| | - Kapton
- (from the article "industrial polymers, major") Typical of the condensation type is the polyimide sold under the trademarked name of Kapton by DuPont, which is made from a dianhydride and a diamine. When the two monomers ...
- Kapuas River
- chief waterway of western Indonesian Borneo. The river rises in the Kapuas Hulu Mountains in the central part of the island and flows 710 miles (1,143 km) west-southwest, reaching the ...
- kapudan pasha
- (from the article "Greece, history of") ...This was a more important post than it appeared, for its holder bore considerable responsibility for the conduct of foreign policy. Similarly, Phanariotes were invariably interpreters to the kapudan pasha, ...
- Kapuni
- locality in Taranaki local government region, a natural gas and oil field south of Mount Taranaki (Egmont), western North Island, New Zealand. Petroleum from the locality is piped to Auckland ...
- Kapur Singh
- (from the article "India") ...under Banda did not mean an end to Sikh resistance to Mughal claims. In the 1720s and '30s Amritsar emerged as a centre of Sikh activity, partly because of its ...
- Kapurthala
- city, north-central Punjab state, northwestern India. Kapurthala was founded in the 11th century. In 1780 it became the capital of the princely state of Kapurthala, and it remained the capital ...
- Kapuscinski, Ryszard
- Polish journalist and author was the Polish Press Agency's (PAP's) only correspondent in Africa during that continent's troubled emergence from colonialism. Between 1956 and 1981 (when his credentials were ...
- Kapuskasing
- town, Cochrane district, east-central Ontario, Canada. It lies along the Kapuskasing River. Known as MacPherson until 1917, when it received its present Indian name, the town originated in 1914 as ...
- Kapuufi
- (from the article "Fipa") ...and exchange allowed these two states to grow in complexity. Although shaken by the Ngoni occupation in the mid-19th century, the people of Nkansi in particular found new unification under ...
- kara
- (from the article "Sikhism") ...kesh (uncut hair), kangha (comb), kacch (short trousers), kara (steel bracelet), and kirpan (double-edged dagger)-did ...
- Kara Koyunlu
- Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468. [5 Related Articles]
- Kara Muhammad Turmush
- (from the article "Kara Koyunlu") The Kara Koyunlu were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty of Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the head of their leading tribe, Kara Muhammad Turmush (reigned c. 1375-90), ruled ...
- Kara Mustafa Pasa, Kemankes
- (from the article "Ibrahim") Early in his reign under the guidance of the able but ambitious grand vizier Kemankes Kara Mustafa Pasa, Ibrahim established peaceful relations with Persia and Austria (1642) and recovered the ...
- Kara Mustafa Pasa, Merzifonlu
- Ottoman grand vizier (chief minister) in 1676-83, who in 1683 led an unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna. [4 Related Articles]
- Kara Osman
- (from the article "Ak Koyunlu") The Ak Koyunlu were present in eastern Anatolia at least from 1340, according to Byzantine chronicles, and most Ak Koyunlu leaders, including the founder of the dynasty, Kara Osman (reigned ...
- Kara Sea
- marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off western Siberia (Russia), between the Novaya Zemlya islands (west), Franz Josef Land (northwest), and the Severnaya Zemlya islands (east). It is connected ... [3 Related Articles]
- Kara Su
- (from the article "Tigris-Euphrates river system") The headwaters of the Euphrates are the Murat and the Karasu rivers in the Armenian Highland of northeastern Turkey. Considerably altered in the 20th century by water-control projects, they join ...
- Kara Yusuf
- (from the article "Kara Koyunlu") ...leading tribe, Kara Muhammad Turmush (reigned c. 1375-90), ruled Mosul. The federation secured its independence with the seizure of Tabriz (which became its capital) by Kara Yusuf (reigned 1390-1400; 1406-20). ...
- Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf
- inlet of the eastern Caspian Sea in northwestern Turkmenistan. With an area of 4,600-5,000 square miles (12,000-13,000 square km), it averages only 33 feet (10 m) in depth and has ... [1 Related Articles]
- Kara-e
- 618-907). It was chiefly composed of imaginative landscapes in the Chinese manner and illustrations of Chinese legends and tales. [1 Related Articles]
- Kara-Kalpak
- (from the article "Aral Sea") ...likely that the Aral Sea could disappear within 20 to 30 years, leaving a large desert in its place. The health costs to people living in the area were beginning ...
- Kara-Kalpak language
- (from the article "Altaic languages") ...many Turkic peoples and the relative absence of geographic barriers to communication has resulted in a high degree of similarity and hence mutual intelligibility among most of the languages; Kyrgyz, ...
- kara-yo
- (Japanese: "Chinese style"), one of the three main Japanese styles of Buddhist temple architecture in the Kamakura period (1192-1333). Kara-yo originally followed Chinese forms that featured strict symmetry on a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Karabagh rug
- floor covering handmade in the district of Karabakh (Armenian-controlled Azerbaijan), just north of the present Iranian border. As might be expected, Karabagh designs and colour schemes tend to be more ...
- Karabakh
- (from the article "Armenia") ...in the quarter named New Julfa. At the peace of 1620, while the greater part of Armenia remained in Ottoman hands, Persia regained the regions of Yerevan, Nakhichevan (Naxcivan), and ...
- Karabakh Liberation Organization
- (from the article "Azerbaijan") ...to attend a planning conference in Baku for NATO-sponsored maneuvers scheduled for September, which NATO subsequently canceled when Armenian officers were denied visas to attend. Six members of the Karabakh ...
- Karabalghasun
- (from the article "Central Asia, history of") The Uighur empire was governed from a city on the Orhon River, Karabalghasun, the foundations of which were probably laid by the Turks and can still be seen. A Muslim ...
- Karabuk
- town, northwestern Turkey, on the Yenice River. Once a small hamlet, it has grown rapidly since the establishment of Turkey's first major iron and steel complex there in 1940. The ...
- Karaca
- (from the article "Dulkadir Dynasty") The dynasty was founded by Karaca, the chief of the Bozok Turkmen, who was recognized as na'ib (deputy) by the Mamluk sultan in 1337 but who, with his sons, later ...
- Karaca, Cem
- Turkish rock musician (b. April 5, 1945, Istanbul, Turkey-d. Feb. 8, 2004, Istanbul), blended traditional Anatolian music with progressive rock and leftist political themes to become Turkey's biggest pop star ...
- Karaca, Mount
- (from the article "Turkey") ...broad plateau surfaces descending to the south from about 2,500 feet (760 metres) at the mountain foot to 1,000 feet (300 metres) along the Syrian border. In the centre of ...
- Karacaoglan
- (from the article "Turkish literature") ...to the accompaniment of a long-necked lute (saz). The classical asik of the Anatolian Turkmen tribes was Karacaoglan, who flourished in the later 16th ...
- Karachay
- (from the article "Turkic peoples") The Karachay and Balkar of the Russian Caucasus Mountains are of uncertain origin. In the course of many centuries, they have become mixed with the Ossetes (Ossetians), from whom they ...
- Karachay-Balkar language
- (from the article "Turkic languages") ...Russia), and West Siberian dialects (Tepter, Tobol, Irtysh, and so on). The West Kipchak group (NWw) today consists of small, partly endangered languages, Kumyk (Dagestan), Karachay and Balkar (North Caucasus), ...
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- republic, Stavropol kray (region), southwestern Russia. It extends south from the foreland plains across the northern ranges and deep intervening valleys and gorges of the Greater Caucasus range as far ... [1 Related Articles]
- Karachi
- city and capital of Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It is the country's largest city and principal seaport and is a major commercial and industrial centre. Karachi is located on the ... [9 Related Articles]
- Karachi Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited
- (from the article "Pakistan") The Karachi Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (1947), Lahore Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (1970), and Islamabad Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (1989) are the largest such institutions in the country; each deals ...
- Karachi, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...oldest university is the University of the Punjab (established 1882), and the largest institutions are Allama Iqbal Open University (1974), in Islamabad, the University of Peshawar (1950), and the University ...
- Karadjordje
- leader of the Serbian people in their struggle for independence from the Turks and founder of the Karadjordjevic (Karageorgevic, or Karadordevici) dynasty. [5 Related Articles]
- Karadjordjevic dynasty
- rulers descended from the Serbian rebel leader Karadjordje (Karageorge, or Karadorde). It rivaled the Obrenovic dynasty for control of Serbia during the 19th century and ruled that country as well ... [4 Related Articles]
- Karadzic, Radovan
- physician, author, and politician who was leader (1990-96) of the Serbian Democratic Party in Bosnia and president (1992-95) of the autonomous Republika Srpska, a self-proclaimed Serb republic within Bosnia. In ... [4 Related Articles]
- Karadzic, Vuk Stefanovic
- language scholar and the father of Serbian folk-literature scholarship, who, in reforming the Cyrillic alphabet for Serbian usage, created one of the simplest and most logical spelling systems. [5 Related Articles]
- Karaganda
- oblast (province), central Kazakhstan. It lies mostly in the Kazakh Uplands in a dry steppe zone, rising gradually in elevation eastward to a maximum in the Karkaraly Mountains of 5,115 ... [1 Related Articles]
- Karaganda
- city in central Kazakhstan. It lies at the centre of the important Qaraghandy (Karaganda) coal basin. It is the second largest city in the republic and derives its name from ... [1 Related Articles]
- Karaganda Metallurgical Works
- (from the article "Temirtau") The huge Karaganda Metallurgical Works produced its first pig iron in 1960-61 and was still being expanded in the 1970s, when it had become one of the largest iron and ...
- Karaghiozis
- (from the article "Greece") There is a lively theatrical tradition, in which political satire plays an important part. The traditional shadow puppet theatre, Karaghiozis, is now largely extinct, having been displaced by the ubiquitous ...
- karaginu
- (from the article "dress") The outermost garment of the empress's juni-hitoe costume is a wide-sleeved jacket (karaginu) that reaches only to the waist and has a pattern of ...
- Karagosh, Mount
- (from the article "Khakassia") ...River. The Abakan River, a tributary of the Yenisey, forms the axis of the republic. Southeast of the Abakan's valley rise the Western (Zapadny) Sayan mountains, reaching 9,613 feet (2,930 ...
- Karagoz
- (Turkish: "Black Eyes," or "Gypsy"), type of Turkish shadow play, named for its stock hero, Karagoz. The comically risque plays are improvised from scenarios for local audiences in private homes, ... [4 Related Articles]
- karah prasad
- (from the article "Sikhism") ...originally meant "Praise to the Guru" but is now accepted as the most common word for God. The conclusion of the service is followed by the distribution of
- Karaikal
- city, Pondicherry union territory, an enclave on the Coromandel Coast within eastern Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India, near the mouth of the Arasalar River. The chief city of the Karaikal ...
- Karaikkal Ammaiyar
- (from the article "South Asian arts") ...Siva and Vishnu. The earliest bhakti poets were the followers of Siva, the Nayanars (Siva Devotees), whose first representative was the poetess Karaikkal Ammaiyar, who called herself a pey, or ...
- Karaim language
- (from the article "Turkic languages") ...Tobol, Irtysh, and so on). The West Kipchak group (NWw) today consists of small, partly endangered languages, Kumyk (Dagestan), Karachay and Balkar (North Caucasus), Crimean Tatar, and Karaim. The Karachay ...
- Karaindash
- (from the article "Mesopotamia, history of") ...god, Shuqamuna. Meanwhile, native princes continued to reign in southern Babylonia. It may have been Ulamburiash who finally annexed this area around 1450 and began negotiations with Egypt in Syria. ...
- Karaiskakis, Georgios
- a klepht, or brigand chief, who played an important role in the Greek War of Independence. He is remembered both for his treachery and for his reckless courage.
- Karaism
- (from Hebrew qara, "to read"), a Jewish religious movement that repudiated oral tradition as a source of divine law and defended the Hebrew Bible as the sole authentic font of ... [11 Related Articles]
- Karaite
- (from the article "Israel") The Karaites are a Jewish sect that emerged in the early Middle Ages. Several thousand members live in Ramla, and more recently in Beersheba and Ashdod. Like other religious minorities, ...
- Karaj Dam
- (from the article "Elburz Mountains") ...and for supplying the fast-growing Tehran. Spectacular dams have been built. These include the Safid Rud Dam, used for the irrigation of the Safid Rud Delta; the Karaj Dam and ...
- Karaja rug
- floor covering handmade in or near the village of Qarajeh (Karaja), in the Qareh Dagh (Karadagh) region of Iran just south of the Azerbaijan border, northeast of Tabriz. The best-known ...
- Karajan, Herbert von
- Austrian-born orchestra and opera conductor, a leading international musical figure of the mid-20th century. [1 Related Articles]
- Karaji, al-
- mathematician and engineer who held an official position in Baghdad (c. 1010-1015), perhaps culminating in the position of vizier, during which time he wrote his three main works, al-Fakhri fi'l-jabr ... [2 Related Articles]
- karajishi
- (from the article "Shinto") ...be seen in Japan, but their function is always the same: to divide the sacred precincts from the secular area. A pair of sacred stone animals called komainu ("Korean dogs") ...
- Karak, Al-
- town, west-central Jordan. It lies along the Wadi Al-Karak, 15 miles (24 km) east of the Dead Sea. Built on a small, steep-walled butte about 3,100 feet (950 metres) above ...
- Karakalpakstan
- autonomous republic in Uzbekistan, situated southeast and southwest of the Aral Sea. [1 Related Articles]
- Karakam
- (from the article "South Asian arts") Of the endless variety of ritualistic folk dances, many have magical significance and are connected with ancient cults. The karakam dance of Tamil Nadu state, mainly performed on the annual ...
- Karakax River
- (from the article "Hotan") The oasis of Hotan, the largest of these, includes Karakax (Moyu), to the northwest, and Luopu (Lop), to the east. The oasis is watered by the Karakax (Kalakashi) and Yurungkax ...
- Karakhan Manifesto
- manifesto issued on July 25, 1919, by Lev Karakhan, a member of the foreign ministry of the newly formed Soviet republic, in which he offered to relinquish all Soviet claims ... [1 Related Articles]
- Karakhan, Lev M.
- (from the article "China") By mid-1923 the Soviets had decided to renew the effort to establish diplomatic relations with the Beijing government. Lev M. Karakhan, the deputy commissar for foreign affairs, was chosen as ...
- karakia
- (from the article "New Zealand literature") ...(somewhere between song and chant, performed by women welcoming or farewelling visitors on the marae). Some chants are recited rather than sung. These include karakia (forms of incantation invoking a ...
- Karakitai dynasty
- (from the article "Yelu Dashi") founder and first emperor (1124-43) of the Xi (Western) Liao dynasty (1124-1211) of Central Asia.historyCentral Asia, history ofThe KhitansDriven from ...
- Karakoc, Sezai
- (from the article "Turkish literature") Among the poets of the latter half of the 20th century, Sezai Karakoc blended European and Ottoman sensibilities with a right-wing Islamist perspective. His poetry collections include
- Karakol
- city, eastern Ysyk-kol oblasty (province), Kyrgyzstan, at the northern foot of the Teriskey Alatau (Teskey Ala) Mountains at an elevation of 5,807 feet (1,770 metres) on the Karakol River. The ...
- Karakoram Highway
- roadway that connects Kashgar, China, with Islamabad, Pak. The road, which took almost 20 years (1959-78) to complete, extends for about 500 miles (800 km) through some of the most ...
- Karakoram Pass
- (from the article "Sinkiang, Uygur Autonomous Region of") ...of Tibet. With elevations up to 24,000 feet, the central part of the range forms an almost impenetrable barrier to movement from north to south. There are passes on the ...
- Karakoram Range
- great mountain system extending some 300 miles (500 kilometres) from the easternmost extension of Afghanistan in a southeasterly direction along the watershed between Central and South Asia. Found there are ... [8 Related Articles]
- Karakorum
- ancient capital of the Mongol empire, whose ruins lie on the upper Orhon River in north-central Mongolia. [1 Related Articles]
- Karakozov, Dmitry Valadimirovich
- (from the article "Alexander II") ...and the beginnings of a revolutionary movement. The government, after 1862, had reacted increasingly with repressive police measures. A climax was reached in the spring of 1866, when Dmitry Karakozov, ...
- Karakul
- sheep breed of central or west Asian origin, raised chiefly for the skins of very young lambs, which are covered with glossy, tightly curled black coats and are called Persian ... [3 Related Articles]
- Karakul hat
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...women sometimes wear the burqa, a full-length garment that may or may not cover the face. In earlier generations, the fez hat was popular among Muslim men, but more often ...
- Karakul, Lake
- (from the article "Tajikistan") The few lakes in Tajikistan lie mostly in the Pamir region; the largest is Lake Karakul, lying at an elevation of about 13,000 feet. Lake Sarez was formed in 1911 ...
- Karakum Canal
- waterway in Turkmenistan. The main section, begun in 1954 and completed in 1967, runs some 520 miles (840 km) from the Amu Darya (river) to Gokdepe, west of Ashgabat, skirting ... [6 Related Articles]
- Karakum Desert
- great sandy region in Central Asia. It occupies about 70 percent of the area of Turkmenistan. Another, smaller desert in Kazakhstan near the Aral Sea is called the Aral Karakum. [3 Related Articles]
- Karaman
- (from the article "Bayezid I") ...Islamic and Turkish base for his domain, Bayezid began to widen Ottoman suzerainty over the Turkish-Muslim rulers in Anatolia. He annexed various Turkmen emirates in Anatolia and defeated the Karaman ...
- Karamanli, Ahmed
- (from the article "North Africa") ...was governed from Tripoli and included the whole of present-day Libya. In 1711 the province underwent a change similar to the one that Tunisia had experienced in 1705, when the ...
- Karamanlis, Konstantinos
- Greek statesman who was prime minister from 1955 to 1963 and again from 1974 to 1980. He then served as president from 1980 to 1985 and from 1990 to 1995. ... [5 Related Articles]
- Karamanlis, Kostas
- Greek politician who became prime minister of Greece in 2004. [6 Related Articles]
- karamat
- (from the article "saint") ...power and whose role as a strict judge was emphasized repeatedly, there emerged a desire for intercessors. These were found in saintly men who were believed to be endowed with ...
- Karamat, Jehangir
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...expenditures had gone unchecked, as profligate spending on the regime's pet projects caused more severe economic dislocation. With ethnic strife continuing unabated, Pakistan's army chief of staff, Gen. Jehangir Karamat, ...
- Karamay
- city, northern Uighur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, far northwestern China. Located in the Junggar (Dzungarian) Basin, it is about 200 miles (320 km) northwest of Urumqi (Urumchi), the provincial capital. [1 Related Articles]
- Karambar Pass
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") The eastern limit of the Hindu Kush is difficult to determine because of a locally complex topography, although the Karambar Pass (14,250 feet [4,343 metres]) between the valleys of the ...
- Karami, Omar
- (from the article "Lebanon") ...(excluding unnaturalized Palestinian refugees estimated to number about 400,000) | Capital: Beirut | Chief of state: President Gen. Emile Lahoud | Head of government: Prime Ministers Omar Karami, Najib Mikati ...
- Karami, Rashid
- (from the article "Helou, Charles") ...of his term. In 1968-69 a pattern emerged in which the Christian president and the army command opposed the stationing of Palestinian guerrillas in Lebanon, while the Muslim prime minister, ...
- Karamzin, Nikolay Mikhaylovich
- Russian historian, poet, and journalist who was the leading exponent of the sentimentalist school in Russian literature. [6 Related Articles]
- Karan, Donna
- Internationally acclaimed fashion designer Donna Karan captured the spotlight in 1993 both with her mix-and-match clothing in soft fabrics and neutral colours and with the public offering of shares--worth more ...
- karana sarira
- (from the article "death") ...seat of judgment, where it is sentenced to a strictly limited term in heaven (svarga) or hell (naraka) according to its deserts. This completed, it moves into another body (the ...
- Karanga
- (from the article "Zimbabwe") ...for more than 10 centuries. Those who speak Ndebele are concentrated in a circle around Bulawayo, with Shona-speaking peoples beyond them on all sides-the Kalanga to the southwest, the Karanga ...
- karanga
- (from the article "New Zealand literature") ...attached to flax strings, swung rhythmically), oriori (songs composed for young children of chiefly or warrior descent, to help them learn their heritage), and karanga (somewhere between song and chant, ...
- Karanga language
- (from the article "Niger-Congo languages") ...12th centuries cite a few words that are probably taken from Niger-Congo languages, the earliest clearly identifiable words are found in Portuguese records in 1506. These words probably come from ...
- Karankawa
- several groups of North American Indians that lived along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas, from about Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi Bay. They were first encountered by the French ...
- Karaosmanoglu, Yakup Kadri
- writer and translator, one of the most renowned figures in modern Turkish literature, noted for vigorous studies of 20th-century Turkish life. [1 Related Articles]
- Karasi
- (from the article "Karasi Dynasty") Founded by Karasi, a frontier ruler under Seljuq suzerainty, the principality had two branches, with their respective centres in Balikesir and Bergama (Pergamum). Of the sons of Karasi, Demirhan was ...
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