sudan after 1898, and secondary education began in 1913. The ...
- Khartsyzsk
- city, eastern Ukraine. It is located on the Krynychne-Ilovaysk rail line in an upland area about 15 miles (25 km) east of Donetsk. Khartsyzsk was founded in 1869 and raised ...
- Khasavyurt
- city and centre of Khasavyurt rayon (sector), Dagestan republic, southwestern Russia. It lies along the Yaryksu River in a cotton-growing area, with cotton-ginning and fruit- and vegetable-canning industries. Agricultural and ...
- Khasbulatov, Ruslan
- (from the article "Russia") ...branches. Complicating Yeltsin's difficulties was the fact that many deputies in the parliament had vested interests in the old economic and political structure. The leader of the parliament, Ruslan Khasbulatov, ...
- Khasekhemwy
- sixth and last ruler of Egypt in the 2nd dynasty (c. 2775-c. 2650 BCE), who apparently ended the internal struggles of the mid-2nd dynasty. [4 Related Articles]
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